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African Americans Possessed High Prevalence of Comorbidities and Frequent Abdominal Symptoms, and Comprised A Disproportionate Share of Covid-19 Mortality among 9,873 Us- Hospitalized Patients Early in the Pandemic.
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Ashktorab, Hassan; Pizuorno, Antonio; Chirumamilla, Lakshmi; Adeleye, Folake; Dalivand, Maryam; Sherif, Zaki; Oskrochi, Gholamreza; Challa, Suryanarayana; Jones-Wonni, Boubini; Rankine, Sheldon; Ekwunazu, Chiamaka; Banson, Abigail; Kim, Rachel; Gilliard, Chandler; Ekpe, Elizabeth; Shayegh, Nader; Nyaunu, Constance; Martins, Chidi; Slack, Ashley; Okwesili, Princess; Abebe, Malachi; Batta, Yashvardhan; Ly, Do; Valarie, Ogwo; Smith, Tori; Watson, Kyra; Kolawole, Oluwapelumi; Tahmazian, Sarine; Atoba, Sofiat; Khushbakht, Myra; Riley, Gregory; Gavin, Warren; Kara, Areeba; Hache-Marliere, Manuel; Palaiodimos, Leonidas; Mani, Vishnu; Kalabin, Aleksandr; Gayam, Vijay; Garlapati, Pavani; Miller, Joseph; Jackson, Fatimah; Rustgi, Vinod; Brim, Hassan; Carethers, John
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Identifying clinical characteristics and outcomes of different ethnicities in the US may inform treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Aim of this study is to identify predictors of mortality among US races/ethnicities. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We retrospectively analyzed de-identified data from 9,873 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized at 15 US hospital centers in 11 states (March 2020-November 2020). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was to identify predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: Among the 9,873 patients, there were 64.1% African Americans (AA), 19.8% Caucasians, 10.4% Hispanics, and 5.7% Asians, with 50.7% female. Males showed higher in-hospital mortality (20.9% vs. 15.3%, p=0.001). Non- survivors were significantly older (67 vs. 61 years) than survivors. Patients in New York had the highest in-hospital mortality (OR=3.54 (3.03 - 4.14)). AA patients possessed higher prevalence of comorbidities, had longer hospital stay, higher ICU admission rates, increased requirement for mechanical ventilation and higher in-hospital mortality compared to other races/ethnicities. Gastrointestinal symptoms (GI), particularly diarrhea, were more common among minority patients. Among GI symptoms and laboratory findings, abdominal pain (5.3%, p=0.03), elevated AST (n=2653, 50.2%, p=