학술논문
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'학술논문'
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Academic Journal
Kelly, Yvelynne P.; da Costa, Bruno R.; Beaubien-Souligny, William; Clark, Edward G.; Murray, Patrick T.; Nichol, Alistair; Wald, Ron; Bagshaw, Sean M.; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Eastwood, Glenn M.; Peck, Leah; Young, Helen; Kruger, Peter; Laurie, Gordon; Saylor, Emma; Meyer, Jason; Venz, Ellen; Wetzig, Krista; French, Craig; McGain, Forbes; Mulder, John; Fennessy, Gerard; Koottayi, Sathyajith; Bates, Samantha; Towns, Miriam; Morgan, Rebecca; Tippett, Anna; Udy, Andrew; Mason, Chris; Licari, Elisa; Gantner, Dashiell; McClure, Jason; McCracken, Phoebe; Board, Jasmin; Martin, Emma; Vallance, Shirley; Young, Meredith; Vladic, Chelsey; McGloughlin, Steve; Gattas, David; Buhr, Heidi; Coles, Jennifer; Hutch, Debra; Wun, James; Cole, Louise; Whitehead, Christina; Lowrey, Julie; Masters, Kristy; Gresham, Rebecca; Campbell, Victoria; Gutierrez, David; Brailsford, Jane; Forbes, Loretta; Murray, Lauren; Maguire, Teena; NiChonghaile, Martina; Orford, Neil; Bone, Allison; Elderkin, Tania; Salerno, Tania; Chimunda, Tim; Fletcher, Jason; Broadfield, Emma; Porwal, Sanjay; Knott, Cameron; Boschert, Catherine; Smith, Julie; Richardson, Angus; Hill, Dianne; Duke, Graeme; Oziemski, Peter; Cegarra, Santiago; Chan, Peter; Welsh, Deborah; Hunter, Stephanie; Roodenburg, Owen; Dyett, John; Kokotsis, Nicos; Moser, Max; Yang, Yang; Padayachee, Laven; Vetro, Joseph; Gangopadhyay, Himangsu; Kaufman, Melissa; Ghosh, Angaj; Said, Simone; Patel, Alpesh; Bihari, Shailesh; Matheson, Elisha; Jin, Xia; Shrestha, Tapaswi; Schwartz, Kate; Gallagher, Martin P.; Cross, Rosalba; Cheung, Winston; Wong, Helen; Kol, Mark; Shah, Asim; Wang, Amanda Y.; Endre, Zoltan; Bradford, Celia; Janin, Pierre; Finfer, Simon; Diel, Naomi; Gatward, Jonathan; Hammond, Naomi; Delaney, Anthony; Bass, Frances; Yarad, Elizabeth; Buscher, Hergen; Reynolds, Claire; Baker, Nerilee; Joannidis, Michael; Bellmann, Romuald; Peer, Andreas; Hasslacher, Julia; Koglberger, Paul; Klein, Sebastian; Zotter, Klemens; Brandtner, Anna; Finkenstedt, Armin; Ditlbacher, Adelheid; Hartig, Frank; Fries, Dietmar; Bachler, Mirjam; Schenk, Bettina; Wagner, Martin; Eller, Philipp; Staudinger, Thomas; Tiller, Esther; Schellongowski, Peter; Bojic, Andja; Hoste, Eric A.; Bracke, Stephanie; De Crop, Luc; Vermeiren, Daisy; Thome, Fernando; Chiella, Bianca; Fendt, Lucia; Antunes, Veronica; Lafrance, Jean-Philippe; Lamontagne, François; D'Aragon, Frédérick; St-Arnaud, Charles; Mayette, Michael; Carbonnaeu, Élaine; Marchand, Joannie; Masse, Marie-Hélène; Ladouceur, Marilène; Turgeon, Alexis F.; Lauzier, François; Bellemare, David; Francoeur, Charles Langis; LeBlanc, Guillaume; Guilbault, Gabrielle; Grenier, Stéphanie; Cloutier, Eve; Boivin, Annick; Delisle-Thibault, Charles; Giannakouros, Panagiota; Costerousse, Olivier; Cailhier, Jean-François; Carrier, François-Martin; Ghamraoui, Ali; Lebrasseur, Martine; Benettaib, Fatna; Salamé, Maya; Boumahni, Dounia; Sia, Ying Tung; Naud, Jean-François; Roy, Isabelle; Stelfox, Henry T.; Ruddell, Stacey; Manns, Braden J.; Duggan, Shelley; Carney, Dominic; Barchard, Jennifer; Whitlock, Richard P.; Belley-Cote, Emilie; Savija, Nevena; Sabev, Alexandra; Campbell, Troy; Creary, Thais; Devereaux, Kelson; Brodutch, Shira; Rigatto, Claudio; Paunovic, Bojan; Mooney, Owen; Glybina, Anna; Harasemiw, Oksana; Di Nella, Michelle; Harmon, John; Mehta, Navdeep; Lakatos, Louis; Haslam, Nicole; Lellouche, Francois; Simon, Mathieu; Tung, Ying; Lizotte, Patricia; Bourchard, Pierre-Alexandre; Rochwerg, Bram; Karachi, Tim; Millen, Tina; Muscedere, John; Maslove, David; Boyd, J. Gordon; Sibley, Stephanie; Drover, John; Hunt, Miranda; Georgescu, Ilinca; Wax, Randy; Lenga, Ilan; Sridhar, Kavita; Steele, Andrew; Fusco, Kelly; Ghate, Taneera; Tolibas, Michael; Robinson, Holly; Weir, Matthew A.; Taneja, Ravi; Ball, Ian M.; Garg, Amit; Campbell, Eileen; Ovsenek, Athena; van Diepen, Sean; Baig, Nadia; Magder, Sheldon; Yao, Han; Alam, Ahsan; Campisi, Josie; MacIntyre, Erika; Rokosh, Ella; Scherr, Kimberly; Lapinsky, Stephen; Mehta, Sangeeta; Shah, Sumesh; Niven, Daniel J.; Russell, Michael; Jim, Kym; Brown, Gillian; Oxtoby, Kerry; Hall, Adam; Benoit, Luc; Sokolowski, Colleen; Prasad, Bhanu; Rao, Jag; Giebel, Shelley; Kutsogiannis, Demetrios J.; Thompson, Patricia; Thompson, Tayne; Cirone, Robert; Kavikondala, Kanthi; Soth, Mark; Clarke, France; Takaoka, Alyson; Mazer, David; Burns, Karen; Friedrich, Jan; Klein, David; Sandhu, Gyan; Santos, Marlene; Khalid, Imrana; Hodder, Jennifer; Dodek, Peter; Ayas, Najib; Alcuaz, Victoria; Suen, Gabriel; Rewa, Oleksa; Singh, Gurmeet; Norris, Sean; Gibson, Neil; Arias, Castro; Shami, Aysha; Pelletier, Celine; Adhikari, Neill K. J.; Zahirieh, Alireza; Amaral, Andre; Marinoff, Nicole; Kaur, Navjot; Perez, Adic; Wang, Jane; Haljan, Gregory; Condin, Christopher; McIntyre, Lauralyn; Gomes, Brigette; Porteous, Rebecca; Watpool, Irene; Hiremath, Swapnil; Clark, Edward; Herridge, Margaret S.; Backhouse, Felicity; Wilcox, M. Elizabeth; Walczak, Karolina; Ki, Vincent; Sharman, Asheer; Romano, Martin; Gibney, R. T. Noel; Romanovsky, Adam S.; McCoshen, Lorena; Wood, Gordon; Ovakim, Daniel; Auld, Fiona; Carney, Gayle; Duan, Meili; Ji, Xiaojun; Guo, Dongchen; Qi, Zhili; Lin, Jin; Zhang, Meng; Dong, Lei; Liu, Jingfeng; Liu, Pei; Zhi, Deyuan; Bai, Guoqiang; Qiu, Yu; Yang, Ziqi; Bai, Jing; Liu, Zhuang; Zhuang, Haizhou; Wang, Haiman; Li, Jian; Zhao, Mengya; Zhou, Xiao; Shi, Xianqing; Ye, Baning; Liu, Manli; Wu, Jing; Fu, Yongjian; Long, Dali; Pan, Yu; Wang, Jinlong; Mei, Huaxian; Zhang, Songsong; Wen, Mingxiang; Yang, Enyu; Mu, Sijie; Li, Jianquan; Hu, Tingting; Qin, Bingyu; Li, Min; Wang, Cunzhen; Dong, Xin; Wang, Kaiwu; Wang, Haibo; Yang, Jianxu; Du, Bin; Wang, Chuanyao; Wang, Dongxin; Li, Nan; Yu, Zhui; Xu, Song; Yao, Lan; Hou, Guo; Liu, Zhou; Lu, Liping; Lian, Yingtao; Wang, Chunting; Zhang, Jichen; Ding, Ruiqi; Qi, Guoqing; Wang, Qizhi; Wang, Peng; Meng, Zhaoli; Chen, Man; Hu, Xiaobo; He, Xiandi; Zhao, Shibing; Hang, Lele; Li, Rui; Qin, Suhui; Lu, Kun; Dun, Shijuan; Liu, Cheng; Zhou, Qi; Chen, Zhenzhen; Mei, Jing; Zhang, Minwei; Xu, Hao; Lin, Jincan; Shi, Qindong; Fu, Lijuan; Zeng, Qinjing; Ma, Hongye; Yan, Jinqi; Gao, Lan; Liu, Hongjuan; Zhang, Lei; Li, Hao; He, Xiaona; Fan, Jingqun; Guo, Litao; Liu, Yu; Wang, Xue; Sun, Jingjing; Liu, Zhongmin; Yang, Juan; Ding, Lili; Sheng, Lulu; Liu, Xingang; Yan, Jie; Wang, Quihui; Wang, Yifeng; Zhao, Dan; Zhao, Shuangping; Hu, Chenghuan; Li, Jing; Deng, Fuxing; Qiu, Haibo; Yang, Yi; Mo, Min; Pan, Chun; Wu, Changde; Huang, Yingzi; Huang, Lili; Liu, Airan; Pettilä, Ville; Vaara, Suvi T.; Korhonen, Anna-Maija; Törnblom, Sanna; Sutinen, Sari; Pettilä, Leena; Heinonen, Jonna; Lappi, Eliria; Suhonen, Taria; Karlsson, Sari; Hoppu, Sanna; Jalkanen, Ville; Kuitunen, Anne; Levoranta, Markus; Långsjö, Jaakko; Ristimäki, Sanna; Malila, Kaisa; Wootten, Anna; Varila, Simo; Järvisalo, Mikko J.; Inkinen, Outi; Kentala, Satu; Leivo, Keijo; Haltia, Paivi; Dreyfuss, Didier; Ricard, Jean-Damien; Messika, Jonathan; Tiagarajah, Abirami; Emery, Malo; Dechanet, Aline; Gernez, Coralie; Roux, Damien; Martin-Lefevre, Laurent; Fiancette, Maud; Vinatier, Isabelle; Lacherade, Jean Claude; Colin, Gwenhaël; Lebert, Christine; Azais, Marie-Ange; Yehia, Aihem; Pouplet, Caroline; Lagarrigue, Matthieu Henry-; Seguin, Amélie; Crosby, Laura; Maizel, Julien; Titeca-Beauport, Dimitri; Combes, Alain; Nieszkowska, Ania; Masi, Paul; Demoule, Alexandre; Mayaux, Julien; Dres, Martin; Morawiec, Elise; Decalvele, Maxens; Demiri, Suela; Faure, Morgane; Marios, Clémence; Mallet, Maxime; Ordon, Marie Amélie; Morizot, Laura; Cantien, Marie; Pousset, François; Gaudry, Stéphane; Poirson, Florent; Cohen, Yves; Argaud, Laurent; Cour, Martin; Bitker, Laurent; Simon, Marie; Hernu, Romain; Baudry, Thomas; De La Salle, Sylvie; Robine, Adrien; Sedillot, Nicholas; Tchenio, Xavier; Bouisse, Camille; Roux, Sylvie; Barbar, Saber Davide; Trusson, Rémi; Tamion, Fabienne; Grangé, Steven; Carpentier, Dorothée; Chevrel, Guillaume; Ensenyat-Martin, Luis; Marque, Sophie; Quenot, Jean-Pierre; Andreu, Pascal; Dargent, Auguste; Large, Audrey; Chudeau, Nicolas; Landais, Mickael; Derrien, Benoit; Callahan, Jean Christophe; Guitton, Christophe; Le Moal, Charlène; Robert, Alain; Asehnoune, Karim; Cinotti, Raphaël; Grillot, Nicolas; Demeure, Dominique; Vinsonneau, Christophe; Rahmani, Imen; Marzouk, Mehdi; Dekeyser, Thibault; Sejourne, Caroline; Verlay, Mélanie; Thevenin, Fabienne; Delecolle, Lucie; Thevenin, Didier; Souweine, Bertrand; Coupez, Elisabeth; Adda, Mireille; Eraldi, Jean-Pierre; Marchalot, Antoine; De Prost, Nicolas; Dessap, Armand Mekontso; Razazi, Keyvan; Meziani, Ferhat; Boisrame-Helms, Julie; Clere-Jehl, Raphael; Delabranche, Xavier; Kummerlen, Christine; Merdji, Hamid; Monnier, Alexandra; Rabouel, Yannick; Rahmani, Hassene; Allam, Hayat; Chenaf, Samir; Franja, Vincenta; Pons, Bertrand; Carles, Michel; Martino, Frédéric; Richard, Régine; Zuber, Benjamin; Lacave, Guillaume; Lakhal, Karim; Rozec, Bertrand; Van, Hoa Dang; Boulet, Éric; Fadel, Fouad; Cleophax, Cedric; Dufour, Nicolas; Grant, Caroline; Thuong, Marie; Reignier, Jean; Canet, Emmanuel; Nicolet, Laurent; Boulain, Thierry; Nay, Mai-Anh; Benzekri, Dalila; Barbier, François; Bretagnol, Anne; Kamel, Toufik; Mathonnet, Armelle; Muller, Grégoire; Skarzynski, Marie; Rossi, Julie; Pradet, Amandine; Dos Santos, Sandra; Guery, Aurore; Muller, Lucie; Felix, Luis; Bohé, Julien; Thiéry, Guillaume; Aissaoui, Nadia; Vimpere, Damien; Commeureuc, Morgane; Diehl, Jean-Luc; Guerot, Emmanuel; Liangos, Orfeas; Wittig, Monika; Zarbock, Alexander; Küllmar, Mira; van Waegeningh, Thomas; Rosenow, Nadine; Nichol, Alistair D.; Brickell, Kathy; Doran, Peter; Landoni, Giovanni; Lembo, Rosalba; Zangrillo, Alberto; Monti, Giacomo; Tozzi, Margherita; Marzaroli, Matteo; Lombardi, Gaetano; Paternoster, Gianluca; Vitiello, Michelangelo; McGuinness, Shay; Parke, Rachael; Butler, Magdalena; Gilder, Eileen; Cowdrey, Keri-Anne; Wallace, Samantha; Hallion, Jane; Woolett, Melissa; Neal, Philippa; Duffy, Karina; Long, Stephanie; McArthur, Colin; Simmonds, Catherine; Chen, Yan; McConnochie, Rachael; Newby, Lynette; Knight, David; Henderson, Seton; Mehrtens, Jan; Morgan, Stacey; Morris, Anna; Vander Hayden, Kymbalee; Burke, Tara; Bailey, Matthew; Freebairn, Ross; Chadwick, Lesley; Park, Penelope; Rolls, Christine; Thomas, Liz; Buehner, Ulrike; Williams, Erin; Albrett, Jonathan; Kirkham, Simon; Jackson, Carolyn; Browne, Troy; Goodson, Jennifer; Jackson, David; Houghton, James; Callender, Owen; Higson, Vicki; Keet, Owen; Dominy, Clive; Young, Paul; Hunt, Anna; Judd, Harriet; Lawrence, Cassie; Olatunji, Shaanti; Robertson, Yvonne; Latimer-Bell, Charlotte; Hendry, Deborah; Mckay-Vucago, Agnes; Beehre, Nina; Lesona, Eden; Navarra, Leanlove; Robinson, Chelsea; Jang, Ryan; Junge, Andrea; Lambert, Bridget; Schneider, Antoine G.; Thibault, Michel; Eckert, Philippe; Kissling, Sébastien; Polychronopoulos, Erietta; Poli, Elettra; Altarelli, Marco; Schnorf, Madeleine; Mallaird, Samia Abed; Heidegger, Claudia; Perret, Aurelie; Montillier, Philippe; Sangla, Frederic; Neils, Seigenthaller; De Watteville, Aude; Phull, Mandeep-Kaur; George, Aparna; Hussain, Nauman; Pogreban, Tatiana; Lobaz, Steve; Daniels, Alison; Cunningham, Mishell; Kerr, Deborah; Nicholson, Alice; Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep; Abrams, Judith; Manso, Katarina; Hambrook, Geraldine; McKerrow, Elizabeth; Salva, Juvy; Foulkes, Stephen; Wise, Matthew; Morgan, Matt; Brooks, Jenny; Cole, Jade; Davies, Tracy Michelle; Hill, Helen; Thomas, Emma; Vizcaychipi, Marcela; Baharlo, Behrad; Carungcong, Jaime; Costa, Patricia; Martins, Laura; Kapoor, Ritoo; Hazelton, Tracy; Moon, Angela; Musselwhite, Janine; Shelley, Ben; McCall, Philip; Ostermann, Marlies; Arbane, Gill; Bociek, Aneta; Marotti, Martina; Lim, Rosario; Campos, Sara; Novellas, Neus Grau; Cennamo, Armando; Slack, Andrew; Wyncoll, Duncan; Camporota, Luigi; Sparkes, Simon; Tilley, Rosalinde; Rattray, Austin; Moreland, Gayle; Duffy, Jane; McGonigal, Elizabeth; Hopkins, Philip; Finney, Clare; Smith, John; Noble, Harriet; Watson, Hayley; Harris, Claire-Louise; Clarey, Emma; Corcoran, Eleanor; Beck, James; Howcroft, Clare; Youngs, Nora; Wilby, Elizabeth; Ogg, Bethan; Wolverson, Adam; Lee, Sandra; Butler, Susie; Okubanjo, Maryanne; Hindle, Julia; Welters, Ingeborg; Williams, Karen; Johnson, Emily; Patrick-Heselton, Julie; Shaw, David; Waugh, Victoria; Stewart, Richard; Mwaura, Esther; Wren, Lynn; Mew, Louise; Sutherland, Sara-Beth; Adderley, Jane; Ruddy, Jim; Harkins, Margaret; Kaye, Callum; Scott, Teresa; Mitchell, Wendy; Anderson, Felicity; Willox, Fiona; Jagannathan, Vijay; Clark, Michele; Purv, Sarah; Sharman, Andrew; Meredith, Megan; Ryan, Lucy; Conner, Louise; Peters, Cecilia; Harvey, Dan; Roshdy, Ashraf; Collins, Amy; Sim, Malcolm; Henderson, Steven; Chee, Nigel; Pitts, Sally; Bowman, Katie; Dilawershah, Maria; Vamplew, Luke; Howe, Elizabeth; Rogers, Paula; Hernandez, Clara; Prendergast, Clara; Benton, Jane; Rosenberg, Alex; Forni, Lui G.; Grant, Alice; Carvelli, Paula; Raithatha, Ajay; Bird, Sarah; Richardson, Max; Needham, Matthew; Hirst, Claire; Ball, Jonathan; Leaver, Susannah; Howlett, Luisa; Delgado, Carlos Castro; Farnell-Ward, Sarah; Farrah, Helen; Gray, Geraldine; Joseph, Gipsy; Robinson, Francesca; Tridente, Ascanio; Harrop, Clare; Shuker, Karen; McLaughlan, Derek; Ramsey, Judith; Meehan, Sharon; Rose, Bernd Oliver; Reece-Anthony, Rosie; Gurung, Babita; Whitehouse, Tony; Snelson, Catherine; Veenith, Tonny; Johnston, Andy; Cooper, Lauren; Carrera, Ron; Ellis, Karen; Fellows, Emma; Harkett, Samanth; Bergin, Colin; Spruce, Elaine; Despy, Liesl; Goundry, Stephanie; Dooley, Natalie; Mason, Tracy; Clark, Amy; Dignam, Gemma; Ward, Geraldine; Attwood, Ben; Parsons, Penny; Mason, Sophie; Margarson, Michael; Lord, Jenny; McGlone, Philip; Hodgson, Luke E.; Chadbourn, Indra; Gomez, Raquel; Margalef, Jordi; Pretorius, Rinus; Hamshere, Alexandra; Carter, Joseph; Cahill, Hazel; Grainger, Lia; Howard, Kate; Forshaw, Greg; Guy, Zoe; Kashani, Kianoush B.; Albright, Robert C.; Amsbaugh, Amy; Stoltenberg, Anita; Niven, Alexander S.; Lynch, Matthew; O'Mara, AnnMarie; Naeem, Syed; Sharif, Sairah; Goulart, Joyce McKenney; Tolwani, Ashita; Lyas, Claretha; Latta, Laura; Bihorac, Azra; Hashemighouchani, Haleh; Efron, Philip; Ruppert, Matthew; Cupka, Julie; Kiley, Sean; Carson, Joshua; White, Peggy; Omalay, George; Brown, Sherry; Velez, Laura; Marceron, Alina; Neyra, Javier A.; Aycinena, Juan Carlos; Elias, Madona; Ortiz-Soriano, Victor M.; Hauschild, Caroline; Dorfman, Robert
Critical Care. December 29, 2025, Vol. 29 Issue 1
Academic Journal
Dionne JC; Departments of Medicine, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Johnstone J; Departments of Medicine, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Heels-Ansdell D; Departments of Medicine, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Tahvildar Khazaneh P; Departments of Medicine, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Zytaruk N; Departments of Medicine, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Clarke F; Department of Critical Care, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Hand L; Department of Critical Care, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Millen T; Department of Critical Care, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Dechert W; Intensive Care Unit, Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON, Canada.; Porteous R; Department of Critical Care, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Civic Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.; Auld F; Intensive Care Unit, Vancouver Island Health Authority, Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.; Hunt M; Department of Critical Care, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.; Campbell E; Intensive Care Unit, London Health Sciences Victoria Site, London, ON, Canada.; Bentall T; Intensive Care Unit, London Health Sciences University Hospital, London, ON, Canada.; Campbell T; Intensive Care Unit, Joseph Brant Hospital, Burlington, ON, Canada.; Smith O; Department of Critical Care, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Rose L; Department of Critical Care, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.; Arabi YM; Department of Critical Care, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Duan E; Departments of Medicine, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Wilcox ME; Department of Critical Care, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.; McIntyre L; Department of Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.; Rochwerg B; Departments of Medicine, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Karachi T; Departments of Medicine, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Adhikari NK; Department of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Charbonney E; Department of Critical Care, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.; St-Arnaud C; Department of Critical Care, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.; Kristof A; Department of Critical Care, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.; Khwaja K; Department of Critical Care, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.; Marquis F; Department of Critical Care, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.; Zarychanski R; Department of Critical Care, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Golan E; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Cook D; Departments of Medicine, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0355501 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1530-0293 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00903493 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Crit Care Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Academic Journal
Allam-Ndoul B; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Mediators Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Pulido-Mateos EC; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Bégin F; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médicine (FMED), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; St-Arnaud G; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Mediators Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Tinoco Mar BA; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Mediators Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Mayer T; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Mediators Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Dumais E; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médicine (FMED), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Mediators Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Flamand N; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médicine (FMED), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Mediators Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Raymond F; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Mediators Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Roy D; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Desjardins Y; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Di Marzo V; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médicine (FMED), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Mediators Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Unité Mixte Internationale en Recherche Chimique et Biomoléculaire sur le Microbiome et son Impact sur la Santé Métabolique et la Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu) entre l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada, et le Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB-CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy.; Veilleux A; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec,Québec, Canada.; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.; Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Mediators Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
Publisher: American Physiological Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100901227 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1522-1547 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01931857 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Academic Journal
Verlinden L; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium. Lieve.Verlinden@kuleuven.be.; Doms S; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.; Janssens I; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.; Rillaerts K; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.; St-Arnaud R; Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, QC, H4A 0A9, Canada.; Evenepoel P; Laboratory of Nephrology, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; David K; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.; Decallonne B; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.; Verstuyf A; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Italy NLM ID: 7806594 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1720-8386 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03914097 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Endocrinol Invest Subsets: MEDLINE
Academic Journal
Vaara, Suvi T.; Serpa Neto, Ary; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Adhikari, Neill K. J.; Dreyfuss, Didier; Gallagher, Martin; Gaudry, Stephane; Hoste, Eric; Joannidis, Michael; Pettilä, Ville; Wang, Amanda Y.; Kashani, Kianoush; Wald, Ron; Bagshaw, Sean M.; Ostermann, Marlies; Bagshaw, Sean M; Wald, Ron; Adhikari, Neill K.J.; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Dreyfuss, Didier; Du, Bin; Gallagher, Martin P.; Gaudry, Stéphane; Hoste, Eric A.; Lamontagne, François; Joannidis, Michael; Liu, Kathleen D.; McAuley, Daniel F.; McGuinness, Shay P.; Nichol, Alistair D.; Ostermann, Marlies; Palevsky, Paul M.; Qiu, Haibo; Pettilä, Ville; Schneider, Antoine G.; Smith, Orla M.; Vaara, Suvi T.; Weir, Matthew; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Eastwood, Glenn M.; Peck, Leah; Young, Helen; Kruger, Peter; Laurie, Gordon; Saylor, Emma; Meyer, Jason; Venz, Ellen; Wetzig, Krista; French, Craig; McGain, Forbes; Mulder, John; Fennessy, Gerard; Koottayi, Sathyajith; Bates, Samantha; Towns, Miriam; Morgan, Rebecca; Tippett, Anna; Udy, Andrew; Mason, Chris; Licari, Elisa; Gantner, Dashiell; McClure, Jason; Nichol, Alistair; McCracken, Phoebe; Board, Jasmin; Martin, Emma; Vallance, Shirley; Young, Meredith; Vladic, Chelsey; McGloughlin, Steve; Gattas, David; Buhr, Heidi; Coles, Jennifer; Hutch, Debra; Wun, James; Cole, Louise; Whitehead, Christina; Lowrey, Julie; Masters, Kristy; Gresham, Rebecca; Campbell, Victoria; Gutierrez, David; Brailsford, Jane; Forbes, Loretta; Murray, Lauren; Maguire, Teena; NiChonghaile, Martina; Orford, Neil; Bone, Allison; Elderkin, Tania; Salerno, Tania; Chimunda, Tim; Fletcher, Jason; Broadfield, Emma; Porwal, Sanjay; Knott, Cameron; Boschert, Catherine; Smith, Julie; Richardson, Angus; Hill, Dianne; Duke, Graeme; Oziemski, Peter; Cegarra, Santiago; Chan, Peter; Welsh, Deborah; Hunter, Stephanie; Roodenburg, Owen; Dyett, John; Kokotsis, Nicos; Moser, Max; Yang, Yang; Padayachee, Laven; Vetro, Joseph; Gangopadhyay, Himangsu; Kaufman, Melissa; Ghosh, Angaj; Said, Simone; Patel, Alpesh; Bihari, Shailesh; Matheson, Elisha; Jin, Xia; Shrestha, Tapaswi; Schwartz, Kate; Gallagher, Martin P.; Cross, Rosalba; Cheung, Winston; Wong, Helen; Kol, Mark; Shah, Asim; Wang, Amanda Y.; Endre, Zoltan; Bradford, Celia; Janin, Pierre; Finfer, Simon; Diel, Naomi; Gatward, Jonathan; Hammond, Naomi; Delaney, Anthony; Bass, Frances; Yarad, Elizabeth; Buscher, Hergen; Reynolds, Claire; Baker, Nerilee; Joannidis, Michael; Bellmann, Romuald; Peer, Andreas; Hasslacher, Julia; Koglberger, Paul; Klein, Sebastian; Zotter, Klemens; Brandtner, Anna; Finkenstedt, Armin; Ditlbacher, Adelheid; Hartig, Frank; Fries, Dietmar; Bachler, Mirjam; Schenk, Bettina; Wagner, Martin; Staudinger, Thomas; Tiller, Esther; Schellongowski, Peter; Bojic, Andja; Hoste, Eric A.; Bracke, Stephanie; De Crop, Luc; Vermeiren, Daisy; Thome, Fernando; Chiella, Bianca; Fendt, Lucia; Antunes, Veronica; Maisonneuve-Rosemont; Lafrance, Jean-Philippe; Lamontagne, François; D’Aragon, Frédérick; St-Arnaud, Charles; Mayette, Michael; Carbonnaeu, Élaine; Marchand, Joannie; Masse, Marie-Hélène; Ladouceur, Marilène; Turgeon, Alexis F.; Lauzier, François; Bellemare, David; Langis Francoeur, Charles; LeBlanc, Guillaume; Guilbault, Gabrielle; Grenier, Stéphanie; Cloutier, Eve; Boivin, Annick; Delisle-Thibault, Charles; Giannakouros, Panagiota; Costerousse, Olivier; Cailhier, Jean-François; Carrier, François-Martin; Ghamraoui, Ali; Lebrasseur, Martine; Benettaib, Fatna; Salamé, Maya; Boumahni, Dounia; Tung Sia, Ying; Naud, Jean-François; Roy, Isabelle; Stelfox, Henry T.; Ruddell, Stacey; Manns, Braden J.; Duggan, Shelley; Carney, Dominic; Barchard, Jennifer; Whitlock, Richard P.; Belley-Cote, Emilie; Savija, Nevena; Sabev, Alexandra; Campbell, Troy; Creary, Thais; Devereaux, Kelson; Brodutch, Shira; Rigatto, Claudio; Paunovic, Bojan; Mooney, Owen; Glybina, Anna; Harasemiw, Oksana; Di Nella, Michelle; Harmon, John; Mehta, Navdeep; Lakatos, Louis; Haslam, Nicole; Lellouche, Francois; Simon, Mathieu; Tung, Ying; Lizotte, Patricia; Bourchard, Pierre-Alexandre; Rochwerg, Bram; Karachi, Tim; Millen, Tina; Muscedere, John; Maslove, David; Gordon Boyd, J.; Sibley, Stephanie; Drover, John; Hunt, Miranda; Georgescu, Ilinca; Wax, Randy; Lenga, Ilan; Sridhar, Kavita; Steele, Andrew; Fusco, Kelly; Ghate, Taneera; Tolibas, Michael; Robinson, Holly; Weir, Matthew A.; Taneja, Ravi; Ball, Ian M.; Garg, Amit; Campbell, Eileen; Ovsenek, Athena; Bagshaw, Sean M.; van Diepen, Sean; Baig, Nadia; Magder, Sheldon; Yao, Han; Alam, Ahsan; Campisi, Josie; MacIntyre, Erika; Rokosh, Ella; Scherr, Kimberly; Lapinsky, Stephen; Mehta, Sangeeta; Shah, Sumesh; Niven, Daniel J.; Stelfox, Henry T.; Ruddell, Stacey; Russell, Michael; Jim, Kym; Brown, Gillian; Oxtoby, Kerry; Hall, Adam; Benoit, Luc; Sokolowski, Colleen; Prasad, Bhanu; Rao, Jag; Giebel, Shelley; Kutsogiannis, Demetrios J.; Thompson, Patricia; Thompson, Tayne; Cirone, Robert; Kavikondala, Kanthi; Soth, Mark; Clarke, France; Takaoka, Alyson; Wald, Ron; Mazer, David; Burns, Karen; Friedrich, Jan; Klein, David; Sandhu, Gyan; Santos, Marlene; Khalid, Imrana; Hodder, Jennifer; Dodek, Peter; Ayas, Najib; Alcuaz, Victoria; Suen, Gabriel; Rewa, Oleksa; Singh, Gurmeet; Norris, Sean; Gibson, Neil; Arias, Castro; Shami, Aysha; Pelletier, Celine; Adhikari, Neill K.J.; Zahirieh, Alireza; Amaral, Andre; Marinoff, Nicole; Kaur, Navjot; Perez, Adic; Wang, Jane; Haljan, Gregory; Condin, Christopher; McIntyre, Lauralyn; Gomes, Brigette; Porteous, Rebecca; Watpool, Irene; Hiremath, Swapnil; Clark, Edward; Herridge, Margaret S.; Backhouse, Felicity; Elizabeth Wilcox, M.; Walczak, Karolina; Ki, Vincent; Sharman, Asheer; Romano, Martin; Bagshaw, Sean M.; Noel Gibney, R.T.; Romanovsky, Adam S.; Rewa, Oleksa; McCoshen, Lorena; Baig, Nadia; Wood, Gordon; Ovakim, Daniel; Auld, Fiona; Carney, Gayle; Duan, Meili; Ji, Xiaojun; Guo, Dongchen; Qi, Zhili; Lin, Jin; Zhang, Meng; Dong, Lei; Liu, Jingfeng; Liu, Pei; Zhi, Deyuan; Bai, Guoqiang; Qiu, Yu; Yang, Ziqi; Bai, Jing; Liu, Zhuang; Zhuang, Haizhou; Wang, Haiman; Li, Jian; Zhao, Mengya; Zhou, Xiao; Shi, Xianqing; Ye, Baning; Liu, Manli; Wu, Jing; Fu, Yongjian; Long, Dali; Pan, Yu; Wang, Jinlong; Mei, Huaxian; Zhang, Songsong; Wen, Mingxiang; Yang, Enyu; Mu, Sijie; Li, Jianquan; Hu, Tingting; Qin, Bingyu; Li, Min; Wang, Cunzhen; Dong, Xin; Wang, Kaiwu; Wang, Haibo; Yang, Jianxu; Du, Bin; Wang, Chuanyao; Wang, Dongxin; Li, Nan; Yu, Zhui; Xu, Song; Yao, Lan; Hou, Guo; Liu, Zhou; Lu, Liping; Lian, Yingtao; Wang, Chunting; Zhang, Jichen; Ding, Ruiqi; Qi, Guoqing; Wang, Qizhi; Wang, Peng; Meng, Zhaoli; Chen, Man; Hu, Xiaobo; He, Xiandi; Zhao, Shibing; Hang, Lele; Li, Rui; Qin, Suhui; Lu, Kun; Dun, Shijuan; Liu, Cheng; Zhou, Qi; Chen, Zhenzhen; Mei, Jing; Zhang, Minwei; Xu, Hao; Lin, Jincan; Shi, Qindong; Fu, Lijuan; Zeng, Qinjing; Ma, Hongye; Yan, Jinqi; Gao, Lan; Liu, Hongjuan; Zhang, Lei; Li, Hao; He, Xiaona; Fan, Jingqun; Guo, Litao; Liu, Yu; Wang, Xue; Sun, Jingjing; Liu, Zhongmin; Yang, Juan; Ding, Lili; Sheng, Lulu; Liu, Xingang; Yan, Jie; Wang, Quihui; Wang, Yifeng; Zhao, Dan; Zhao, Shuangping; Hu, Chenghuan; Li, Jing; Deng, Fuxing; Qiu, Haibo; Yang, Yi; Mo, Min; Pan, Chun; Wu, Changde; Huang, Yingzi; Huang, Lili; Liu, Airan; Pettilä, Ville; Vaara, Suvi T.; Korhonen, Anna-Maija; Törnblom, Sanna; Sutinen, Sari; Pettilä, Leena; Heinonen, Jonna; Lappi, Eliria; Suhonen, Taria; Karlsson, Sari; Hoppu, Sanna; Jalkanen, Ville; Kuitunen, Anne; Levoranta, Markus; Långsjö, Jaakko; Ristimäki, Sanna; Malila, Kaisa; Wootten, Anna; Varila, Simo; Järvisalo, Mikko J; Inkinen, Outi; Kentala, Satu; Leivo, Keijo; Haltia, Paivi; Dreyfuss, Didier; Ricard, Jean-Damien; Messika, Jonathan; Tiagarajah, Abirami; Emery, Malo; Dechanet, Aline; Gernez, Coralie; Roux, Damien; Martin-Lefevre, Laurent; Fiancette, Maud; Vinatier, Isabelle; Claude Lacherade, Jean; Colin, Gwenhaël; Lebert, Christine; Azais, Marie-Ange; Yehia, Aihem; Pouplet, Caroline; Henry- Lagarrigue, Matthieu; Seguin, Amélie; Crosby, Laura; Maizel, Julien; Titeca-Beauport, Dimitri; Combes, Alain; Nieszkowska, Ania; Masi, Paul; Demoule, Alexandre; Mayaux, Julien; Dres, Martin; Morawiec, Elise; Decalvele, Maxens; Demiri, Suela; Faure, Morgane; Marios, Clémence; Mallet, Maxime; Amélie Ordon, Marie; Morizot, Laura; Cantien, Marie; Pousset, François; Gaudry, Stéphane; Poirson, Florent; Cohen, Yves; Argaud, Laurent; Cour, Martin; Bitker, Laurent; Simon, Marie; Hernu, Romain; Baudry, Thomas; De La Salle, Sylvie; Robine, Adrien; Sedillot, Nicholas; Tchenio, Xavier; Bouisse, Camille; Roux, Sylvie; Barbar, Davide; Trusson, Rémi; Tamion, Fabienne; Grangé, Steven; Carpentier, Dorothée; Chevrel, Guillaume; Ensenyat-Martin, Luis; Marque, Sophie; Quenot, Jean-Pierre; Andreu, Pascal; Dargent, Auguste; Large, Audrey; Chudeau, Nicolas; Landais, Mickael; Derrien, Benoit; Christophe Callahan, Jean; Guitton, Christophe; Le Moal, Charlène; Robert, Alain; Asehnoune, Karim; Cinotti, Raphaël; Grillot, Nicolas; Demeure, Dominique; Vinsonneau, Christophe; Rahmani, Imen; Marzouk, Mehdi; Dekeyser, Thibault; Sejourne, Caroline; Verlay, Mélanie; Thevenin, Fabienne; Delecolle, Lucie; Didier Thevenin, Lens; Souweine, Bertrand; Coupez, Elisabeth; Adda, Mireille; Eraldi, Jean-Pierre; Marchalot, Antoine; De Prost, Nicolas; Mekontso Dessap, Armand; Razazi, Keyvan; Meziani, Ferhat; Boisrame-Helms, Julie; Clere-Jehl, Raphael; Delabranche, Xavier; Kummerlen, Christine; Merdji, Hamid; Monnier, Alexandra; Rabouel, Yannick; Rahmani, Hassene; Allam, Hayat; Chenaf, Samir; Franja, Vincenta; Pons, Bertrand; Carles, Michel; Martino, Frédéric; Richard, Régine; Zuber, Benjamin; Lacave, Guillaume; Lakhal, Karim; Rozec, Bertrand; Dang Van, Hoa; Boulet, Éric; Dubos, René; Fadel, Fouad; Cleophax, Cedric; Dufour, Nicolas; Grant, Caroline; Thuong, Marie; Reignier, Jean; Canet, Emmanuel; Nicolet, Laurent; Boulain, Thierry; Nay, Mai-Anh; Benzekri, Dalila; Barbier, François; Bretagnol, Anne; Kamel, Toufik; Mathonnet, Armelle; Muller, Grégoire; Skarzynski, Marie; Rossi, Julie; Pradet, Amandine; Dos Santos, Sandra; Guery, Aurore; Muller, Lucie; Felix, Luis; Bohé, Julien; Thiéry, Guillaume; Aissaoui, Nadia; Vimpere, Damien; Commeureuc, Morgane; Diehl, Jean-Luc; Guerot, Emmanuel; Liangos, Orfeas; Wittig, Monika; Zarbock, Alexander; Küllmar, Mira; van Waegeningh, Thomas; Rosenow, Nadine; Nichol, Alistair D.; Brickell, Kathy; Doran, Peter; Murray, Patrick T.; Landoni, Giovanni; Lembo, Rosalba; Zangrillo, Alberto; Monti, Giacomo; Tozzi, Margherita; Marzaroli, Matteo; Lombardi, Gaetano; Paternoster, Gianluca; Vitiello, Michelangelo; McGuinness, Shay; Parke, Rachael; Butler, Magdalena; Gilder, Eileen; Cowdrey, Keri-Anne; Wallace, Samantha; Hallion, Jane; Woolett, Melissa; Neal, Philippa; Duffy, Karina; Long, Stephanie; McArthur, Colin; Simmonds, Catherine; Chen, Yan; McConnochie, Rachael; Newby, Lynette; Knight, David; Henderson, Seton; Mehrtens, Jan; Morgan, Stacey; Morris, Anna; Vander Hayden, Kymbalee; Burke, Tara; Bailey, Matthew; Freebairn, Ross; Chadwick, Lesley; Park, Penelope; Rolls, Christine; Thomas, Liz; Buehner, Ulrike; Williams, Erin; Albrett, Jonathan; Kirkham, Simon; Jackson, Carolyn; Browne, Troy; Goodson, Jennifer; Jackson, David; Houghton, James; Callender, Owen; Higson, Vicki; Keet, Owen; Dominy, Clive; Young, Paul; Hunt, Anna; Judd, Harriet; Lawrence, Cassie; Olatunji, Shaanti; Robertson, Yvonne; Latimer-Bell, Charlotte; Hendry, Deborah; Mckay-Vucago, Agnes; Beehre, Nina; Lesona, Eden; Navarra, Leanlove; Robinson, Chelsea; Jang, Ryan; Junge, Andrea; Lambert, Bridget; Schneider, Antoine G.; Thibault, Michel; Eckert, Philippe; Kissling, Sébastien; Polychronopoulos, Erietta; Poli, Elettra; Altarelli, Marco; Schnorf, Madeleine; Abed Mallaird, Samia; Heidegger, Claudia; Perret, Aurelie; Montillier, Philippe; Sangla, Frederic; Neils, Seigenthaller; De Watteville, Aude; Phull, Mandeep-Kaur; George, Aparna; Hussain, Nauman; Pogreban, Tatiana; Lobaz, Steve; Daniels, Alison; Cunningham, Mishell; Kerr, Deborah; Nicholson, Alice; Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep; Abrams, Judith; Manso, Katarina; Hambrook, Geraldine; McKerrow, Elizabeth; Salva, Juvy; Foulkes, Stephen; Wise, Matthew; Morgan, Matt; Brooks, Jenny; Cole, Jade; Michelle Davies, Tracy; Hill, Helen; Thomas, Emma; Vizcaychipi, Marcela; Baharlo, Behrad; Carungcong, Jaime; Costa, Patricia; Martins, Laura; Kapoor, Ritoo; Hazelton, Tracy; Moon, Angela; Musselwhite, Janine; Shelley, Ben; McCall, Philip; Ostermann, Marlies; Arbane, Gill; Bociek, Aneta; Marotti, Martina; Lim, Rosario; Campos, Sara; Grau Novellas, Neus; Cennamo, Armando; Slack, Andrew; Wyncoll, Duncan; Camporota, Luigi; Sparkes, Simon; Tilley, Rosalinde; Rattray, Austin; Moreland, Gayle; Duffy, Jane; McGonigal, Elizabeth; Hopkins, Philip; Finney, Clare; Smith, John; Noble, Harriet; Watson, Hayley; Harris, Claire-Louise; Clarey, Emma; Corcoran, Eleanor; Beck, James; Howcroft, Clare; Youngs, Nora; Wilby, Elizabeth; Ogg, Bethan; Wolverson, Adam; Lee, Sandra; Butler, Susie; Okubanjo, Maryanne; Hindle, Julia; Welters, Ingeborg; Williams, Karen; Johnson, Emily; Patrick-Heselton, Julie; Shaw, David; Waugh, Victoria; Stewart, Richard; Mwaura, Esther; Wren, Lynn; Mew, Louise; Sutherland, Sara-Beth; 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Johnston, Andy; Cooper, Lauren; Carrera, Ron; Ellis, Karen; Fellows, Emma; Harkett, Samanth; Bergin, Colin; Spruce, Elaine; Despy, Liesl; Goundry, Stephanie; Dooley, Natalie; Mason, Tracy; Clark, Amy; Dignam, Gemma; Ward, Geraldine; Attwood, Ben; Parsons, Penny; Mason, Sophie; Margarson, Michael; Lord, Jenny; McGlone, Philip; Hodgson, Luke E.; Chadbourn, Indra; Gomez, Raquel; Margalef, Jordi; Pretorius, Rinus; Hamshere, Alexandra; Carter, Joseph; Cahill, Hazel; Grainger, Lia; Howard, Kate; Forshaw, Greg; Guy, Zoe; Kashani, Kianoush B.; Albright, Robert C.; Amsbaugh, Amy; Stoltenberg, Anita; Niven, Alexander S.; Lynch, Matthew; O’Mara, AnnMarie; Naeem, Syed; Sharif, Sairah; McKenney Goulart, Joyce; Lynch, Matthew; O’Mara, AnnMarie; Naeem, Syed; Sharif, Sairah; McKenney Goulart, Joyce; Tolwani, Ashita; Lyas, Claretha; Latta, Laura; Bihorac, Azra; Hashemighouchani, Haleh; Efron, Philip; Ruppert, Matthew; Cupka, Julie; Kiley, Sean; Carson, Joshua; White, Peggy; Omalay, George; Brown, Sherry; Velez, Laura; Marceron, Alina; Neyra, Javier A.; Carlos Aycinena, Juan; Elias, Madona; Ortiz-Soriano, Victor M.; Hauschild, Caroline; Dorfman, Robert
Critical Care Explorations. Feb 01, 2024 6(2):e1053-e1053
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Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE
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Kakhlon, Or; Kalia, Manjula; Kalvakolanu, Dhan V; Kamada, Yoshiaki; Kambas, Konstantinos; Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O; Kampinga, Harm H; Kandouz, Mustapha; Kang, Chanhee; Kang, Rui; Kang, Tae-Cheon; Kanki, Tomotake; Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi; Kanno, Haruo; Kanthasamy, Anumantha G; Kantorow, Marc; Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria; Kapuy, Orsolya; Karantza, Vassiliki; Karim, Md Razaul; Karmakar, Parimal; Kaser, Arthur; Kaushik, Susmita; Kawula, Thomas; Kaynar, A Murat; Ke, Po-Yuan; Ke, Zun-Ji; Kehrl, John H; Keller, Kate E; Kemper, Jongsook Kim; Kenworthy, Anne K; Kepp, Oliver; Kern, Andreas; Kesari, Santosh; Kessel, David; Ketteler, Robin; Kettelhut, Isis do Carmo; Khambu, Bilon; Khan, Muzamil Majid; Khandelwal, Vinoth Km; Khare, Sangeeta; Kiang, Juliann G; Kiger, Amy A; Kihara, Akio; Kim, Arianna L; Kim, Cheol Hyeon; Kim, Deok Ryong; Kim, Do-Hyung; Kim, Eung Kweon; Kim, Hye Young; Kim, Hyung-Ryong; Kim, Jae-Sung; Kim, Jeong Hun; Kim, Jin Cheon; Kim, Jin Hyoung; Kim, Kwang Woon; Kim, Michael D; Kim, Moon-Moo; Kim, Peter K; Kim, Seong Who; Kim, Soo-Youl; Kim, Yong-Sun; Kim, Yonghyun; Kimchi, Adi; Kimmelman, Alec C; Kimura, Tomonori; King, Jason S; Kirkegaard, Karla; Kirkin, Vladimir; Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A; Kishi, Shuji; Kitajima, Yasuo; Kitamoto, Katsuhiko; Kitaoka, Yasushi; Kitazato, Kaio; Kley, Rudolf A; Klimecki, Walter T; Klinkenberg, Michael; Klucken, Jochen; Knævelsrud, Helene; Knecht, Erwin; Knuppertz, Laura; Ko, Jiunn-Liang; Kobayashi, Satoru; Koch, Jan C; Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Christelle; Koenig, Ulrich; Koh, Young Ho; Köhler, Katja; Kohlwein, Sepp D; Koike, Masato; Komatsu, Masaaki; Kominami, Eiki; Kong, Dexin; Kong, Hee Jeong; Konstantakou, Eumorphia G; Kopp, Benjamin T; Korcsmaros, Tamas; Korhonen, Laura; Korolchuk, Viktor I; Koshkina, Nadya V; Kou, Yanjun; Koukourakis, Michael I; Koumenis, Constantinos; Kovács, Attila L; Kovács, Tibor; Kovacs, Werner J; Koya, Daisuke; Kraft, Claudine; Krainc, Dimitri; Kramer, Helmut; Kravic-Stevovic, Tamara; Krek, Wilhelm; Kretz-Remy, Carole; Krick, Roswitha; Krishnamurthy, Malathi; Kriston-Vizi, Janos; Kroemer, Guido; Kruer, Michael C; Kruger, Rejko; Ktistakis, Nicholas T; Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki; Kuhn, Christian; Kumar, Addanki Pratap; Kumar, Anuj; Kumar, Ashok; Kumar, Deepak; Kumar, Dhiraj; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumar, Sharad; Kundu, Mondira; Kung, Hsing-Jien; Kuno, Atsushi; Kuo, Sheng-Han; Kuret, Jeff; Kurz, Tino; Kwok, Terry; Kwon, Taeg Kyu; Kwon, Yong Tae; Kyrmizi, Irene; La Spada, Albert R; Lafont, Frank; Lahm, Tim; Lakkaraju, Aparna; Lam, Truong; Lamark, Trond; Lancel, Steve; Landowski, Terry H; Lane, Darius Jr; Lane, Jon D; Lanzi, Cinzia; Lapaquette, Pierre; Lapierre, Louis R; Laporte, Jocelyn; Laukkarinen, Johanna; Laurie, Gordon W; Lavandero, Sergio; Lavie, Lena; LaVoie, Matthew J; Law, Betty Yuen Kwan; Law, Helen Ka-Wai; Law, Kelsey B; Layfield, Robert; Lazo, Pedro A; Le Cam, Laurent; Le Roch, Karine G; Le Stunff, Hervé; Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra; Lecuit, Marc; Lee, Byung-Hoon; Lee, Che-Hsin; Lee, Erinna F; Lee, Gyun Min; Lee, He-Jin; Lee, Hsinyu; Lee, Jae Keun; Lee, Jongdae; Lee, Ju-Hyun; Lee, Jun Hee; Lee, Michael; Lee, Myung-Shik; Lee, Patty J; Lee, Sam W; Lee, Seung-Jae; Lee, Shiow-Ju; Lee, Stella Y; Lee, Sug Hyung; Lee, Sung Sik; Lee, Sung-Joon; Lee, Sunhee; Lee, Ying-Ray; Lee, Yong J; Lee, Young H; Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan; Lefort, Sylvain; Legouis, Renaud; Lei, Jinzhi; Lei, Qun-Ying; Leib, David A; Leibowitz, Gil; Lekli, Istvan; Lemaire, Stéphane D; Lemasters, John J; Lemberg, Marius K; Lemoine, Antoinette; Leng, Shuilong; Lenz, Guido; Lenzi, Paola; Lerman, Lilach O; Lettieri Barbato, Daniele; Leu, Julia I-Ju; Leung, Hing Y; Levine, Beth; Lewis, Patrick A; Lezoualc'h, Frank; Li, Chi; Li, Faqiang; Li, Feng-Jun; Li, Jun; Li, Ke; Li, Lian; Li, Min; Li, Qiang; Li, Rui; Li, Sheng; Li, Wei; Li, Xiaotao; Li, Yumin; Lian, Jiqin; Liang, Chengyu; Liang, Qiangrong; Liao, Yulin; Liberal, Joana; Liberski, Pawel P; Lie, Pearl; Lieberman, Andrew P; Lim, Hyunjung Jade; Lim, Kah-Leong; Lim, Kyu; Lima, Raquel T; Lin, Chang-Shen; Lin, Chiou-Feng; Lin, Fang; Lin, Fangming; Lin, Fu-Cheng; Lin, Kui; Lin, Kwang-Huei; Lin, Pei-Hui; Lin, Tianwei; Lin, Wan-Wan; Lin, Yee-Shin; Lin, Yong; Linden, Rafael; Lindholm, Dan; Lindqvist, Lisa M; Lingor, Paul; Linkermann, Andreas; Liotta, Lance A; Lipinski, Marta M; Lira, Vitor A; Lisanti, Michael P; Liton, Paloma B; Liu, Bo; Liu, Chong; Liu, Chun-Feng; Liu, Fei; Liu, Hung-Jen; Liu, Jianxun; Liu, Jing-Jing; Liu, Jing-Lan; Liu, Ke; Liu, Leyuan; Liu, Liang; Liu, Quentin; Liu, Rong-Yu; Liu, Shiming; Liu, Shuwen; Liu, Wei; Liu, Xian-De; Liu, Xiangguo; Liu, Xiao-Hong; Liu, Xinfeng; Liu, Xu; Liu, Xueqin; Liu, Yang; Liu, Yule; Liu, Zexian; Liu, Zhe; Liuzzi, Juan P; Lizard, Gérard; Ljujic, Mila; Lodhi, Irfan J; Logue, Susan E; Lokeshwar, Bal L; Long, Yun Chau; Lonial, Sagar; Loos, Benjamin; López-Otín, Carlos; López-Vicario, Cristina; Lorente, Mar; Lorenzi, Philip L; Lõrincz, Péter; Los, Marek; Lotze, Michael T; Lovat, Penny E; Lu, Binfeng; Lu, Bo; Lu, Jiahong; Lu, Qing; Lu, She-Min; Lu, Shuyan; Lu, Yingying; Luciano, Frédéric; Luckhart, Shirley; Lucocq, John Milton; Ludovico, Paula; Lugea, Aurelia; Lukacs, Nicholas W; Lum, Julian J; Lund, Anders H; Luo, Honglin; Luo, Jia; Luo, Shouqing; Luparello, Claudio; Lyons, Timothy; Ma, Jianjie; Ma, Yi; Ma, Yong; Ma, Zhenyi; Machado, Juliano; Machado-Santelli, Glaucia M; Macian, Fernando; MacIntosh, Gustavo C; MacKeigan, Jeffrey P; Macleod, Kay F; MacMicking, John D; MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann; Madeo, Frank; Madesh, Muniswamy; Madrigal-Matute, Julio; Maeda, Akiko; Maeda, Tatsuya; Maegawa, Gustavo; Maellaro, Emilia; Maes, Hannelore; Magariños, Marta; Maiese, Kenneth; Maiti, Tapas K; Maiuri, Luigi; Maiuri, Maria Chiara; Maki, Carl G; Malli, Roland; Malorni, Walter; Maloyan, Alina; Mami-Chouaib, Fathia; Man, Na; Mancias, Joseph D; Mandelkow, Eva-Maria; Mandell, Michael A; Manfredi, Angelo A; Manié, Serge N; Manzoni, Claudia; Mao, Kai; Mao, Zixu; Mao, Zong-Wan; Marambaud, Philippe; Marconi, Anna Maria; Marelja, Zvonimir; Marfe, Gabriella; Margeta, Marta; Margittai, Eva; Mari, Muriel; Mariani, Francesca V; Marin, Concepcio; Marinelli, Sara; Mariño, Guillermo; Markovic, Ivanka; Marquez, Rebecca; Martelli, Alberto M; Martens, Sascha; Martin, Katie R; Martin, Seamus J; Martin, Shaun; Martin-Acebes, Miguel A; Martín-Sanz, Paloma; Martinand-Mari, Camille; Martinet, Wim; Martinez, Jennifer; Martinez-Lopez, Nuria; Martinez-Outschoorn, Ubaldo; Martínez-Velázquez, Moisés; Martinez-Vicente, Marta; Martins, Waleska Kerllen; Mashima, Hirosato; Mastrianni, James A; Matarese, Giuseppe; Matarrese, Paola; Mateo, Roberto; Matoba, Satoaki; Matsumoto, Naomichi; Matsushita, Takehiko; Matsuura, Akira; Matsuzawa, Takeshi; Mattson, Mark P; Matus, Soledad; Maugeri, Norma; Mauvezin, Caroline; Mayer, Andreas; Maysinger, Dusica; Mazzolini, Guillermo D; McBrayer, Mary Kate; McCall, Kimberly; McCormick, Craig; McInerney, Gerald M; McIver, Skye C; McKenna, Sharon; McMahon, John J; McNeish, Iain A; Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima; Medema, Jan Paul; Medina, Diego L; Megyeri, Klara; Mehrpour, Maryam; 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Molinari, Marco; Molinari, Maurizio; Møller, Andreas Buch; Mollereau, Bertrand; Mollinedo, Faustino; Mongillo, Marco; Monick, Martha M; Montagnaro, Serena; Montell, Craig; Moore, Darren J; Moore, Michael N; Mora-Rodriguez, Rodrigo; Moreira, Paula I; Morel, Etienne; Morelli, Maria Beatrice; Moreno, Sandra; Morgan, Michael J; Moris, Arnaud; Moriyasu, Yuji; Morrison, Janna L; Morrison, Lynda A; Morselli, Eugenia; Moscat, Jorge; Moseley, Pope L; Mostowy, Serge; Motori, Elisa; Mottet, Denis; Mottram, Jeremy C; Moussa, Charbel E-H; Mpakou, Vassiliki E; Mukhtar, Hasan; Mulcahy Levy, Jean M; Muller, Sylviane; Muñoz-Moreno, Raquel; Muñoz-Pinedo, Cristina; Münz, Christian; Murphy, Maureen E; Murray, James T; Murthy, Aditya; Mysorekar, Indira U; Nabi, Ivan R; Nabissi, Massimo; Nader, Gustavo A; Nagahara, Yukitoshi; Nagai, Yoshitaka; Nagata, Kazuhiro; Nagelkerke, Anika; Nagy, Péter; Naidu, Samisubbu R; Nair, Sreejayan; Nakano, Hiroyasu; Nakatogawa, Hitoshi; Nanjundan, Meera; Napolitano, Gennaro; Naqvi, Naweed I; Nardacci, Roberta; Narendra, Derek P; Narita, Masashi; Nascimbeni, Anna Chiara; Natarajan, Ramesh; Navegantes, Luiz C; Nawrocki, Steffan T; Nazarko, Taras Y; Nazarko, Volodymyr Y; Neill, Thomas; Neri, Luca M; Netea, Mihai G; Netea-Maier, Romana T; Neves, Bruno M; Ney, Paul A; Nezis, Ioannis P; Nguyen, Hang Tt; Nguyen, Huu Phuc; Nicot, Anne-Sophie; Nilsen, Hilde; Nilsson, Per; Nishimura, Mikio; Nishino, Ichizo; Niso-Santano, Mireia; Niu, Hua; Nixon, Ralph A; Njar, Vincent Co; Noda, Takeshi; Noegel, Angelika A; Nolte, Elsie Magdalena; Norberg, Erik; Norga, Koenraad K; Noureini, Sakineh Kazemi; Notomi, Shoji; Notterpek, Lucia; Nowikovsky, Karin; Nukina, Nobuyuki; Nürnberger, Thorsten; O'Donnell, Valerie B; O'Donovan, Tracey; O'Dwyer, Peter J; Oehme, Ina; Oeste, Clara L; Ogawa, Michinaga; Ogretmen, Besim; Ogura, Yuji; Oh, Young J; Ohmuraya, Masaki; Ohshima, Takayuki; Ojha, Rani; Okamoto, Koji; Okazaki, Toshiro; Oliver, F Javier; Ollinger, Karin; Olsson, Stefan; Orban, Daniel P; Ordonez, Paulina; 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Pasquet, Jean-Max; Pasquier, Benoit; Pasumarthi, Kishore Bs; Patschan, Daniel; Patterson, Cam; Pattingre, Sophie; Pattison, Scott; Pause, Arnim; Pavenstädt, Hermann; Pavone, Flaminia; Pedrozo, Zully; Peña, Fernando J; Peñalva, Miguel A; Pende, Mario; Peng, Jianxin; Penna, Fabio; Penninger, Josef M; Pensalfini, Anna; Pepe, Salvatore; Pereira, Gustavo Js; Pereira, Paulo C; Pérez-de la Cruz, Verónica; Pérez-Pérez, María Esther; Pérez-Rodríguez, Diego; Pérez-Sala, Dolores; Perier, Celine; Perl, Andras; Perlmutter, David H; Perrotta, Ida; Pervaiz, Shazib; Pesonen, Maija; Pessin, Jeffrey E; Peters, Godefridus J; Petersen, Morten; Petrache, Irina; Petrof, Basil J; Petrovski, Goran; Phang, James M; Piacentini, Mauro; Pierdominici, Marina; Pierre, Philippe; Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie; Pietrocola, Federico; Pimentel-Muiños, Felipe X; Pinar, Mario; Pineda, Benjamin; Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit; Pinti, Marcello; Pinton, Paolo; Piperdi, Bilal; Piret, James M; Platanias, Leonidas C; Platta, Harald W; Plowey, Edward D; Pöggeler, Stefanie; Poirot, Marc; Polčic, Peter; Poletti, Angelo; Poon, Audrey H; Popelka, Hana; Popova, Blagovesta; Poprawa, Izabela; Poulose, Shibu M; Poulton, Joanna; Powers, Scott K; Powers, Ted; Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes; Prak, Krisna; Prange, Reinhild; Prescott, Mark; Priault, Muriel; Prince, Sharon; Proia, Richard L; Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula; Prokisch, Holger; Promponas, Vasilis J; Przyklenk, Karin; Puertollano, Rosa; Pugazhenthi, Subbiah; Puglielli, Luigi; Pujol, Aurora; Puyal, Julien; Pyeon, Dohun; Qi, Xin; Qian, Wen-Bin; Qin, Zheng-Hong; Qiu, Yu; Qu, Ziwei; Quadrilatero, Joe; Quinn, Frederick; Raben, Nina; Rabinowich, Hannah; Radogna, Flavia; Ragusa, Michael J; Rahmani, Mohamed; Raina, Komal; Ramanadham, Sasanka; Ramesh, Rajagopal; Rami, Abdelhaq; Randall-Demllo, Sarron; Randow, Felix; Rao, Hai; Rao, V Ashutosh; Rasmussen, Blake B; Rasse, Tobias M; Ratovitski, Edward A; Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel; Ray, Swapan K; Razani, Babak; Reed, Bruce H; Reggiori, Fulvio; Rehm, Markus; Reichert, Andreas S; Rein, Theo; Reiner, David J; Reits, Eric; Ren, Jun; Ren, Xingcong; Renna, Maurizio; Reusch, Jane Eb; Revuelta, Jose L; Reyes, Leticia; Rezaie, Alireza R; Richards, Robert I; Richardson, Des R; Richetta, Clémence; Riehle, Michael A; Rihn, Bertrand H; Rikihisa, Yasuko; Riley, Brigit E; Rimbach, Gerald; Rippo, Maria Rita; Ritis, Konstantinos; Rizzi, Federica; Rizzo, Elizete; Roach, Peter J; Robbins, Jeffrey; Roberge, Michel; Roca, Gabriela; Roccheri, Maria Carmela; Rocha, Sonia; Rodrigues, Cecilia Mp; Rodríguez, Clara I; de Cordoba, Santiago Rodriguez; Rodriguez-Muela, Natalia; Roelofs, Jeroen; Rogov, Vladimir V; Rohn, Troy T; Rohrer, Bärbel; Romanelli, Davide; Romani, Luigina; Romano, Patricia Silvia; Roncero, M Isabel G; Rosa, Jose Luis; Rosello, Alicia; Rosen, Kirill V; Rosenstiel, Philip; Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena; Roth, Kevin A; Roué, Gael; Rouis, Mustapha; Rouschop, Kasper M; Ruan, Daniel T; Ruano, Diego; Rubinsztein, David C; Rucker, Edmund B; Rudich, Assaf; Rudolf, Emil; Rudolf, Ruediger; Ruegg, Markus A; Ruiz-Roldan, Carmen; Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok; Rusmini, Paola; Russ, David W; Russo, Gian Luigi; Russo, Giuseppe; Russo, Rossella; Rusten, Tor Erik; Ryabovol, Victoria; Ryan, Kevin M; Ryter, Stefan W; Sabatini, David M; Sacher, Michael; Sachse, Carsten; Sack, Michael N; Sadoshima, Junichi; Saftig, Paul; Sagi-Eisenberg, Ronit; Sahni, Sumit; Saikumar, Pothana; Saito, Tsunenori; Saitoh, Tatsuya; Sakakura, Koichi; Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Machiko; Sakuraba, Yasuhito; Salazar-Roa, María; Salomoni, Paolo; Saluja, Ashok K; Salvaterra, Paul M; Salvioli, Rosa; Samali, Afshin; Sanchez, Anthony Mj; Sánchez-Alcázar, José A; Sanchez-Prieto, Ricardo; Sandri, Marco; Sanjuan, Miguel A; Santaguida, Stefano; Santambrogio, Laura; Santoni, Giorgio; Dos Santos, Claudia Nunes; Saran, Shweta; Sardiello, Marco; Sargent, Graeme; Sarkar, Pallabi; Sarkar, Sovan; Sarrias, Maria Rosa; Sarwal, Minnie M; Sasakawa, Chihiro; Sasaki, Motoko; Sass, Miklos; Sato, Ken; Sato, Miyuki; Satriano, Joseph; Savaraj, Niramol; Saveljeva, Svetlana; Schaefer, Liliana; Schaible, Ulrich E; Scharl, Michael; Schatzl, Hermann M; Schekman, Randy; Scheper, Wiep; Schiavi, Alfonso; Schipper, Hyman M; Schmeisser, Hana; Schmidt, Jens; Schmitz, Ingo; Schneider, Bianca E; Schneider, E Marion; Schneider, Jaime L; Schon, Eric A; Schönenberger, Miriam J; Schönthal, Axel H; Schorderet, Daniel F; Schröder, Bernd; Schuck, Sebastian; Schulze, Ryan J; Schwarten, Melanie; Schwarz, Thomas L; Sciarretta, Sebastiano; Scotto, Kathleen; Scovassi, A Ivana; Screaton, Robert A; Screen, Mark; Seca, Hugo; Sedej, Simon; Segatori, Laura; Segev, Nava; Seglen, Per O; Seguí-Simarro, Jose M; Segura-Aguilar, Juan; Seki, Ekihiro; Sell, Christian; Selliez, Iban; Semenkovich, Clay F; Semenza, Gregg L; Sen, Utpal; Serra, Andreas L; Serrano-Puebla, Ana; Sesaki, Hiromi; Setoguchi, Takao; Settembre, Carmine; Shacka, John J; Shajahan-Haq, Ayesha N; Shapiro, Irving M; Sharma, Shweta; She, Hua; Shen, C-K James; Shen, Chiung-Chyi; Shen, Han-Ming; Shen, Sanbing; Shen, Weili; Sheng, Rui; Sheng, Xianyong; Sheng, Zu-Hang; Shepherd, Trevor G; Shi, Junyan; Shi, Qiang; Shi, Qinghua; Shi, Yuguang; Shibutani, Shusaku; Shibuya, Kenichi; Shidoji, Yoshihiro; Shieh, Jeng-Jer; Shih, Chwen-Ming; Shimada, Yohta; Shimizu, Shigeomi; Shin, Dong Wook; Shinohara, Mari L; Shintani, Michiko; Shintani, Takahiro; Shioi, Tetsuo; Shirabe, Ken; Shiri-Sverdlov, Ronit; Shirihai, Orian; Shore, Gordon C; Shu, Chih-Wen; Shukla, Deepak; Sibirny, Andriy A; Sica, Valentina; Sigurdson, Christina J; Sigurdsson, Einar M; Sijwali, Puran Singh; Sikorska, Beata; Silveira, Wilian A; Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine; Silverman, Gary A; Simak, Jan; Simmet, Thomas; Simon, Anna Katharina; Simon, Hans-Uwe; Simone, Cristiano; Simons, Matias; Simonsen, Anne; Singh, Rajat; Singh, Shivendra V; Singh, Shrawan K; Sinha, Debasish; Sinha, Sangita; Sinicrope, Frank A; Sirko, Agnieszka; Sirohi, Kapil; Sishi, Balindiwe Jn; Sittler, Annie; Siu, Parco M; Sivridis, Efthimios; Skwarska, Anna; Slack, Ruth; Slaninová, Iva; Slavov, Nikolai; Smaili, Soraya S; Smalley, Keiran Sm; Smith, Duncan R; Soenen, Stefaan J; Soleimanpour, Scott A; Solhaug, Anita; Somasundaram, Kumaravel; Son, Jin H; Sonawane, Avinash; Song, Chunjuan; Song, Fuyong; Song, Hyun Kyu; Song, Ju-Xian; Song, Wei; Soo, Kai Y; Sood, Anil K; Soong, Tuck Wah; Soontornniyomkij, Virawudh; Sorice, Maurizio; Sotgia, Federica; Soto-Pantoja, David R; Sotthibundhu, Areechun; Sousa, Maria João; Spaink, Herman P; Span, Paul