부산대학교 도서관

Oskarsson, Viktor; Eliasson, Mats; Salomaa, Veikko; Reinikainen, Jaakko; Männistö, Satu; Palmieri, Luigi; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Sans, Susana; Costanzo, Simona; De Gaetano, Giovanni; Iacoviello, Licia; Veronesi, Giovanni; Ferrario, Marco M; Padro, Teresa; Thorand, Barbara; Huth, Cornelia; Zeller, Tanja; Blankenberg, Stefan; Anderson, Annie S; Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Söderberg, Stefan

British Journal of Nutrition. 128(11):2208-2218

Oskarsson V; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.; Salomaa V; Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; Jousilahti P; Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; Palmieri L; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità-ISS, Rome, Italy.; Donfrancesco C; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità-ISS, Rome, Italy.; Sans S; Formerly at the Department of Health, Generalitat of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.; Iacoviello L; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima (Bari), Italy.; Costanzo S; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.; Ferrario MM; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.; Cesana G; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.; Thorand B; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.; Peters A; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.; Tunstall-Pedoe H; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.; Woodward M; The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.; Zeller T; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany.; Blankenberg S; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany.; Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany.; Kuulasmaa K; Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; Söderberg S; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

Brunner, Fabian J.; Waldeyer, Christoph; Ojeda, Francisco; Salomaa, Veikko; Kee, Frank; Sans, Susana; Thorand, Barbara; Giampaoli, Simona; Brambilla, Paolo; Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh; Moitry, Marie; Iacoviello, Licia; Veronesi, Giovanni; Grassi, Guido; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Söderberg, Stefan; Linneberg, Allan; Brenner, Hermann; Amouyel, Philippe; Ferrieres, Jean; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Nikitin, Yuriy P.; Drygas, Wojciech; Melander, Olle; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Leistner, David M.; Shaw, Jonathan E.; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.; Simons, Leon A.; Kavousi, Maryam; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Dullaart, Robin P. F.; Wannamethee, S. Goya; Riserus, Ulf; Shea, Steven; de Lemos, James A.; Omland, Torbjorn; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Landmesser, Ulf; Blankenberg, Stefan; Zeller, T.; Lackner, K.; Wild, P.; Peters, A.; Meisinger, C.; Voelzke, H.; Doerr, M.; Nauck, M.; Schoettker, B.; Lorenz, T.; Makarova, N.; Schmidt, B.; Klotsche, J.; Koenig, W.; Kontto, J.; Mannisto, S.; Jaaskelainen, T.; Niiranen, T.; Jousilahti, P.; Metspalu, A.; Alver, M.; Donfrancesco, C.; Signorini, S. G.; Gianfagna, F.; Costanzo, S.; Woodward, M.; Dobson, A.; Giles, G.; Hodge, A.; Magliano, D. J.; Wilsgaard, T.; Lyngbakken, M. N.; Hveem, K.; Eliasson, M.; Engstrom, G.; Ingelsson, M.; Jorgensen, T.; Twerenbold, R.; Dallongeville, J.; Malyutina, S.; Pajak, A.; Bobak, M.; Whincup, P.; Pitsavos, C.; Benjamin, E. J.; Bakker, S. J. L.; Ikram, M. K.

The Lancet. 394(10215):2173-2183

Magnussen C; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Alegre-Diaz J; Experimental Medicine Research Unit from the School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City.; Al-Nasser LA; Department of Population Health, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Amouyel P; University Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospital University Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1167-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille, France.; Aviles-Santa L; Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD.; Bakker SJL; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.; Ballantyne CM; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.; Bernabé-Ortiz A; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.; Bobak M; Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London.; Boffetta P; Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.; Brenner H; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.; Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Brunström M; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.; Can G; Department of Public Health, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.; Carrillo-Larco RM; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta.; Checkley W; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.; Dallongeville J; Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, Lille, France.; De Bacquer D; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; de Gaetano G; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.; de Lemos JA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.; di Carluccio E; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Cardio-CARE, Davos, Switzerland.; Dobson A; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.; Donfrancesco C; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome.; Dörr M; Institute for Community Medicine, Study of Health in Pomerania-Klinisch-Epidemiologische Forschung, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; d'Orsi E; Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.; Drygas W; National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University, Lodz, Poland.; Calisia University, World Institute for Patient Safety, Kalisz, Poland.; Dullaart RPF; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.; Engström G; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Ferrario MM; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.; Ferrières J; Department of Cardiology, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, INSERM UMR 1295, Toulouse, France.; Figtree GA; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.; Cardiovascular Discovery Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.; Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.; Gaye B; Alliance for Medical Research in Africa, Dakar, Senegal.; Department of Medicine, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta.; Ghayour-Mobarhan M; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Goldbourt U; Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Gonzalez C; Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.; Gossling A; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Grassi G; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan.; Gupta PC; Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.; He J; Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, Dallas.; Hodge AM; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Hozawa A; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.; Hveem K; HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.; Department of Research and Education, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.; Iacoviello L; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy.; Ikram MK; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Inoue M; National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo.; Irazola V; Department of Research in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires.; Jobe M; Alliance for Medical Research in Africa, Dakar, Senegal.; Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia.; Jousilahti P; Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki.; Kaleebu P; MRC-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.; Kavousi M; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kee F; Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.; Khalili D; Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Metabolic and Obesity Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Klotsche J; German Rheumatism Research Center, Epidemiologic Unit, Berlin.; Koenig W; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, German Heart Center, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.; DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Kontsevaya A; National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow.; Kowlessur S; Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius.; Kuri-Morales P; Experimental Medicine Research Unit from the School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City.; Proyecto oriGen, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.; Kuulasmaa K; Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki.; Kweon SS; Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-eup, South Korea.; Lackner KJ; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Landmesser U; Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin.; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin.; Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center @Charité, Berlin.; DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin.; Leistner DM; Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Frankfurt, Germany.; DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany.; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.; Leiva Sisnieguez CE; Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.; Argentinian Society of Arterial Hypertension, Buenos Aires.; Leong D; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Lind L; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.; Linneberg A; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.; Lorenz T; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Alliance for Medical Research in Africa, Dakar, Senegal.; Lyngbakken MN; Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo.; Malekzadeh R; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Malyutina S; Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.; Mathiesen EB; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.; McElduff P; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.; Melander O; Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Metspalu A; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Miranda JJ; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.; CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.; Moitry M; Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.; Mugisha J; MRC-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.; Munzinger J; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Nalini M; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Nambi V; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital, Houston.; Nilsson PM; Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Ninomiya T; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.; Omland T; Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo.; Ong SK; PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.; Oppermann K; Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.; Pajak A; Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.; Palmieri L; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome.; Panagiotakos D; Harokopio University, Athens.; Park SK; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.; Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.; Pednekar MS; Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.; Perianayagam A; Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.; National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi, India.; Peters A; DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany.; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Munich-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany.; Poustchi H; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Prabhakaran D; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.; Center for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.; Prentice AM; Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia.; Prescott E; Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen.; Quyyumi A; Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Atlanta.; Risérus U; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.; Sakata S; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.; Salazar M; Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.; Argentinian Society of Arterial Hypertension, Buenos Aires.; Salomaa V; Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki.; Sans S; Department of Health, Generalitat of Catalonia, Barcelona.; Sattler ELP; Alliance for Medical Research in Africa, Dakar, Senegal.; Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens.; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens.; Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta.; Schöttker B; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.; Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Schutte AE; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.; George Institute for Global Health, Sydney.; Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.; Sepanlou SG; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Sharma SK; Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.; Shaw J; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Simons LA; University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Australia.; Söderberg S; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.; Tamosiunas A; Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Kaunas, Lithuania.; Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.; Tapia-Conyer R; Experimental Medicine Research Unit from the School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City.; Thorand B; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany.; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Munich-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany.; Tunstall-Pedoe H; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.; Tuomilehto J; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.; Twerenbold R; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Vanuzzo D; MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine, Italy.; Veronesi G; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.; Wannamethee SG; Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London.; Watanabe M; Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.; Weimann J; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Wild PS; Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Systems Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany.; Yao Y; Center for Healthy Aging Transdisciplinary Sciences, China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing.; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing.; Zeng Y; National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing.; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC.; Ziegler A; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Cardio-CARE, Davos, Switzerland.; School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.; Ojeda FM; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Blankenberg S; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Cardio-CARE, Davos, Switzerland.

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Hageman, S.; Pennells, L.; Ojeda, F.; Kaptoge, S.; Kuulasmaa, K.; de Vries, T.; Xu, Z.; Kee, F.; Chung, R.; Wood, A.; McEvoy, J. W.; Veronesi, G.; Bolton, T.; Dendale, P.; Ference, B. A.; Halle, M.; Timmis, A.; Vardas, P.; Danesh, J.; Graham, I.; Salomaa, V.; Visseren, F.; De Bacquer, D.; Blankenberg, S.; Dorresteijn, J.; Di Angelantonio, E.; Achenbach, S.; Aleksandrova, K.; Amiano, P.; Amouyel, P.; Andersson, J.; Bakker, S. J. L.; Costa, R. B. D.; Beulens, J. W. J.; Blaha, M.; Bobak, M.; Boer, J. M. A.; Bonet, C.; Bonnet, F.; Boutron-Ruault, M. C.; Braaten, T.; Brenner, H.; Brunner, F.; Brunner, E. J.; Brunstrom, M.; Buring, J.; Butterworth, A. S.; Capkova, N.; Cesana, G.; Chrysohoou, C.; Colorado-Yohar, S.; Cook, N. R.; Cooper, C.; Dahm, C. C.; Davidson, K.; Dennison, E.; Di Castelnuovo, A.; Donfrancesco, C.; Dorr, M.; Dorynska, A.; Eliasson, M.; Engstrom, G.; Ferrari, P.; Ferrario, M.; Ford, I.; Fu, Michael, 1963; Gansevoort, R. T.; Giampaoli, S.; Gillum, R. F.; de la Camara, A. G.; Grassi, G.; Hansson, Per-Olof, 1958; Huculeci, R.; Hveem, K.; Iacoviello, L.; Ikram, M. K.; Jorgensen, T.; Joseph, B.; Jousilahti, P.; Jukema, J. W.; Kaaks, R.; Katzke, V.; Kavousi, M.; Kiechl, S.; Klotsche, J.; Konig, W.; Kronmal, R. A.; Kubinova, R.; Kucharska-Newton, A.; Lall, K.; Lehmann, N.; Leistner, D.; Linneberg, A.; Pablos, D. L.; Lorenz, T.; Lu, W. T.; Luksiene, D.; Lyngbakken, M.; Magnussen, C.; Malyutina, S.; Ibanez, A. M.; Masala, G.; Mathiesen, E. B.; Matsushita, K.; Meade, T. W.; Melander, O.; Meyer, H. E.; Moons, K. G. M.; Moreno-Iribas, C.; Muller, D.; Munzel, T.; Nikitin, Y.; Nordestgaard, B. G.; Omland, T.; Onland, C.; Overvad, K.; Packard, C.; Pajak, A.; Palmieri, L.; Panagiotakos, D.; Panico, S.; Perez-Cornago, A.; Peters, A.; Pietila, A.; Pikhart, H.; Psaty, B. M.; Quarti-Trevano, F.; Garcia, J. R. Q.; Riboli, E.; Ridker, P. M.; Rodriguez, B.; Rodriguez-Barranco, M.; Rosengren, Annika, 1951; Roussel, R.; Sacerdote, C.; Sans, S.; Sattar, N.; Schiborn, C.; Schmidt, B.; Schottker, B.; Schulze, M.; Schwartz, J. E.; Selmer, R. M.; Shea, S.; Shipley, M. J.; Sieri, S.; Soderberg, S.; Sofat, R.; Tamosiunas, A.; Thorand, B.; Tillmann, T.; Tjonneland, A.; Tong, T. Y. N.; Trichopoulou, A.; Tumino, R.; Tunstall-Pedoe, H.; Tybjaerg-Hansen, A.; Tzoulaki, J.; van der Heijden, A.; van der Schouw, Y. T.; Verschuren, W. M. M.; Volzke, H.; Waldeyer, C.; Wareham, N. J.; Weiderpass, E.; Weidinger, F.; Wild, P.; Willeit, J.; Willeit, P.; Wilsgaard, T.; Woodward, M.; Zeller, T.; Zhang, D. D.; Zhou, B.

European Heart Journal. 42(25):2439-2454

Gnatiuc, L; Herrington, WG; Halsey, J; Tuomilehto, J; Fang, X; Kim, HC; De Bacquer, D; Dobson, AJ; Criqui, MH; Jacobs, DR, Jr; Leon, DA; Peters, SAE; Ueshima, H; Sherliker, P; Peto, R; Collins, R; Huxley, RR; Emberson, JR; Woodward, M; Lewington, S; Aoki, N; Arima, H; Arnesen, E; Aromaa, A; Assmann, G; Bachman, DL; Baigent, C; Bartholomew, H; Benetos, A; Bengtsson, C; Bennett, D; Björkelund, C; Blackburn, H; Bonaa, K; Boyle, E; Broadhurst, R; Carstensen, J; Chambless, L; Chen, Z; Chew, SK; Clarke, R; Cox, C; Curb, JD; D'Agostino, R; Date, C; Davey Smith, G; De Backer, G; Dhaliwal, SS; Duan, XF; Ducimetiere, P; Duffy, S; Eliassen, H; Elwood, P; Empana, J; Garcia-Palmieri, MH; Gazes, P; Giles, GG; Gillis, C; Goldbourt, U; Gu, DF; Guasch-Ferre, M; Guize, L; Haheim, L; Hart, C; Hashimoto, S; Hashimoto, T; Heng, D; Hjermann, I; Ho, SC; Hobbs, M; Hole, D; Holme, I; Horibe, H; Hozawa, A; Hu, F; Hughes, K; Iida, M; Imai, K; Imai, Y; Iso, H; Jackson, R; Jamrozik, K; Jee, SH; Jensen, G; Jiang, CQ; Johansen, NB; Jorgensen, T; Jousilahti, P; Kagaya, M; Keil, J; Keller, J; Kim, IS; Kita, Y; Kitamura, A; Kiyohara, Y; Knekt, P; Knuiman, M; Kornitzer, M; Kromhout, D; Kronmal, R; Lam, TH; Law, M; Lee, J; Leren, P; Levy, D; Li, YH; Lissner, L; Luepker, R; Luszcz, M; MacMahon, S; Maegawa, H; Marmot, M; Matsutani, Y; Meade, T; Morris, J; Morris, R; Murayama, T; Naito, Y; Nakachi, K; Nakamura, M; Nakayama, T; Neaton, J; Nietert, PJ; Nishimoto, Y; Norton, R; Nozaki, A; Ohkubo, T; Okayama, A; Pan, WH; Puska, P; Qizilbash, N; Reunanen, A; Rimm, E; Rodgers, A; Saitoh, S; Sakata, K; Sato, S; Schnohr, P; Schulte, H; Selmer, R; Sharp, D; Shifu, X; Shimamoto, K; Shipley, M; Silbershatz, H; Sorlie, p; Sritara, P; Suh, I; Sutherland, SE; Sweetnam, P; Tamakoshi, A; Tanaka, H; Thomsen, T; Tominaga, S; Tomita, M; Törnberg, S; Tunstall-Pedoe, H; Tverdal, A; Vartiainen, E; Wald, N; Wannamethee, SG; Welborn, TA; Whincup, P; Whitlock, G; Willett, W; Woo, J; Wu, ZL; Yao, SX; Yarnell, J; Yokoyama, T; Yoshiike, N; Zhang, XH

In The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology July 2018 6(7):538-546

Arnold, Natalie ; Goßling, Alina ; Weimann, Jessica ; Bay, Benjamin ; Zeller, Tanja ; Ferrario, Marco M. ; Palmieri, Luigi ; Amouyel, Philippe ; Moitry, Marie ; Ferrières, Jean ; Brenner, Hermann ; Tamosiunas, Abdonas ; Malyutina, Sofia ; Männistö, Satu ; Drygas, Wojciech ; Grassi, Guido ; Grimsgaard, Sameline ; Linneberg, Allan ; Söderberg, Stefan ; Iacoviello, Licia ; Sans, Susana ; Schnabel, Renate ; Veronesi, Giovanni ; Thorand, Barbara ; Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh ; Kee, Frank ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Kuulasmaa, Kari ; Blankenberg, Stefan ; Waldeyer, Christoph ; Ojeda, Francisco ; Magnussen, Christina ; Koenig, Wolfgang

In Atherosclerosis October 2025 409

Gregson, J.; Kaptoge, S.; Bolton, T.; Pennells, L.; Willeit, P.; Burgess, S.; Bell, S.; Sweeting, M.; Rimm, E. B.; Kabrhel, C.; Zoller, B.; Assmann, G.; Gudnason, V.; Folsom, A. R.; Arndt, V.; Fletcher, A.; Norman, P. E.; Nordestgaard, B. G.; Kitamura, A.; Mahmoodi, B. K.; Whincup, P. H.; Knuiman, M.; Salomaa, V.; Meisinger, C.; Koenig, W.; Kavousi, M.; Volzke, H.; Cooper, J. A.; Ninomiya, T.; Casiglia, E.; Rodriguez, B.; Ben-Shlomo, Y.; Despres, J. P.; Simons, L.; Barrett-Connor, E.; Notdurfter, M.; Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948; Kromhout, D.; Price, J.; Sutherland, S. E.; Sundstrom, J.; Kauhanen, J.; Gallacher, J.; Beulens, J. W. J.; Dankner, R.; Cooper, C.; Giampaoli, S.; Deen, J. F.; de la Camara, A. G.; Kuller, L. H.; Rosengren, Annika, 1951; Svensson, P. J.; Nagel, D.; Crespo, C. J.; Brenner, H.; Albertorio-Diaz, J. R.; Atkins, R.; Brunner, E. J.; Shipley, M.; Njolstad, I.; Lawlor, D. A.; van der Schouw, Y. T.; Selmer, R. M.; Trevisan, M.; Verschuren, W. M. M.; Greenland, P.; Wassertheil-Smoller, S.; Lowe, G. D. O.; Wood, A. M.; Butterworth, A. S.; Thompson, S. G.; Danesh, J.; Di Angelantonio, E.; Meade, T.; Rosamond, W.; Whitsel, E.; Cushman, M.; Barr, E. L. M.; Shaw, J. E.; Zimmet, P. Z.; Kiechl, S.; Weger, S.; Willeit, J.; Amuzu, A.; Dale, C.; Casas, J. P.; Tikhonoff, V.; Nietert, P.; Tybjaerg-Hansen, A.; Frikke-Schmidt, R.; Jensen, G. B.; Pablos, D. L.; Navia, P. C.; McLachlan, S.; Schottker, B.; Saum, K. U.; Holleczek, B.; Ariansen, I.; Meyer, H. E.; Haheim, L. L.; Vartiainen, E.; Jousilahti, P.; Harald, K.; Wilhelmsen, L.; Dennison, E.; Syddall, H.; Westbury, L.; Flicker, L.; Hankey, G. J.; Golledge, J.; Doi, Y.; Kiyohara, Y.; Elders, P.; Stehouwer, C.; Jensen, M.; Iso, H.; Yamagishi, K.; Sudhir, K.; Tuomainen, T. P.; Salonen, J. T.; Boer, J. M. A.; Blokstra, A.; Melander, O.; Nilsson, P. M.; Engstrom, G.; Palmieri, L.; Vanuzzo, D.; Peters, A.; Thorand, B.; Heier, M.; Hu, F. B.; Manson, J. E.; Meijer, K.; Gansevoort, R. T.; Schulte, H.; Sluijs, I.; Cantin, B.; Lamarche, B.; Dagenais, G. R.; McEvoy, L.; Laughlin, G.; Daniels, L. B.; Aspelund, T.; Gudmundsson, E. F.; Thorsson, B.; Leening, M. J. G.; Ikram, M. A.; Franco, O. H.; Tunstall-Pedoe, H.; Werner, A.; Devereux, R.; Jolly, S.; Smith, G. D.; Can, G.; Yuksel, H.; Altay, S.; Ingelsson, M.; Giedraitis, V.; Claessen, H.; Rothenbacher, D.; Parikh, N. I.; Eaton, C.; Kivimaki, M.; Feskens, E.; Geleijnse, J. M.; Spackman, S.; Walker, M.

JAMA Cardiology. 4(2):163-173

Neumann, J. T.; Twerenbold, R.; Ojeda, F.; Soerensen, N. A.; Chapman, A. R.; Shah, A. S. V.; Anand, A.; Boeddinghaus, J.; Nestelberger, T.; Badertscher, P.; Mokhtari, A.; Pickering, J. W.; Troughton, R. W.; Greenslade, J.; Parsonage, W.; Mueller-Hennessen, M.; Gori, T.; Jernberg, T.; Morris, N.; Liebetrau, C.; Hamm, C.; Katus, H. A.; Muenzel, T.; Landmesser, U.; Salomaa, V.; Iacoviello, L.; Ferrario, M. M.; Giampaoli, S.; Kee, F.; Thorand, B.; Peters, A.; Borchini, R.; Jorgensen, T.; Söderberg, Stefan; Sans, S.; Tunstall-Pedoe, H.; Kuulasmaa, K.; Renne, T.; Lackner, K. J.; Worster, A.; Body, R.; Ekelund, U.; Kavsak, P. A.; Keller, T.; Lindahl, B.; Wild, P.; Giannitsis, E.; Than, M.; Cullen, L. A.; Mills, N. L.; Mueller, C.; Zeller, T.; Westermann, D.; Blankenberg, S.

New England Journal of Medicine. 380(26):2529-2540

Pennells, Lisa; Kaptoge, Stephen; Wood, Angela; Sweeting, Mike; Zhao, Xiaohui; White, Ian; Burgess, Stephen; Willeit, Peter; Bolton, Thomas; Moons, Karel G. M.; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Selmer, Randi; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Assmann, Gerd; Amouyel, Philippe; Salomaa, Veikko; Kivimaki, Mika; Nordestgaard, Borge G.; Blaha, Michael J.; Kuller, Lewis H.; Brenner, Hermann; Gillum, Richard F.; Meisinger, Christa; Ford, Ian; Knuiman, Matthew W.; Rosengren, Annika; Lawlor, Debbie A.; Volzke, Henry; Cooper, Cyrus; Ibanez, Alejandro Marin; Casiglia, Edoardo; Kauhanen, Jussi; Cooper, Jackie A.; Rodriguez, Beatriz; Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Dankner, Rachel; Nietert, Paul J.; Davidson, Karina W.; Wallace, Robert B.; Blazer, Dan G.; Bjorkelund, Cecilia; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Krumholz, Harlan M.; Nissinen, Aulikki; Davis, Barry R.; Coady, Sean; Whincup, Peter H.; Jorgensen, Torben; Ducimetiere, Pierre; Trevisan, Maurizio; Engstrom, Gunnar; Crespo, Carlos J.; Meade, Tomw.; Visser, Marjolein; Kromhout, Daan; Kiechl, Stefan; Daimon, Makoto; Price, Jackie F.; de la Camara, Agustin Gomez; Jukema, J. Wouter; Lamarche, Benoit; Onat, Altan; Simons, Leon A.; Kavousi, Maryam; Ben-Shlomo, Yoav; Gallacher, John; Dekker, Jacqueline M.; Arima, Hisatomi; Shara, Nawar; Tipping, RobertW.; Roussel, Ronan; Brunner, Eric J.; Koenig, Wolfgang; Sakurai, Masaru; Pavlovic, Jelena; Gansevoort, Ron T.; Nagel, Dorothea; Goldbourt, Uri; Barr, Elizabeth L. M.; Palmieri, Luigi; Njolstad, Inger; Sato, Shinichi; Verschuren, W. M. Monique; Varghese, Cherian V.; Graham, Ian; Onuma, Oyere; Greenland, Philip; Woodward, Mark; Ezzati, Majid; Psaty, Bruce M.; Sattar, Naveed; Jackson, Rod; Ridker, Paul M.; Cook, Nancy R.; D'Agostino, Ralph B., Sr.; Thompson, Simon G.; Danesh, John; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele; Tipping, Robert W.; Simpson, Lara M.; Pressel, Sara L.; Couper, David J.; Nambi, Vijay; Matsushita, Kunihiro; Folsom, Aaron R.; Shaw, Jonathan E.; Magliano, Dianna J.; Zimmet, Paul Z.; Wannamethee, S. Goya; Willeit, Johann; Santer, Peter; Egger, Georg; Casas, Juan Pablo; Amuzu, Antointtte; Tikhonoff, Valerie; Sutherland, Susan E.; Cushman, Mary; Sogaard, Anne Johanne; Haheim, Lise Lund; Ariansen, Inger; Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne; Jensen, Gorm B.; Schnohr, Peter; Giampaoli, Simona; Vanuzzo, Diego; Panico, Salvatore; Balkau, Beverley; Bonnet, Fabrice; Marre, Michel; Herrera, Miguel Angel Rubio; Friedlander, Yechiel; McCallum, John; McLachlan, Stela; Guralnik, Jack; Phillips, Caroline L.; Wareham, Nick; Schottker, Ben; Saum, Kai-Uwe; Holleczek, Bernd; Tolonen, Hanna; Jousilahti, Pekka; Harald, Kennet; Massaro, Joseph M.; Pencina, Michael; Vasan, Ramachandran; Kayama, Takamasa; Kato, Takeo; Oizumi, Toshihide; Jespersen, Jorgen; Moller, Lars; Bladbjerg, Else Marie; Chetrit, A.; Wilhelmsen, Lars; Lissner, Lauren; Dennison, Elaine; Kiyohara, Yutaka; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Doi, Yasufumi; Nijpels, Giel; Stehouwer, Coen D. A.; Kazumasa, Yamagishi; Iso, Hiroyasu; Vartiainen, Erkki; Kurl, Sudhir; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka; Salonen, Jukka T.; Deeg, Dorly J. H.; Nilsson, Peter M.; Hedblad, Bo; Melander, Olle; De Boer, Ian H.; DeFilippis, Andrew Paul; Watt, Graham; Verschuren, Monique; Tverdal, Aage; Kirkland, Susan; Shimbo, Daichi; Shaffer, Jonathan; Bakker, Stephan J. L.; van der Harst, Pim; Hillege, Hans L.; Dallongeville, Jean; Schulte, Helmut; Trompet, Stella; Smit, Roelof A. J.; Stott, David J.; Despres, Jean-Pierre; Cantin, Bernard; Dagenais, Gilles R.; Laughlin, Gail; Wingard, Deborah; Aspelund, Thor; Eiriksdottir, Gudny; Gudmundsson, Elias Freyr; Ikram, Arfan; van Rooij, Frank J. A.; Franco, Oscar H.; Rueda-Ochoa, Oscar L.; Muka, Taulant; Glisic, Marija; Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh; Howard, Barbara V.; Zhang, Ying; Jolly, Stacey; Davey-Smith, George; Can, Gunay; Yuksel, Husniye; Nakagawa, Hideaki; Morikawa, Yuko; Miura, Katsuyuki; Ingelsson, Martin; Giedraitis, Vilmantas; Gaziano, J. Michael; Shipley, Martin; Arndt, Volker; Cook, Nancy; Geleijnse, Johanna M.

