부산대학교 도서관

Barron, P.; Mahomed, H.; Masilela, T.C.; Vallabhjee, K.; Ndlovu, N.; Goliath, C.; Schneider, H.

SAMJ South African Medical Journal. June, 2025, Vol. 115 Issue 5, p30, 4 p.

Barron, P.; Honermann, B.; Vallabhjee, K.; Govender, K.; Schneider, H.

SAMJ South African Medical Journal. March, 2025, Vol. 115 Issue 3, p16, 7 p.

Govender, K.; Rambau, N.; Barron, P.; Setshogelo, B.; Vallabhjee, K.; Nyathi, M.; Schneider, H.; Xaba, S.; Mpofu, N.; Yawa, A.

SAMJ South African Medical Journal. June, 2024, Vol. 114 Issue 6, p15, 4 p.

Barron, P.; Mahomed, H.; Masilela, T.C.; Vallabhjee, K.; Schneider, H.

SAMJ South African Medical Journal. December, 2023, Vol. 113 Issue 12, p1515, 7 p.

H Schneider; T Masilela; J Mndebele; K Vallabhjee; I Petersen; L Gilson; B Engelbrecht

South African Medical Journal, Vol 113, Iss 11 (2023)

Barron P; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; Mahomed H; Western Cape Government Department of Health and Wellness; Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.; Masilela TC; Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, South African Government, Pretoria, South Africa.; Vallabhjee K; Clinton Health Access Initiative; and Division of Health Systems and Policy, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.; Ndlovu N; Health Systems Trust, Durban, South Africa.; Goliath C; Western Cape Government Department of Health and Wellness, Cape Town, South Africa.; Schneider H; School of Public Health and SAMRC Health Services to Systems Research Unit, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.

Publisher: South African Medical Association Country of Publication: South Africa NLM ID: 0404520 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2078-5135 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: S Afr Med J Subsets: In Process; MEDLINE

Barron, P.; Mahomed, H.; Masilela, T. C.; Vallabhjee, K.; Ndlovu, N.; Goliath, C.; Schneider, H.

SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL; OCT 2025, 115 9, p12-p12, 1p.

Gilson, L.; Vallabhjee, K.; Hawkridge, A.; Pienaar, D.; Naledi, T.; Brady, L.; Schneider, H.

In: Health Policy and Planning. (Health Policy and Planning, 1 December 2024, 39(10):1087-1098)

Vallabhjee, K.N.; Jinabhai, C.C.; Gouws, E.; Bradshaw, D.; Naidoo, K.

South African Medical Journal; Vol 87, No 10 (1997)

Brady, L.; Gilson, L.; Olivier, J.; Orgill, M.; Shung-King, M.; Whyle, E.; Cloete, K.; Engelbrecht, B.; Vallabhjee, K.; Ellokor, S.; George, A.; Lehmann, U.; Okeyo, I.; Schaay, N.; Schneider, H.

In: International Journal of Health Policy and Management. (International Journal of Health Policy and Management, March 2022, 11(3):323-333)

Engelbrecht, B.; Vallabhjee, K.; Gilson, L.; Barker, P.; Kantor, G.; Budden, M.; Parbhoo, A.; Lehmann, U.

In: International Journal of Health Planning and Management. (International Journal of Health Planning and Management, May 2021, 36:168-173)

Cloete, K.; Davies, M.-A.; Kariem, S.; Bouille, A.; Vallabhjee, K.; Chopra, M.

In: Journal of Global Health. (Journal of Global Health, 2021, 11)

Boulle, A.; Heekes, A.; Tiffin, N.; Smith, M.; Mutemaringa, T.; Zinyakatira, N.; Phelanyane, F.; Pienaar, C.; Buddiga, K.; Coetzee, E.; van Rooyen, R.; Dyers, R.; Fredericks, N.; Loff, A.; Shand, L.; Moodley, M.; de Vega, I.; Vallabhjee, K.

In: International Journal of Population Data Science. (International Journal of Population Data Science, 20 November 2019, 4(2))

Gilson, L.; Barasa, E.; Cloete, K.; Kasera, K.; Tsofa, B.; Vallabhjee, K.

In: Handbook of Health System Resilience. (Handbook of Health System Resilience, 1 January 2024, :380-402)

Davies MA; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.; Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Kassanjee R; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.; Rosseau P; National Department of Health, South Africa.; Morden E; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Johnson L; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.; Solomon W; National Department of Health, South Africa.; Hsiao NY; Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.; National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.; Hussey H; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Meintjes G; Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Paleker M; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University.; Jacobs T; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Raubenheimer P; Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Heekes A; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.; Dane P; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.; Bam JL; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Smith M; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.; Preiser W; National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.; Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.; Pienaar D; Rural Health Services, Western Cape Government: Health.; Mendelson M; Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Naude J; Mitchells Plain Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Schrueder N; Tygerberg Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.; Mnguni A; Khayelitsha District Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Roux SL; Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Murie K; Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Prozesky H; Tygerberg Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.; Mahomed H; Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University.; Metro Health Services, Western Cape Government: Health.; Rossouw L; Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Wasserman S; Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Maughan D; Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Boloko L; Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Smith B; Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Taljaard J; Tygerberg Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.; Symons G; Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Ntusi N; Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town.; Parker A; Tygerberg Hospital, Western Cape Government: Health.; Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.; Wolter N; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.; Jassat W; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.; Cohen C; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; Lessells R; KwaZulu-Natal Research, Innovation & Sequencing Platform, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.; Wilkinson RJ; The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, UK.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, UK.; Arendse J; Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Kariem S; Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Moodley M; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Vallabhjee K; Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Wolmarans M; National Department of Health, South Africa.; Cloete K; Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Boulle A; Health Intelligence, Western Cape Government: Health, South Africa.; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.; Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town.

Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101767986 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet NLM ISO Abbreviation: medRxiv Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

Schie, K.E.; Hazle, M.; Chatzkelowitz, K.; Spies, E.; Hyams, L.B.; Vallabhjee, A.L.; Singh, S.; Bell, N.C.; Maposa, I.

In: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. (International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 3 July 2020, 22(4):466-474)

Vallabhjee, K.N.; Jinabhai, C.C.; Naidoo, K.; Gouws, E.; Bradshaw, D.

In: South African Medical Journal. (South African Medical Journal, 1997, 87(10):1355-1359)

Baeten JM; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Palanee-Phillips T; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Brown ER; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Schwartz K; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Soto-Torres LE; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Govender V; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Mgodi NM; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Matovu Kiweewa F; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Nair G; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Mhlanga F; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Siva S; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Bekker LG; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Jeenarain N; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Gaffoor Z; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Martinson F; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Makanani B; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Pather A; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Naidoo L; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Husnik M; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Richardson BA; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Parikh UM; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Mellors JW; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Marzinke MA; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Hendrix CW; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; van der Straten A; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Ramjee G; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Chirenje ZM; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Nakabiito C; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Taha TE; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Jones J; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Mayo A; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Scheckter R; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Berthiaume J; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Livant E; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Jacobson C; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Ndase P; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; White R; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Patterson K; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Germuga D; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Galaska B; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Bunge K; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Singh D; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Szydlo DW; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Montgomery ET; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Mensch BS; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Torjesen K; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Grossman CI; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Chakhtoura N; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Nel A; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Rosenberg Z; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; McGowan I; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Hillier S; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE