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JUNO Conceptual Design Report
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Adam, T; An, F; An, G; An, Q; Anfimov, N; Antonelli, V; Baccolo, G; Baldoncini, M; Baussan, E; Bellato, M; Bezrukov, L; Bick, D; Blyth, S; Boarin, S; Brigatti, A; Brugière, T; Brugnera, R; Avanzini, M Buizza; Busto, J; Cabrera, A; Cai, H; Cai, X; Cammi, A; Cao, D; Cao, G; Cao, J; Chang, J; Chang, Y; Chen, M; Chen, P; Chen, Q; Chen, S; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cheng, Y; Chiesa, D; Chukanov, A; Clemenza, M; Clerbaux, B; D'Angelo, D; Kerret, H de; Deng, Z; Ding, X; Ding, Y; Djurcic, Z; Dmitrievsky, S; Dolgareva, M; Dornic, D; Doroshkevich, E; Dracos, M; Drapier, O; Dusini, S; Díaz, MA; Enqvist, T; Fan, D; Fang, C; Fang, J; Fang, X; Favart, L; Fedoseev, D; Fiorentini, G; Ford, R; Formozov, A; Gaigher, R; Gan, H; Garfagnini, A; Gaudiot, G; Genster, C; Giammarchi, M; Giuliani, F; Gonchar, M; Gong, G; Gong, H; Gonin, M; Gornushkin, Y; Grassi, M; Grewing, C; Gromov, V; Gu, M; Guan, M; Guarino, V; Guo, W; Guo, X; Guo, Y; Göger-Neff, M; Hackspacher, P; Hagner, C; Han, R; Han, Z; Hao, J; He, M; Hellgartner, D; Heng, Y; Hong, D; Hou, S; Hsiung, Y; Hu, B
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Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is proposed to determinethe neutrino mass hierarchy using an underground liquid scintillator detector.It is located 53 km away from both Yangjiang and Taishan Nuclear Power Plantsin Guangdong, China. The experimental hall, spanning more than 50 meters, isunder a granite mountain of over 700 m overburden. Within six years of running,the detection of reactor antineutrinos can resolve the neutrino mass hierarchyat a confidence level of 3-4$\sigma$, and determine neutrino oscillationparameters $\sin^2\theta_{12}$, $\Delta m^2_{21}$, and $|\Delta m^2_{ee}|$ toan accuracy of better than 1%. The JUNO detector can be also used to studyterrestrial and extra-terrestrial neutrinos and new physics beyond the StandardModel. The central detector contains 20,000 tons liquid scintillator with anacrylic sphere of 35 m in diameter. $\sim$17,000 508-mm diameter PMTs with highquantum efficiency provide $\sim$75% optical coverage. The current choice ofthe liquid scintillator is: linear alkyl benzene (LAB) as the solvent, plus PPOas the scintillation fluor and a wavelength-shifter (Bis-MSB). The number ofdetected photoelectrons per MeV is larger than 1,100 and the energy resolutionis expected to be 3% at 1 MeV. The calibration system is designed to deploymultiple sources to cover the entire energy range of reactor antineutrinos, andto achieve a full-volume position coverage inside the detector. The veto systemis used for muon detection, muon induced background study and reduction. Itconsists of a Water Cherenkov detector and a Top Tracker system. The readoutsystem, the detector control system and the offline system insure efficient andstable data acquisition and processing.