European Heart Journal. 40(7):621

Reinikainen J; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.; Kuulasmaa K; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.; Oskarsson V; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.; Amouyel P; Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.; Biasch K; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.; Brenner H; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; De Ponti R; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.; Donfrancesco C; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.; Drygas W; Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Heart Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.; Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, Warsaw, Poland.; Ferrieres J; Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR 1027, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.; Grassi G; Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.; Grimsgaard S; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.; Iacoviello L; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine-EPIMED, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.; Jousilahti P; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.; Kårhus LL; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Kee F; Centre for Public Health, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.; Linneberg A; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Luksiene D; Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.; Mariño J; Unit Quality in the Health Sciences (QIHS), Department SHIP-KEF, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; Moitry M; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.; Palmieri L; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.; Peters A; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.; Piwonska A; Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Heart Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.; Quarti-Trevano F; Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.; Salomaa V; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.; Sans S; Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain.; Schmidt CO; Unit Quality in the Health Sciences (QIHS), Department SHIP-KEF, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; Schöttker B; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Söderberg S; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.; Tamosiunas A; Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.; Thorand B; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.; Tunstall-Pedoe H; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.; Vanuzzo D; MONICA-FRIULI Study Group, Udine, Italy.; Veronesi G; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.; Woodward M; The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.; Lekadir K; Artifcial Intelligence in Medicine Lab (BCN AIM), Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Niiranen T; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101564430 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2047-4881 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20474873 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Prev Cardiol Subsets: MEDLINE

Wormser, David; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele; Kaptoge, Stephen; Wood, Angela M.; Gao, Pei; Sun, Qi; Walldius, Goeran; Selmer, Randi; Verschuren, W. M. Monique; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Engstrom, Gunnar; Ridker, Paul M.; Njolstad, Inger; Iso, Hiroyasu; Holme, Ingar; Giampaoli, Simona; Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh; Gaziano, J. Michael; Brunner, Eric; Kee, Frank; Tosetto, Alberto; Meisinger, Christa; Brenner, Hermann; Ducimetiere, Pierre; Whincup, Peter H.; Tipping, Robert W.; Ford, Ian; Cremer, Peter; Hofman, Albert; Wilhelmsen, Lars; Clarke, Robert; de Boer, Ian H.; Jukema, J. Wouter; Ibanez, Alejandro Marin; Lawlor, Debbie A.; D'Agostino, Ralph B., Sr.; Rodriguez, Beatriz; Casiglia, Edoardo; Stehouwer, Coen D. A.; Simons, Leon A.; Nietert, Paul J.; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.; Bjorkelund, Cecilia; Strandberg, Timo E.; Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia; Blazer, Dan G.; Meade, Tom W.; Welin, Lennart; Svärdsudd, Kurt; Woodward, Mark; Nissinen, Aulikki; Kromhout, Daan; Jorgensen, Torben; Tilvis, Reijo S.; Guralnik, Jack M.; Rosengren, Annika; Taylor, James O.; Kiechl, Stefan; Dagenais, Gilles R.; Fowkes, F. Gerry R.; Wallace, Robert B.; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Shaffer, Jonathan A.; Visser, Marjolein; Kauhanen, Jussi; Salonen, Jukka T.; Gallacher, John; Ben-Shlomo, Yoav; Kitamura, Akihiko; Sundström, Johan; Wennberg, Patrik; Kiyohara, Yutaka; Daimon, Makoto; Gomez de la Camara, Agustin; Cooper, Jackie A.; Onat, Altan; Devereux, Richard; Mukamal, Kenneth J.; Dankner, Rachel; Knuiman, Matthew W.; Crespo, Carlos J.; Gansevoort, Ron T.; Goldbourt, Uri; Nordestgaard, Borge G.; Shaw, Jonathan E.; Mussolino, Michael; Nakagawa, Hidaeki; Fletcher, Astrid; Kuller, Lewis H.; Gillum, Richard F.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Assmann, Gerd; Wald, Nicholas; Jousilahti, Pekka R.; Greenland, Philip; Trevisan, Maurizio; Ulmer, Hanno; Butterworth, Adam S.; Folsom, Aaron R.; Davey-Smith, George; Hu, Frank B.; Danesh, John; Tipping; Ford, CE; Simpson; Walldius, G; Jungner, I; Folsom, AR; Demerath; Franceschini, N; Lutsey; Panagiotakos, DB; Pitsavos, C; Chrysohoou, C; Stefanadis; Shaw, JE; Atkins, R; Zimmet, PZ; Barr, EL; Knuiman, MW; Whincup; Wannamethee; Morris; Willeit, J; Kiechl; Weger; Oberhollenzer, F; Wald, N; Ebrahim, S; Lawlor, DA; Gallacher, J; Ben-Shlomo; Yarnell; Casiglia; Tikhonoff; Greenland, P; Shay; Garside; Nietert; Sutherland, SE; Bachman, DL; Keil; de Boer, IH; Kizer, JR; Psaty, BM; Mukamal, KJ; Nordestgaard, BG; Tybjærg-Hansen A, A; Jensen, GB; Schnohr, P; Giampaoli, S; Palmieri; Panico; Pilotto, L; Vanuzzo, D; de la Cámara, AG; Simons, LA; Simons, J; McCallum, J; Friedlander; Gerry, F; Fowkes, R; Price, JF; Lee, AJ; Taylor, Taylor JO; Guralnik, JM; Phillips, CL; Kohout, FJ; Cornoni-Huntley, JC; Blazer, DG; Guralnik; Khaw, KT; Wareham, NJ; Brenner, H; Schöttker, B; Müller, H; Rothenbacher, D; Wennberg, P; Jansson, JH; Nissinen, A; Donfrancesco, C; Woodward, M; Vartiainen, E; Jousilahti, PR; Harald, K; Salomaa, V; D'Agostino, RB; Vasan, RS; Fox, CS; Pencina, MJ; Daimon, M; Oizumi, T; Kayama, T; Kato, T; Bladbjerg, EM; Danesh, J

International Journal of Epidemiology. 41(5):1419-1433

Emerging Risk Factors, Collaboration; Danesh, J.; Erqou, S.; Walker, M.; Thompson, S. G.; Tipping, R.; Ford, C.; Pressel, S.; Walldius, G.; Jungner, I.; Folsom, A. R.; Chambless, L. E.; Knuiman, M.; Whincup, P. H.; Wannamethee, S. G.; Morris, R. W.; Willeit, J.; Kiechl, S.; Santer, P.; Mayr, A.; Wald, N.; Ebrahim, S.; Lawlor, D. A.; Yarnell, J. W.; Gallacher, J.; Casiglia, E.; Tikhonoff, V.; Nietert, P. J.; Sutherland, S. E.; Bachman, D. L.; Keil, J. E.; Cushman, M.; Psaty, B. M.; Tracy, R. P.; Tybjaerg-Hansen, A.; Nordestgaard, B. G.; Frikke-Schmidt, R.; Giampaoli, S.; Palmieri, L.; Panico, S.; Vanuzzo, D.; Pilotto, L.; Simons, L.; McCallum, J.; Friedlander, Y.; Fowkes, F. G.; Lee, A. J.; Smith, F. B.; Taylor, J.; Guralnik, J.; Phillips, C.; Wallace, R.; Blazer, D.; Khaw, K. T.; Jansson, J. H.; Donfrancesco, C.; Salomaa, V.; Harald, K.; Jousilahti, P.; Vartiainen, E.; Woodward, M.; D'Agostino, R. B.; Wolf, P. A.; Vasan, R. S.; Pencina, M. J.; Bladbjerg, E. M.; Jorgensen, T.; Moller, L.; Jespersen, J.; Dankner, R.; Chetrit, A.; Lubin, F.; Rosengren, Annika, 1951; Wilhelmsen, Lars, 1932; Lappas, Georg, 1962; Eriksson, Henry, 1946; Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948; Cremer, P.; Nagel, D.; Tilvis, R.; Strandberg, T.; Rodriguez, B.; Bouter, L. M.; Heine, R. J.; Dekker, J. M.; Nijpels, G.; Stehouwer, C. D.; Rimm, E.; Pai, J.; Sato, S.; Iso, H.; Kitamura, A.; Noda, H.; Goldbourt, U.; Salonen, J. T.; Nyyssonen, K.; Tuomainen, T. P.; Deeg, D.; Poppelaars, J. L.; Meade, T.; Cooper, J.; Hedblad, B.; Berglund, G.; Engstrom, G.; Doring, A.; Koenig, W.; Meisinger, C.; Mraz, W.; Kuller, L.; Selmer, R.; Tverdal, A.; Nystad, W.; Gillum, R.; Mussolino, M.; Hankinson, S.; Manson, J.; De Stavola, B.; Knottenbelt, C.; Cooper, J. A.; Bauer, K. A.; Rosenberg, R. D.; Naito, Y.; Holme, I.; Nakagawa, H.; Miura, H.; Ducimetiere, P.; Jouven, X.; Crespo, C.; Garcia-Palmieri, M.; Amouyel, P.; Arveiler, D.; Evans, A.; Ferrieres, J.; Schulte, H.; Assmann, G.; Shepherd, J.; Packard, C.; Sattar, N.; Cantin, B.; Lamarche, B.; Despres, J. P.; Dagenais, G. R.; Barrett-Connor, E.; Wingard, D.; Bettencourt, R.; Gudnason, V.; Aspelund, T.; Sigurdsson, G.; Thorsson, B.; Trevisan, M.; Witteman, J.; Kardys, I.; Breteler, M.; Hofman, A.; Tunstall-Pedoe, H.; Tavendale, R.; Lowe, G. D.; Ben-Shlomo, Y.; Howard, B. V.; Zhang, Y.; Best, L.; Umans, J.; Onat, A.; Meade, T. W.; Njolstad, I.; Mathiesen, E.; Lochen, M. L.; Wilsgaard, T.; Gaziano, J. M.; Stampfer, M.; Ridker, P.; Ulmer, H.; Diem, G.; Concin, H.; Rodeghiero, F.; Tosetto, A.; Brunner, E.; Shipley, M.; Buring, J.; Cobbe, S. M.; Ford, I.; Robertson, M.; He, Y.; Ibanez, A. M.; Feskens, E. J.; Kromhout, D.; Collins, R.; Di Angelantonio, E.; Kaptoge, S.; Lewington, S.; Orfei, L.; Pennells, L.; Perry, P.; Ray, K.; Sarwar, N.; Scherman, M.; Thompson, A.; Watson, S.; Wensley, F.; White, I. R.; Wood, A. M.

Eur J Epidemiol. 22(12):839-69

Danesh, J.; Lewington, S.; Thompson, S. G.; Lowe, G. D.; Collins, R.; Kostis, J. B.; Wilson, A. C.; Folsom, A. R.; Wu, K.; Benderly, M.; Goldbourt, U.; Willeit, J.; Kiechl, S.; Yarnell, J. W.; Sweetnam, P. M.; Elwood, P. C.; Cushman, M.; Psaty, B. M.; Tracy, R. P.; Tybjaerg-Hansen, A.; Haverkate, F.; de Maat, M. P.; Fowkes, F. G.; Lee, A. J.; Smith, F. B.; Salomaa, V.; Harald, K.; Rasi, R.; Vahtera, E.; Jousilahti, P.; Pekkanen, J.; D'Agostino, R.; Kannel, W. B.; Wilson, P. W.; Tofler, G.; Arocha-Pinango, C. L.; Rodriguez-Larralde, A.; Nagy, E.; Mijares, M.; Espinosa, R.; Rodriquez-Roa, E.; Ryder, E.; Diez-Ewald, M. P.; Campos, G.; Fernandez, V.; Torres, E.; Marchioli, R.; Valagussa, F.; Rosengren, Annika, 1951; Wilhelmsen, L.; Lappas, Georg, 1962; Eriksson, H.; Cremer, P.; Nagel, D.; Curb, J. D.; Rodriguez, B.; Yano, K.; Salonen, J. T.; Nyyssonen, K.; Tuomainen, T. P.; Hedblad, B.; Lind, P.; Loewel, H.; Koenig, W.; Meade, T. W.; Cooper, J. A.; De Stavola, B.; Knottenbelt, C.; Miller, G. J.; Bauer, K. A.; Rosenberg, R. D.; Sato, S.; Kitamura, A.; Naito, Y.; Palosuo, T.; Ducimetiere, P.; Amouyel, P.; Arveiler, D.; Evans, A. E.; Ferrieres, J.; Juhan-Vague, I.; Bingham, A.; Schulte, H.; Assmann, G.; Cantin, B.; Lamarche, B.; Despres, J. P.; Dagenais, G. R.; Tunstall-Pedoe, H.; Woodward, M.; Ben-Shlomo, Y.; Davey Smith, G.; Palmieri, V.; Yeh, J. L.; Rudnicka, A.; Ridker, P.; Rodeghiero, F.; Tosetto, A.; Shepherd, J.; Ford, I.; Robertson, M.; Brunner, E.; Shipley, M.; Feskens, E. J.; Kromhout, D.; Dickinson, A.; Ireland, B.; Juzwishin, K.; Kaptoge, S.; Memon, A.; Sarwar, N.; Walker, M.; Wheeler, J.; White, I.; Wood, A.

JAMA. 294(14):1799-809

Magnussen C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ojeda FM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Leong DP; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Alegre-Diaz J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Amouyel P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Aviles-Santa L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; De Bacquer D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ballantyne CM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Bernabé-Ortiz A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Bobak M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Brenner H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Carrillo-Larco RM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; de Lemos J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Dobson A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Dörr M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Donfrancesco C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Drygas W; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Dullaart RP; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Engström G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ferrario MM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ferrières J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; de Gaetano G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Goldbourt U; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Gonzalez C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Grassi G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Hodge AM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Hveem K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Iacoviello L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ikram MK; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Irazola V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Jobe M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Jousilahti P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Kaleebu P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Kavousi M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Kee F; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Khalili D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Koenig W; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Kontsevaya A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Kuulasmaa K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Lackner KJ; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Leistner DM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Lind L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Linneberg A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Lorenz T; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Lyngbakken MN; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Malekzadeh R; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Malyutina S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Mathiesen EB; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Melander O; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Metspalu A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Miranda JJ; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Moitry M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Mugisha J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Nalini M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Nambi V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ninomiya T; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Oppermann K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; d'Orsi E; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Pająk A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Palmieri L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Panagiotakos D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Perianayagam A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Peters A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Poustchi H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Prentice AM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Prescott E; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Risérus U; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Salomaa V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Sans S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Sakata S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Schöttker B; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Schutte AE; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Sepanlou SG; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Sharma SK; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Shaw JE; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Simons LA; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Söderberg S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Tamosiunas A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Thorand B; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Tunstall-Pedoe H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Twerenbold R; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Vanuzzo D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Veronesi G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Waibel J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Wannamethee SG; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Watanabe M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Wild PS; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Yao Y; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Zeng Y; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ziegler A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Blankenberg S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.