N; Spang, Anne; Sparks, Janet D; Speck, Peter G; Spector, Stephen A; Spies, Claudia D; Springer, Wolfdieter; Clair, Daret St; Stacchiotti, Alessandra; Staels, Bart; Stang, Michael T; Starczynowski, Daniel T; Starokadomskyy, Petro; Steegborn, Clemens; Steele, John W; Stefanis, Leonidas; Steffan, Joan; Stellrecht, Christine M; Stenmark, Harald; Stepkowski, Tomasz M; Stern, Stęphan T; Stevens, Craig; Stockwell, Brent R; Stoka, Veronika; Storchova, Zuzana; Stork, Björn; Stratoulias, Vassilis; Stravopodis, Dimitrios J; Strnad, Pavel; Strohecker, Anne Marie; Ström, Anna-Lena; Stromhaug, Per; Stulik, Jiri; Su, Yu-Xiong; Su, Zhaoliang; Subauste, Carlos S; Subramaniam, Srinivasa; Sue, Carolyn M; Suh, Sang Won; Sui, Xinbing; Sukseree, Supawadee; Sulzer, David; Sun, Fang-Lin; Sun, Jiaren; Sun, Jun; Sun, Shi-Yong; Sun, Yang; Sun, Yi; Sun, Yingjie; Sundaramoorthy, Vinod; Sung, Joseph; Suzuki, Hidekazu; Suzuki, Kuninori; Suzuki, Naoki; Suzuki, Tadashi; Suzuki, Yuichiro J; Swanson, Michele S; Swanton, Charles; Swärd, Karl; Swarup, Ghanshyam; Sweeney, Sean T; Sylvester, Paul W; Szatmari, Zsuzsanna; Szegezdi, Eva; Szlosarek, Peter W; Taegtmeyer, Heinrich; Tafani, Marco; Taillebourg, Emmanuel; Tait, Stephen Wg; Takacs-Vellai, Krisztina; Takahashi, Yoshinori; Takáts, Szabolcs; Takemura, Genzou; Takigawa, Nagio; Talbot, Nicholas J; Tamagno, Elena; Tamburini, Jerome; Tan, Cai-Ping; Tan, Lan; Tan, Mei Lan; Tan, Ming; Tan, Yee-Joo; Tanaka, Keiji; Tanaka, Masaki; Tang, Daolin; Tang, Dingzhong; Tang, Guomei; Tanida, Isei; Tanji, Kunikazu; Tannous, Bakhos A; Tapia, Jose A; Tasset-Cuevas, Inmaculada; Tatar, Marc; Tavassoly, Iman; Tavernarakis, Nektarios; Taylor, Allen; Taylor, Graham S; Taylor, Gregory A; Taylor, J Paul; Taylor, Mark J; Tchetina, Elena V; Tee, Andrew R; Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima; Telang, Sucheta; Tencomnao, Tewin; Teng, Ba-Bie; Teng, Ru-Jeng; Terro, Faraj; Tettamanti, Gianluca; Theiss, Arianne L; Theron, Anne E; Thomas, Kelly Jean; Thomé, Marcos P; Thomes, Paul G; Thorburn, Andrew; Thorner, Jeremy; Thum, Thomas; Thumm, Michael; Thurston, Teresa Lm; Tian, Ling; Till, Andreas; Ting, Jenny Pan-Yun; Titorenko, Vladimir I; Toker, Lilach; Toldo, Stefano; Tooze, Sharon A; Topisirovic, Ivan; Torgersen, Maria Lyngaas; Torosantucci, Liliana; Torriglia, Alicia; Torrisi, Maria Rosaria; Tournier, Cathy; Towns, Roberto; Trajkovic, Vladimir; Travassos, Leonardo H; Triola, Gemma; Tripathi, Durga Nand; Trisciuoglio, Daniela; Troncoso, Rodrigo; Trougakos, Ioannis P; Truttmann, Anita C; Tsai, Kuen-Jer; Tschan, Mario P; Tseng, Yi-Hsin; Tsukuba, Takayuki; Tsung, Allan; Tsvetkov, Andrey S; Tu, Shuiping; Tuan, Hsing-Yu; Tucci, Marco; Tumbarello, David A; Turk, Boris; Turk, Vito; Turner, Robin Fb; Tveita, Anders A; Tyagi, Suresh C; Ubukata, Makoto; Uchiyama, Yasuo; Udelnow, Andrej; Ueno, Takashi; Umekawa, Midori; Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika; Underwood, Benjamin R; Ungermann, Christian; Ureshino, Rodrigo P; Ushioda, Ryo; Uversky, Vladimir N; Uzcátegui, Néstor L; Vaccari, Thomas; Vaccaro, Maria I; Váchová, Libuše; Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin; Valdor, Rut; Valente, Enza Maria; Vallette, Francois; Valverde, Angela M; Van den Berghe, Greet; Van Den Bosch, Ludo; van den Brink, Gijs R; van der Goot, F Gisou; van der Klei, Ida J; van der Laan, Luc Jw; van Doorn, Wouter G; van Egmond, Marjolein; van Golen, Kenneth L; Van Kaer, Luc; van Lookeren Campagne, Menno; Vandenabeele, Peter; Vandenberghe, Wim; Vanhorebeek, Ilse; Varela-Nieto, Isabel; Vasconcelos, M Helena; Vasko, Radovan; Vavvas, Demetrios G; Vega-Naredo, Ignacio; Velasco, Guillermo; Velentzas, Athanassios D; Velentzas, Panagiotis D; Vellai, Tibor; Vellenga, Edo; Vendelbo, Mikkel Holm; Venkatachalam, Kartik; Ventura, Natascia; Ventura, Salvador; Veras, Patrícia St; Verdier, Mireille; Vertessy, Beata G; Viale, Andrea; Vidal, Michel; Vieira, Helena LA; Vierstra, Richard D; Vigneswaran, Nadarajah; Vij, Neeraj; Vila, Miquel; Villar, Margarita; Villar, Victor H; Villarroya, Joan; Vindis, Cécile; Viola, Giampietro; Viscomi, Maria Teresa; Vitale, Giovanni; Vogl, Dan T; Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V; von Haefen, Clarissa; von Schwarzenberg, Karin; Voth, Daniel E; Vouret-Craviari, Valérie; Vuori, Kristina; Vyas, Jatin M; Waeber, Christian; Walker, Cheryl Lyn; Walker, Mark J; Walter, Jochen; Wan, Lei; Wan, Xiangbo; Wang, Bo; Wang, Caihong; Wang, Chao-Yung; Wang, Chengshu; Wang, Chenran; Wang, Chuangui; Wang, Dong; Wang, Fen; Wang, Fuxin; Wang, Guanghui; Wang, Hai-Jie; Wang, Haichao; Wang, Hong-Gang; Wang, Hongmin; Wang, Horng-Dar; Wang, Jing; Wang, Junjun; Wang, Mei; Wang, Mei-Qing; Wang, Pei-Yu; Wang, Peng; Wang, Richard C; Wang, Shuo; Wang, Ting-Fang; Wang, Xian; Wang, Xiao-Jia; Wang, Xiao-Wei; Wang, Xin; Wang, Xuejun; Wang, Yan; Wang, Yanming; Wang, Ying; Wang, Ying-Jan; Wang, Yipeng; Wang, Yu; Wang, Yu Tian; Wang, Yuqing; Wang, Zhi-Nong; Wappner, Pablo; Ward, Carl; Ward, Diane McVey; Warnes, Gary; Watada, Hirotaka; Watanabe, Yoshihisa; Watase, Kei; Weaver, Timothy E; Weekes, Colin D; Wei, Jiwu; Weide, Thomas; Weihl, Conrad C; Weindl, Günther; Weis, Simone Nardin; Wen, Longping; Wen, Xin; Wen, Yunfei; Westermann, Benedikt; Weyand, Cornelia M; White, Anthony R; White, Eileen; Whitton, J Lindsay; Whitworth, Alexander J; Wiels, Joëlle; Wild, Franziska; Wildenberg, Manon E; Wileman, Tom; Wilkinson, Deepti Srinivas; Wilkinson, Simon; Willbold, Dieter; Williams, Chris; Williams, Katherine; Williamson, Peter R; Winklhofer, Konstanze F; Witkin, Steven S; Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E; Wollert, Thomas; Wolvetang, Ernst J; Wong, Esther; Wong, G William; Wong, Richard W; Wong, Vincent Kam Wai; Woodcock, Elizabeth A; Wright, Karen L; Wu, Chunlai; Wu, Defeng; Wu, Gen Sheng; Wu, Jian; Wu, Junfang; Wu, Mian; Wu, Min; Wu, Shengzhou; Wu, William Kk; Wu, Yaohua; Wu, Zhenlong; Xavier, Cristina Pr; Xavier, Ramnik J; Xia, Gui-Xian; Xia, Tian; Xia, Weiliang; Xia, Yong; Xiao, Hengyi; Xiao, Jian; Xiao, Shi; Xiao, Wuhan; Xie, Chuan-Ming; Xie, Zhiping; Xie, Zhonglin; Xilouri, Maria; Xiong, Yuyan; Xu, Chuanshan; Xu, Congfeng; Xu, Feng; Xu, Haoxing; Xu, Hongwei; Xu, Jian; Xu, Jianzhen; Xu, Jinxian; Xu, Liang; Xu, Xiaolei; Xu, Yangqing; Xu, Ye; Xu, Zhi-Xiang; Xu, Ziheng; Xue, Yu; Yamada, Takahiro; Yamamoto, Ai; Yamanaka, Koji; Yamashina, Shunhei; Yamashiro, Shigeko; Yan, Bing; Yan, Bo; Yan, Xianghua; Yan, Zhen; Yanagi, Yasuo; Yang, Dun-Sheng; Yang, Jin-Ming; Yang, Liu; Yang, Minghua; Yang, Pei-Ming; Yang, Peixin; Yang, Qian; Yang, Wannian; Yang, Wei Yuan; Yang, Xuesong; Yang, Yi; Yang, Ying; Yang, Zhifen; Yang, Zhihong; Yao, Meng-Chao; Yao, Pamela J; Yao, Xiaofeng; Yao, Zhenyu; Yao, Zhiyuan; Yasui, Linda S; Ye, Mingxiang; Yedvobnick, Barry; Yeganeh, Behzad; Yeh, Elizabeth S; Yeyati, Patricia L; Yi, Fan; Yi, Long; Yin, Xiao-Ming; Yip, Calvin K; Yoo, Yeong-Min; Yoo, Young Hyun; Yoon, Seung-Yong; Yoshida, Ken-Ichi; Yoshimori, Tamotsu; Young, Ken H; Yu, Huixin; Yu, Jane J; Yu, Jin-Tai; Yu, Jun; Yu, Li; Yu, W Haung; Yu, Xiao-Fang; Yu, Zhengping; Yuan, Junying; Yuan, Zhi-Min; Yue, Beatrice Yjt; Yue, Jianbo; Yue, Zhenyu; Zacks, David N; Zacksenhaus, Eldad; Zaffaroni, Nadia; Zaglia, Tania; Zakeri, Zahra; Zecchini, Vincent; Zeng, Jinsheng; Zeng, Min; Zeng, Qi; Zervos, Antonis S; Zhang, Donna D; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Guo; Zhang, Guo-Chang; Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Hong; Zhang, Hongbing; Zhang, Jian; Zhang, Jiangwei; Zhang, Jianhua; Zhang, Jing-Pu; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Lin; Zhang, Long; Zhang, Ming-Yong; Zhang, Xiangnan; Zhang, Xu Dong; Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Yanjin; Zhang, Yingmei; Zhang, Yunjiao; Zhao, Mei; Zhao, Wei-Li; Zhao, Xiaonan; Zhao, Yan G; Zhao, Ying; Zhao, Yongchao; Zhao, Yu-Xia; Zhao, Zhendong; Zhao, Zhizhuang J; Zheng, Dexian; Zheng, Xi-Long; Zheng, Xiaoxiang; Zhivotovsky, Boris; Zhong, Qing; Zhou, Guang-Zhou; Zhou, Guofei; Zhou, Huiping; Zhou, Shu-Feng; Zhou, Xu-Jie; Zhu, Hongxin; Zhu, Hua; Zhu, Wei-Guo; Zhu, Wenhua; Zhu, Xiao-Feng; Zhu, Yuhua; Zhuang, Shi-Mei; Zhuang, Xiaohong; Ziparo, Elio; Zois, Christos E; Zoladek, Teresa; Zong, Wei-Xing; Zorzano, Antonio; Zughaier, Susu M
Autophagy. 12(1):1-222
Academic Journal
Cook D; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Deane A; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Lauzier F; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Zytaruk N; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Guyatt G; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Saunders L; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Hardie M; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Heels-Ansdell D; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Alhazzani W; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Marshall J; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Muscedere J; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Myburgh J; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; English S; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Arabi YM; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Ostermann M; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Knowles S; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Hammond N; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Byrne KM; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Chapman M; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Venkatesh B; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Young P; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Rajbhandari D; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Poole A; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Al-Fares A; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Reis G; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Johnson D; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Iqbal M; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Hall R; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Meade M; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Hand L; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Duan E; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Clarke F; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Dionne JC; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Tsang JLY; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Rochwerg B; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Karachi T; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Lamontagne F; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; D'Aragon F; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; St Arnaud C; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Reeve B; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Geagea A; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Niven D; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Vazquez-Grande G; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Zarychanski R; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Ovakim D; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Wood G; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Burns KEA; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Goffi A; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Wilcox ME; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Henderson W; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Forrest D; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Fowler R; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Adhikari NKJ; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Ball I; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Mele T; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Binnie A; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Trop S; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Mehta S; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Morgan I; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Loubani O; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Vanstone M; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Fiest K; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Charbonney E; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Cavayas YA; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Archambault P; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Rewa OG; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Lau V; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Kristof AS; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Khwaja K; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Williamson D; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Kanji S; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Sy E; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Dennis B; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Reynolds S; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Marquis F; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Lellouche F; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Rahman A; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Hosek P; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Barletta JF; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Cirrone R; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Tutschka M; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Xie F; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Billot L; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Thabane L; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).; Finfer S; From From the Departments of Medicine (D.C., G.G., W.A., M.M., E.D., J.C.D., J.L.Y.T., B. Rochwerg, T.K.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (D.C., N.Z., G.G., D.H.-A., G.R., W.A., M.M., L.H., F.C., J.C.D., B. Rochwerg, F.X., L.T.), and Family Medicine (M.V.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (B.D.), Population Health and Optimal Health Practice Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC (F. Lauzier), St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Research Institute, Hamilton, ON (D.C., F.C., G.G., L.S., L.T., N.Z.), Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto (J. Marshall, K.B., A. Goffi, M.E.W., R.F., N.K.J.A., S.M.); Queen's University, Kingston, ON (J. Muscedere), the Department of Medicine, Critical Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (S.E.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (R.H., O.L.), Niagara Health, St. Catharines, ON (E.D., J.L.Y.T.), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC (F. Lamontagne, F.D., C.S.A.), Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, ON (B. Reeve), North York General Hospital, Toronto (A. Geagea), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB (D.N., K.F.), the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (G.V.-G., R.Z.), Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC (D.O., G.W.), Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (K.B., A. Goffi), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC (W.H.), Nanaimo Regional General Hospital, Nanaimo, BC (D.F.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto (R.F., N.K.J.A.), Western University, London, ON (I.B., T.M.), William Osler Hospital, Brampton, ON (A.B., S.T.), Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (S.M.), Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Cambridge, ON (I.M.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.C.) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (E.C., Y.A.C.), University of Montreal (D.W.), Montreal, Université Laval, Quebec, QC (P.A.), the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton (O.G.R., V.L.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (A.S.K.), and the Department of Critical Care, McGill University (A.S.K., K.K.), Montreal, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (S. Kanji), the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and the Department of Critical Care, Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina (E.S.), Royal Columbia Hospital, New Westminster, BC (S.R.), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal (F.M.), Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (F. Lellouche), the Department of Medicine, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON (A.R.), Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, ON (P.H.), St. Joseph's Hospital, Toronto (R.C.), St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB (M.T.) - all in Canada; the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (A.D.); the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (M.H., J. Myburgh, S. Knowles, N.H., B.V., D.R., L.B., S.F.) and St. George Hospital (J. Myburgh), Sydney, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC (K.M.B.), and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA (M.C., A.P.) - all in Australia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y.M.A.); King's College London (M.O.) and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College (S.F.), London; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (P.Y.); the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine, Kuwait Extracorporeal Life Support Program, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait (A.A.-F.); Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.R.); the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (D.J.); the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.I.); and Midwestern University, College of Pharmacy, Glendale, AZ (J.F.B.).
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Conference
OFC/NFOEC Technical Digest. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2005. Optical fiber communications Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2005. Technical Digest. OFC/NFOEC. 4:3 pp. Vol. 4 2005
Academic Journal
Zampieri, Fernando G.; da Costa, Bruno R.; Vaara, Suvi T.; Lamontagne, François; Rochwerg, Bram; Nichol, Alistair D.; McGuinness, Shay; McAuley, Danny F.; Ostermann, Marlies; Wald, Ron; Bagshaw, Sean M.; Bagshaw, Sean M.; Wald, Ron; Adhikari, Neill K. J.; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Dreyfuss, Didier; Du, Bin; Gallagher, Martin P.; Gaudry, Stéphane; Lamontagne, François; Joannidis, Michael; Liu, Kathleen D.; McAuley, Daniel F.; McGuinness, Shay P.; Nichol, Alistair D.; Ostermann, Marlies; Palevsky, Paul M.; Qiu, Haibo; Pettilä, Ville; Schneider, Antoine G.; Smith, Orla M.; Vaara, Suvi; Weir, Matthew; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Eastwood, Glenn M.; Peck, Leah; Young, Helen; Kruger, Peter; Laurie, Gordon; Saylor, Emma; Meyer, Jason; Venz, Ellen; Wetzig, Krista; French, Craig; McGain, Forbes; Mulder, John; Fennessy, Gerard; Koottayi, Sathyajith; Bates, Samantha; Towns, Miriam; Morgan, Rebecca; Tippett, Anna; Udy, Andrew; Mason, Chris; Licari, Elisa; Gantner, Dashiell; McClure, Jason; Nichol, Alistair; McCracken, Phoebe; Board, Jasmin; Martin, Emma; Vallance, Shirley; Young, Meredith; Vladic, Chelsey; McGloughlin, Steve; Gattas, David; Buhr, Heidi; Coles, Jennifer; Hutch, Debra; Wun, James; Cole, Louise; Whitehead, Christina; Lowrey, Julie; Masters, Kristy; Gresham, Rebecca; Campbell, Victoria; Gutierrez, David; Brailsford, Jane; Forbes, Loretta; Murray, Lauren; Maguire, Teena; NiChonghaile, Martina; Orford, Neil; Bone, Allison; Elderkin, Tania; Salerno, Tania; Chimunda, Tim; Fletcher, Jason; Broadfield, Emma; Porwal, Sanjay; Knott, Cameron; Boschert, Catherine; Smith, Julie; Richardson, Angus; Hill, Dianne; Duke, Graeme; Oziemski, Peter; Cegarra, Santiago; Chan, Peter; Welsh, Deborah; Hunter, Stephanie; Roodenburg, Owen; Dyett, John; Kokotsis, Nicos; Moser, Max; Yang, Yang; Padayachee, Laven; Vetro, Joseph; Gangopadhyay, Himangsu; Kaufman, Melissa; Ghosh, Angaj; Said, Simone; Patel, Alpesh; Bihari, Shailesh; Matheson, Elisha; Jin, Xia; Shrestha, Tapaswi; Schwartz, Kate; Gallagher, Martin P.; Cross, Rosalba; Cheung, Winston; Wong, Helen; Kol, Mark; Shah, Asim; Wang, Amanda Y.; Endre, Zoltan; Bradford, Celia; Janin, Pierre; Finfer, Simon; Diel, Naomi; Gatward, Jonathan; Hammond, Naomi; Delaney, Anthony; Bass, Frances; Yarad, Elizabeth; Buscher, Hergen; Reynolds, Claire; Baker, Nerilee; Joannidis, Michael; Bellmann, Romuald; Peer, Andreas; Hasslacher, Julia; Koglberger, Paul; Klein, Sebastian; Zotter, Klemens; Brandtner, Anna; Finkenstedt, Armin; Ditlbacher, Adelheid; Hartig, Frank; Fries, Dietmar; Bachler, Mirjam; Schenk, Bettina; Wagner, Martin; Eller, Philipp; Staudinger, Thomas; Tiller, Esther; Schellongowski, Peter; Bojic, Andja; Hoste, Eric A.; Bracke, Stephanie; De Crop, Luc; Vermeiren, Daisy; Thome, Fernando; Chiella, Bianca; Fendt, Lucia; Antunes, Veronica; Lafrance, Jean-Philippe; Lamontagne, François; D'Aragon, Frédérick; St-Arnaud, Charles; Mayette, Michael; Carbonnaeu, Élaine; Marchand, Joannie; Masse, Marie-Hélène; Ladouceur, Marilène; Turgeon, Alexis F.; Lauzier, François; Bellemare, David; Francoeur, Charles