e-Article
Boron Intake and decreased risk of mortality in kidney transplant recipients.
Document Type
Article
Author
Kremer, Daan; Post, Adrian; Seidel, Ulrike; Huebbe, Patricia; van der Veen, Yvonne; Groothof, Dion; Gomes-Neto, António W.; Knobbe, Tim J.; Lüersen, Kai; Eisenga, Michele F.; Navis, Gerjan J.; Rimbach, Gerald; Bakker, Stephan J. L.; TransplantLines Investigators; Kremer, D.; Knobbe, T. J.; Annema-de Jong, J. H.; Berger, S. P.; Blokzijl, J.; Bodewes, F. A. J. A.
Source
Subject
*MEDITERRANEAN diet
*HOMOCYSTEINE
*GLOMERULAR filtration rate
*CONFIDENCE intervals
*NUTRITIONAL assessment
*BORON compounds
*AGE distribution
*KIDNEY transplantation
*INGESTION
*REGRESSION analysis
*SEX distribution
*MASS spectrometry
*QUESTIONNAIRES
*WINES
*FRUIT
*DESCRIPTIVE statistics
*ODDS ratio
*ENVIRONMENTAL exposure
*TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc.
*LONGITUDINAL method
*NUTS
*PROPORTIONAL hazards models
MORTALITY risk factors
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Language
ISSN
1436-6207
Abstract
Purpose: In a search for potentially modifiable factors to improve long-term outcome among kidney transplant recipients (KTR), we hypothesized that boron exposure is associated with improved long-term outcome in KTR. Methods: We determined 24 h urinary boron excretion using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as a measure of boron exposure in 693 stable KTR (57% male, mean age 53y), enrolled in the TransplantLines Food and Nutrition Biobank and Cohort Study. Dietary intake was assessed using validated food-frequency questionnaires. Results: Linear regression analyses showed that dietary intake of fruit, wine and nuts were key determinants of boron excretion. In addition, boron excretion was negatively correlated with homocysteine and inflammatory parameters. In total, 73 (32%), 47 (20%) and 30 (13%) KTR died among the lowest, middle and highest tertiles of 24 h urinary boron excretion, respectively (Plog-rank < 0.001). Cox regression analyses showed that high boron excretion was strongly associated with lower risk of mortality, independent of age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate and history of cardiovascular disease (HR per doubling: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.66, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Boron may be an overlooked target to improve long-term survival among KTR and potentially other patients, likely through pathways other than inflammation or the methionine-homocysteine cycle that were previously suggested. Interventional trials are warranted to confirm the potential of dietary boron supplementation in KTR and other patient populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]