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e-Article

Measurements of Proton High Order Cumulants in 3 GeV Au+Au Collisions and Implications for the QCD Critical Point
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
STAR CollaborationAbdallah, M. S.Aboona, B. E.Adam, J.Adamczyk, L.Adams, J. R.Adkins, J. K.Agakishiev, G.Aggarwal, I.Aggarwal, M. M.Ahammed, Z.Alekseev, I.Anderson, D. M.Aparin, A.Aschenauer, E. C.Ashraf, M. U.Atetalla, F. G.Attri, A.Averichev, G. S.Bairathi, V.Baker, W.Cap, J. G. BallBarish, K.Behera, A.Bellwied, R.Bhagat, P.Bhasin, A.Bielcik, J.Bielcikova, J.Bordyuzhin, I. G.Brandenburg, J. D.Brandin, A. V.Bunzarov, I.Cai, X. Z.Caines, H.Sánchez, M. Calderón de la BarcaCebra, D.Chakaberia, I.Chaloupka, P.Chan, B. K.Chang, F-H.Chang, Z.Chankova-Bunzarova, N.Chatterjee, A.Chattopadhyay, S.Chen, D.Chen, J.Chen, J. H.Chen, X.Chen, Z.Cheng, J.Chevalier, M.Choudhury, S.Christie, W.Chu, X.Crawford, H. J.Csanád, M.Daugherity, M.Dedovich, T. G.Deppner, I. M.Derevschikov, A. A.Dhamija, A.Di Carlo, L.Didenko, L.Dixit, P.Dong, X.Drachenberg, J. L.Duckworth, E.Dunlop, J. C.Elsey, N.Engelage, J.Eppley, G.Esumi, S.Evdokimov, O.Ewigleben, A.Eyser, O.Fatemi, R.Fawzi, F. M.Fazio, S.Federic, P.Fedorisin, J.Feng, C. J.Feng, Y.Filip, P.Finch, E.Fisyak, Y.Francisco, A.Fu, C.Fulek, L.Gagliardi, C. A.Galatyuk, T.Geurts, F.Ghimire, N.Gibson, A.Gopal, K.Gou, X.Grosnick, D.Gupta, A.Guryn, W.Hamad, A. I.Hamed, A.Han, Y.Harabasz, S.Harasty, M. D.Harris, J. W.Harrison, H.He, S.He, W.He, X. H.He, Y.Heppelmann, S.Herrmann, N.Hoffman, E.Holub, L.Hu, Y.Huang, H.Huang, H. Z.Huang, S. L.Huang, T.Huang, X.Huang, Y.Humanic, T. J.Igo, G.Isenhower, D.Jacobs, W. W.Jena, C.Jentsch, A.Ji, Y.Jia, J.Jiang, K.Ju, X.Judd, E. G.Kabana, S.Kabir, M. L.Kagamaster, S.Kalinkin, D.Kang, K.Kapukchyan, D.Kauder, K.Ke, H. W.Keane, D.Kechechyan, A.Kelsey, M.Khyzhniak, Y. V.Kikoła, D. P.Kim, C.Kimelman, B.Kincses, D.Kisel, I.Kiselev, A.Knospe, A. G.Ko, H. S.Kochenda, L.Kosarzewski, L. K.Kramarik, L.Kravtsov, P.Kumar, L.Kumar, S.Elayavalli, R. KunnawalkamKwasizur, J. H.Lacey, R.Lan, S.Landgraf, J. M.Lauret, J.Lebedev, A.Lednicky, R.Lee, J. H.Leung, Y. H.Lewis, N.Li, C.Li, W.Li, X.Li, Y.Liang, X.Liang, Y.Licenik, R.Lin, T.Lin, Y.Lisa, M. A.Liu, F.Liu, H.Liu, P.Liu, T.Liu, X.Liu, Y.Liu, Z.Ljubicic, T.Llope, W. J.Longacre, R. S.Loyd, E.Lukow, N. S.Luo, X. F.Ma, L.Ma, R.Ma, Y. G.Magdy, N.Mallick, D.Margetis, S.Markert, C.Matis, H. S.Mazer, J. A.Minaev, N. G.Mioduszewski, S.Mohanty, B.Mondal, M. M.Mooney, I.Morozov, D. A.Mukherjee, A.Nagy, M.Nam, J. D.Nasim, Md.Nayak, K.Neff, D.Nelson, J. M.Nemes, D. B.Nie, M.Nigmatkulov, G.Niida, T.Nishitani, R.Nogach, L. V.Nonaka, T.Nunes, A. S.Odyniec, G.Ogawa, A.Oh, S.Okorokov, V. A.Page, B. S.Pak, R.Pan, J.Pandav, A.Pandey, A. K.Panebratsev, Y.Parfenov, P.Pawlik, B.Pawlowska, D.Perkins, C.Pinsky, L.Pluta, J.Pokhrel, B. R.Ponimatkin, G.Porter, J.Posik, M.Prozorova, V.Pruthi, N. K.Przybycien, M.Putschke, J.Qiu, H.Quintero, A.Racz, C.Radhakrishnan, S. K.Raha, N.Ray, R. L.Reed, R.Ritter, H. G.Robotkova, M.Rogachevskiy, O. V.Romero, J. L.Roy, D.Ruan, L.Rusnak, J.Sahoo, A. K.Sahoo, N. R.Sako, H.Salur, S.Sandweiss, J.Sato, S.Schmidke, W. B.Schmitz, N.Schweid, B. R.Seck, F.Seger, J.Sergeeva, M.Seto, R.Seyboth, P.Shah, N.Shahaliev, E.Shanmuganathan, P. V.Shao, M.Shao, T.Sheikh, A. I.Shen, D. Y.Shi, S. S.Shi, Y.Shou, Q. Y.Sichtermann, E. P.Sikora, R.Simko, M.Singh, J.Singha, S.Skoby, M. J.Smirnov, N.Söhngen, Y.Solyst, W.Song, Y.Sorensen, P.Spinka, H. M.Srivastava, B.Stanislaus, T. D. S.Stefaniak, M.Stewart, D. J.Strikhanov, M.Stringfellow, B.Suaide, A. A. P.Sumbera, M.Summa, B.Sun, X. M.Sun, X.Sun, Y.Surrow, B.Svirida, D. N.Sweger, Z. W.Szymanski, P.Tang, A. H.Tang, Z.Taranenko, A.Tarnowsky, T.Thomas, J. H.Timmins, A. R.Tlusty, D.Todoroki, T.Tokarev, M.Tomkiel, C. A.Trentalange, S.Tribble, R. E.Tribedy, P.Tripathy, S. K.Truhlar, T.Trzeciak, B. A.Tsai, O. D.Tu, Z.Ullrich, T.Underwood, D. G.Upsal, I.Van Buren, G.Vanek, J.Vasiliev, A. N.Vassiliev, I.Verkest, V.Videbæk, F.Vokal, S.Voloshin, S. A.Wang, F.Wang, G.Wang, J. S.Wang, P.Wang, X.Wang, Y.Wang, Z.Webb, J. C.Weidenkaff, P. C.Wen, L.Westfall, G. D.Wieman, H.Wissink, S. W.Witt, R.Wu, J.Wu, Y.Xi, B.Xiao, Z. G.Xie, G.Xie, W.Xu, H.Xu, N.Xu, Q. H.Xu, Y.Xu, Z.Yan, G.Yang, C.Yang, Q.Yang, S.Yang, Y.Ye, Z.Yi, L.Yip, K.Yu, Y.Zbroszczyk, H.Zha, W.Zhang, C.Zhang, D.Zhang, J.Zhang, S.Zhang, X. P.Zhang, Y.Zhang, Z. J.Zhang, Z.Zhao, J.Zhou, C.Zhou, Y.Zhu, X.Zurek, M.Zyzak, M.
Source
Physical Review Letters 128, 202303 (2022)
Subject
Nuclear Experiment
Language
Abstract
We report cumulants of the proton multiplicity distribution from dedicated fixed-target Au+Au collisions at 3.0 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment in the kinematic acceptance of rapidity ($y$) and transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) within $-0.5 < y<0$ and $0.4 < p_{\rm T} <2.0 $ GeV/$c$. In the most central 0--5\% collisions, a proton cumulant ratio is measured to be $C_4/C_2=-0.85 \pm 0.09 ~(\rm stat.) \pm 0.82 ~(\rm syst.)$, which is less than unity, the Poisson baseline. The hadronic transport UrQMD model reproduces our $C_4/C_2$ in the measured acceptance. Compared to higher energy results and the transport model calculations, the suppression in $C_4/C_2$ is consistent with fluctuations driven by baryon number conservation and indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions. These data imply that the QCD critical region, if created in heavy-ion collisions, could only exist at energies higher than 3\,GeV.