부산대학교 도서관

T M, Wassenaar; N M, Bleumink-Pluym; D G, Newell; P J, Nuijten; B A, van der Zeijst

Infection and Immunity. 62:3901-3906

T M, Wassenaar; N M, Bleumink-Pluym; B A, van der Zeijst

The EMBO Journal. 10:2055-2061

Nuijten, Piet J. M.; Márquez-Magaña, Leticia; van der Zeijst, Bernard A. M.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology. December 1995 67(4):377-383

M B, Koopman; O S, de Leeuw; B M, van der Zeijst; J G, Kusters

Infection and Immunity. 60:2920-2925

T M, Wassenaar; B N, Fry; B A, van der Zeijst

Microbiology. 141:95-101

Nancy M C, Bleumink-Pluym; Froukje, Verschoor; Wim, Gaastra; Bernard A M, van der Zeijst; Ben N, Fry

Microbiology. 145:2145-2151

He, WD; Van Puyvelde, L; De Kimpe, N; Verbruggen, L; Anthonissen, K; Van der Flaas, M; Bosselaers, J; Mathenge, SG; Mudida, FP

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH; FEB 2002, 16 1, p66-p70, 5p.

He, WD; Van Puyvelde, L; Bosselaers, J; De Kimpe, N; Van der Flaas, M; Roymans, A; Mathenge, SG; Mudida, FP

BIOFOULING; 2001, 17 3, p221-p226, 6p.

He, WD; Van Puyvelde, L; Bosselaers, J; De Kimpe, N; Van der Flaas, M; Roymans, A; Mathenge, SG; Mudida, FP; Mutiso, PBC

PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY; 2002, 40 1, p74-p76, 3p.

Eastwood G; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Nichol AD; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Hodgson C; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Parke RL; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; McGuinness S; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Nielsen N; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Bernard S; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Skrifvars MB; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Stub D; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Taccone FS; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Archer J; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Kutsogiannis D; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Dankiewicz J; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Lilja G; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Cronberg T; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Kirkegaard H; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Capellier G; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Landoni G; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Horn J; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Olasveengen T; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Arabi Y; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Chia YW; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Markota A; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Hænggi M; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Wise MP; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Grejs AM; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Christensen S; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Munk-Andersen H; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Granfeldt A; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Andersen GØ; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Qvigstad E; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Flaa A; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Thomas M; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Sweet K; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Bewley J; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Bäcklund M; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Tiainen M; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Iten M; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Levis A; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Peck L; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Walsham J; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Deane A; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Ghosh A; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Annoni F; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Chen Y; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Knight D; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Lesona E; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Tlayjeh H; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Svenšek F; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; McGuigan PJ; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Cole J; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Pogson D; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Hilty MP; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Düring JP; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Bailey MJ; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Paul E; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Ady B; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Ainscough K; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Hunt A; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Monahan S; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Trapani T; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Fahey C; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.; Bellomo R; From the Departments of Intensive Care (G.E., L.P., R.B.) and Neurology (J.A.), Austin Hospital, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (G.E., A.D.N., C.H., S.M., G.C., M.J.B., E.P., B.A., T.T., R.B.), the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University (S.B., D.S.), the Departments of Intensive Care (C.H., S.B., T.T.) and Cardiology (D.S.), Alfred Hospital, the Division of Critical Care (C.H., R.B.) and the Departments of Medicine (J.A.) and Critical Care (A.D.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Intensive Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital (A.D., R.B.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Northern Hospital (A.G.), Melbourne, VIC, the Division of Critical Care, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney (C.H.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane (J.W.) - all in Australia; the Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin (A.D.N., K.A., S.M., C.F.); the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Intensive Care Unit (R.L.P., S.M.) and the Department of Critical Care Medicine (Y.W.C.), Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Nursing, University of Auckland (R.L.P.), Auckland, Intensive Care Research (A.H.), Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (R.L.P., S.M.), and the Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Regional Hospital (E.L.), Wellington, and the Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury (D.K.) - all in New Zealand; the Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (N.N., J.D.), Cardiology (J.D.), and Neurology (G. Lilja, T.C.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg (N.N.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmo (J.P.D.) - all in Sweden; the Departments of Emergency Care and Services (M.B.S.) and Intensive Care (M.B.), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, and the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital (M. Tiainen) - all in Helsinki; the Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles-Université Libre de Bruxelles (F.S.T.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital (F.A.) - both in Brussels; the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (D.K.); the Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University (H.K.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (A.M.G., S.C., H.M.-A.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (A.G.), Aarhus University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University (A.M.G.) - all in Aarhus, Denmark; Reanimation Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Franche-Comte, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France (G.C.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and the School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G. Landoni); the Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (J.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (T.O.), and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål (G.Ø.A., E.Q., A.F.) - both in Oslo; the Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.A., H.T.); the Cardiology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, the School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - all in Singapore (Y.W.C.); the Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia (A.M., F.S.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Bern University Hospital (M.H.), and the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.I.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (A.L.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, and the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich (M.P.H.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., J.C.), the Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M. Thomas, K.S., J.B.), the Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital (P.J.M.), and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast (P.J.M.), Belfast, and the Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth (D.P.) - all in the United Kingdom.

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Van Der Flaas, M.; Thys, A.

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