Langis; LeBlanc, Guillaume; Guilbault, Gabrielle; Grenier, Stéphanie; Cloutier, Eve; Boivin, Annick; Delisle-Thibault, Charles; Giannakouros, Panagiota; Costerousse, Olivier; Cailhier, Jean-François; Carrier, François-Martin; Ghamraoui, Ali; Lebrasseur, Martine; Benettaib, Fatna; Salamé, Maya; Boumahni, Dounia; Sia, Ying Tung; Naud, Jean-François; Roy, Isabelle; Stelfox, Henry T.; Ruddell, Stacey; Manns, Braden J.; Duggan, Shelley; Carney, Dominic; Barchard, Jennifer; Whitlock, Richard P.; Belley-Cote, Emilie; Savija, Nevena; Sabev, Alexandra; Campbell, Troy; Creary, Thais; Devereaux, Kelson; Brodutch, Shira; Rigatto, Claudio; Paunovic, Bojan; Mooney, Owen; Glybina, Anna; Harasemiw, Oksana; Di Nella, Michelle; Harmon, John; Mehta, Navdeep; Lakatos, Louis; Haslam, Nicole; Lellouche, Francois; Simon, Mathieu; Tung, Ying; Lizotte, Patricia; Bourchard, Pierre-Alexandre; Rochwerg, Bram; Karachi, Tim; Millen, Tina; Muscedere, John; Maslove, David; Gordon Boyd, J.; Sibley, Stephanie; Drover, John; Hunt, Miranda; Georgescu, Ilinca; Wax, Randy; Lenga, Ilan; Sridhar, Kavita; Steele, Andrew; Fusco, Kelly; Ghate, Taneera; Tolibas, Michael; Robinson, Holly; Weir, Matthew A.; Taneja, Ravi; Ball, Ian M.; Garg, Amit; Campbell, Eileen; Ovsenek, Athena; Bagshaw, Sean M.; van Diepen, Sean; Baig, Nadia; Magder, Sheldon; Yao, Han; Alam, Ahsan; Campisi, Josie; MacIntyre, Erika; Rokosh, Ella; Scherr, Kimberly; Lapinsky, Stephen; Mehta, Sangeeta; Shah, Sumesh; Niven, Daniel J.; Stelfox, Henry T.; Ruddell, Stacey; Russell, Michael; Jim, Kym; Brown, Gillian; Oxtoby, Kerry; Hall, Adam; Benoit, Luc; Sokolowski, Colleen; Prasad, Bhanu; Rao, Jag; Giebel, Shelley; Kutsogiannis, Demetrios J.; Thompson, Patricia; Thompson, Tayne; Cirone, Robert; Kavikondala, Kanthi; Soth, Mark; Clarke, France; Takaoka, Alyson; Wald, Ron; Mazer, David; Burns, Karen; Friedrich, Jan; Klein, David; Sandhu, Gyan; Santos, Marlene; Khalid, Imrana; Hodder, Jennifer; Dodek, Peter; Ayas, Najib; Alcuaz, Victoria; Suen, Gabriel; Rewa, Oleksa; Singh, Gurmeet; Norris, Sean; Gibson, Neil; Arias, Castro; Shami, Aysha; Pelletier, Celine; Adhikari, Neill K. J.; Zahirieh, Alireza; Amaral, Andre; Marinoff, Nicole; Kaur, Navjot; Perez, Adic; Wang, Jane; Haljan, Gregory; Condin, Christopher; McIntyre, Lauralyn; Gomes, Brigette; Porteous, Rebecca; Watpool, Irene; Hiremath, Swapnil; Clark, Edward; Herridge, Margaret S.; Backhouse, Felicity; Elizabeth Wilcox, M.; Walczak, Karolina; Ki, Vincent; Sharman, Asheer; Romano, Martin; Bagshaw, Sean M.; Noel Gibney, R. T.; Romanovsky, Adam S.; Rewa, Oleksa; McCoshen, Lorena; Baig, Nadia; Wood, Gordon; Ovakim, Daniel; Auld, Fiona; Carney, Gayle; Duan, Meili; Ji, Xiaojun; Guo, Dongchen; Qi, Zhili; Lin, Jin; Zhang, Meng; Dong, Lei; Liu, Jingfeng; Liu, Pei; Zhi, Deyuan; Bai, Guoqiang; Qiu, Yu; Yang, Ziqi; Bai, Jing; Liu, Zhuang; Zhuang, Haizhou; Wang, Haiman; Li, Jian; Zhao, Mengya; Zhou, Xiao; Shi, Xianqing; Ye, Baning; Liu, Manli; Wu, Jing; Fu, Yongjian; Long, Dali; Pan, Yu; Wang, Jinlong; Mei, Huaxian; Zhang, Songsong; Wen, Mingxiang; Yang, Enyu; Mu, Sijie; Li, Jianquan; Hu, Tingting; Qin, Bingyu; Li, Min; Wang, Cunzhen; Dong, Xin; Wang, Kaiwu; Wang, Haibo; Yang, Jianxu; Du, Bin; Wang, Chuanyao; Wang, Dongxin; Li, Nan; Yu, Zhui; Xu, Song; Yao, Lan; Hou, Guo; Liu, Zhou; Lu, Liping; Lian, Yingtao; Wang, Chunting; Zhang, Jichen; Ding, Ruiqi; Qi, Guoqing; Wang, Qizhi; Wang, Peng; Meng, Zhaoli; Chen, Man; Hu, Xiaobo; He, Xiandi; Zhao, Shibing; Hang, Lele; Li, Rui; Qin, Suhui; Lu, Kun; Dun, Shijuan; Liu, Cheng; Zhou, Qi; Chen, Zhenzhen; Mei, Jing; Zhang, Minwei; Xu, Hao; Lin, Jincan; Shi, Qindong; Fu, Lijuan; Zeng, Qinjing; Ma, Hongye; Yan, Jinqi; Gao, Lan; Liu, Hongjuan; Zhang, Lei; Li, Hao; He, Xiaona; Fan, Jingqun; Guo, Litao; Liu, Yu; Wang, Xue; Sun, Jingjing; Liu, Zhongmin; Yang, Juan; Ding, Lili; Sheng, Lulu; Liu, Xingang; Yan, Jie; Wang, Quihui; Wang, Yifeng; Zhao, Dan; Zhao, Shuangping; Hu, Chenghuan; Li, Jing; Deng, Fuxing; Qui, Haibo; Yang, Yi; Mo, Min; Pan, Chun; Wu, Changde; Huang, Yingzi; Huang, Lili; Liu, Airan; Pettilä, Ville; Vaara, Suvi T.; Korhonen, Anna-Maija; Törnblom, Sanna; Sutinen, Sari; Pettilä, Leena; Heinonen, Jonna; Lappi, Eliria; Suhonen, Taria; Karlsson, Sari; Hoppu, Sanna; Jalkanen, Ville; Kuitunen, Anne; Levoranta, Markus; Långsjö, Jaakko; Ristimäki, Sanna; Malila, Kaisa; Wootten, Anna; Varila, Simo; Järvisalo, Mikko J.; Inkinen, Outi; Kentala, Satu; Leivo, Keijo; Haltia, Paivi; Dreyfuss, Didier; Ricard, Jean-Damien; Messika, Jonathan; Tiagarajah, Abirami; Emery, Malo; Dechanet, Aline; Gernez, Coralie; Roux, Damien; Martin-Lefevre, Laurent; Fiancette, Maud; Vinatier, Isabelle; Lacherade, Jean Claude; Colin, Gwenhaël; Lebert, Christine; Azais, Marie-Ange; Yehia, Aihem; Pouplet, Caroline; Lagarrigue, Matthieu Henry-; Seguin, Amélie; Crosby, Laura; Maizel, Julien; Titeca-Beauport, Dimitri; Combes, Alain; Nieszkowska, Ania; Masi, Paul; Demoule, Alexandre; Mayaux, Julien; Dres, Martin; Morawiec, Elise; Decalvele, Maxens; Demiri, Suela; Faure, Morgane; Marios, Clémence; Mallet, Maxime; Ordon, Marie Amélie; Morizot, Laura; Cantien, Marie; Pousset, François; Gaudry, Stéphane; Poirson, Florent; Cohen, Yves; Argaud, Laurent; Cour, Martin; Bitker, Laurent; Simon, Marie; Hernu, Romain; Baudry, Thomas; De La Salle, Sylvie; Robine, Adrien; Sedillot, Nicholas; Tchenio, Xavier; Bouisse, Camille; Roux, Sylvie; Barbar, Saber Davide; Trusson, Rémi; Tamion, Fabienne; Grangé, Steven; Carpentier, Dorothée; Chevrel, Guillaume; Ensenyat-Martin, Luis; Marque, Sophie; Quenot, Jean-Pierre; Andreu, Pascal; Dargent, Auguste; Large, Audrey; Chudeau, Nicolas; Landais, Mickael; Derrien, Benoit; Callahan, Jean Christophe; Guitton, Christophe; Le Moal, Charlène; Robert, Alain; Asehnoune, Karim; Cinotti, Raphaël; Grillot, Nicolas; Demeure, Dominique; Vinsonneau, Christophe; Rahmani, Imen; Marzouk, Mehdi; Dekeyser, Thibault; Sejourne, Caroline; Verlay, Mélanie; Thevenin, Fabienne; Delecolle, Lucie; Thevenin, Didier; Souweine, Bertrand; Coupez, Elisabeth; Adda, Mireille; Eraldi, Jean-Pierre; Marchalot, Antoine; De Prost, Nicolas; Dessap, Armand Mekontso; Razazi, Keyvan; Meziani, Ferhat; Boisrame-Helms, Julie; Clere-Jehl, Raphael; Delabranche, Xavier; Kummerlen, Christine; Merdji, Hamid; Monnier, Alexandra; Rabouel, Yannick; Rahmani, Hassene; Allam, Hayat; Chenaf, Samir; Franja, Vincenta; Pons, Bertrand; Carles, Michel; Martino, Frédéric; Richard, Régine; Zuber, Benjamin; Lacave, Guillaume; Lakhal, Karim; Rozec, Bertrand; Van, Hoa Dang; Boulet, Éric; Fadel, Fouad; Cleophax, Cedric; Dufour, Nicolas; Grant, Caroline; Thuong, Marie; Reignier, Jean; Canet, Emmanuel; Nicolet, Laurent; Boulain, Thierry; Nay, Mai-Anh; Benzekri, Dalila; Barbier, François; Bretagnol, Anne; Kamel, Toufik; Mathonnet, Armelle; Muller, Grégoire; Skarzynski, Marie; Rossi, Julie; Pradet, Amandine; Dos Santos, Sandra; Guery, Aurore; Muller, Lucie; Felix, Luis; Bohé, Julien; Thiéry, Guillaume; Aissaoui, Nadia; Vimpere, Damien; Commeureuc, Morgane; Diehl, Jean-Luc; Guerot, Emmanuel; Liangos, Orfeas; Wittig, Monika; Zarbock, Alexander; Küllmar, Mira; van Waegeningh, Thomas; Rosenow, Nadine; Nichol, Alistair D.; Brickell, Kathy; Doran, Peter; Murray, Patrick T.; Landoni, Giovanni; Lembo, Rosalba; Zangrillo, Alberto; Monti, Giacomo; Tozzi, Margherita; Marzaroli, Matteo; Lombardi, Gaetano; Paternoster, Gianluca; Vitiello, Michelangelo; McGuinness, Shay; Parke, Rachael; Butler, Magdalena; Gilder, Eileen; Cowdrey, Keri-Anne; Wallace, Samantha; Hallion, Jane; Woolett, Melissa; Neal, Philippa; Duffy, Karina; Long, Stephanie; McArthur, Colin; Simmonds, Catherine; Chen, Yan; McConnochie, Rachael; Newby, Lynette; Knight, David; Henderson, Seton; Mehrtens, Jan; Morgan, Stacey; Morris, Anna; Vander Hayden, Kymbalee; Burke, Tara; Bailey, Matthew; Freebairn, Ross; Chadwick, Lesley; Park, Penelope; Rolls, Christine; Thomas, Liz; Buehner, Ulrike; Williams, Erin; Albrett, Jonathan; Kirkham, Simon; Jackson, Carolyn; Browne, Troy; Goodson, Jennifer; Jackson, David; Houghton, James; Callender, Owen; Higson, Vicki; Keet, Owen; Dominy, Clive; Young, Paul; Hunt, Anna; Judd, Harriet; Lawrence, Cassie; Olatunji, Shaanti; Robertson, Yvonne; Latimer-Bell, Charlotte; Hendry, Deborah; Mckay-Vucago, Agnes; Beehre, Nina; Lesona, Eden; Navarra, Leanlove; Robinson, Chelsea; Jang, Ryan; Junge, Andrea; Lambert, Bridget; Schneider, Antoine G.; Thibault, Michel; Eckert, Philippe; Kissling, Sébastien; Polychronopoulos, Erietta; Poli, Elettra; Altarelli, Marco; Schnorf, Madeleine; Mallaird, Samia Abed; Heidegger, Claudia; Perret, Aurelie; Montillier, Philippe; Sangla, Frederic; Neils, Seigenthaller; De Watteville, Aude; Phull, Mandeep-Kaur; George, Aparna; Hussain, Nauman; Pogreban, Tatiana; Lobaz, Steve; Daniels, Alison; Cunningham, Mishell; Kerr, Deborah; Nicholson, Alice; Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep; Abrams, Judith; Manso, Katarina; Hambrook, Geraldine; McKerrow, Elizabeth; Salva, Juvy; Foulkes, Stephen; Wise, Matthew; Morgan, Matt; Brooks, Jenny; Cole, Jade; Davies, Tracy Michelle; Hill, Helen; Thomas, Emma; Vizcaychipi, Marcela; Baharlo, Behrad; Carungcong, Jaime; Costa, Patricia; Martins, Laura; Kapoor, Ritoo; Hazelton, Tracy; Moon, Angela; Musselwhite, Janine; Shelley, Ben; McCall, Philip; Ostermann, Marlies; Arbane, Gill; Bociek, Aneta; Marotti, Martina; Lim, Rosario; Campos, Sara; Novellas, Neus Grau; Cennamo, Armando; Slack, Andrew; Wyncoll, Duncan; Camporota, Luigi; Sparkes, Simon; Tilley, Rosalinde; Rattray, Austin; Moreland, Gayle; Duffy, Jane; McGonigal, Elizabeth; Hopkins, Philip; Finney, Clare; Smith, John; Noble, Harriet; Watson, Hayley; Harris, Claire-Louise; Clarey, Emma; Corcoran, Eleanor; Beck, James; Howcroft, Clare; Youngs, Nora; Wilby, Elizabeth; Ogg, Bethan; Wolverson, Adam; Lee, Sandra; Butler, Susie; Okubanjo, Maryanne; Hindle, Julia; Welters, Ingeborg; Williams, Karen; Johnson, Emily; Patrick-Heselton, Julie; Shaw, David; Waugh, Victoria; Stewart, Richard; Mwaura, Esther; Wren, Lynn; Mew, Louise; Sutherland, Sara-Beth; Adderley, Jane; Ruddy, Jim; Harkins, Margaret; Kaye, Callum; Scott, Teresa; Mitchell, Wendy; Anderson, Felicity; Willox, Fiona; Jagannathan, Vijay; Clark, Michele; Purv, Sarah; Sharman, Andrew; Meredith, Megan; Ryan, Lucy; Conner, Louise; Peters, Cecilia; Harvey, Dan; Roshdy, Ashraf; Collins, Amy; Sim, Malcolm; Henderson, Steven; Chee, Nigel; Pitts, Sally; Bowman, Katie; Dilawershah, Maria; Vamplew, Luke; Howe, Elizabeth; Rogers, Paula; Hernandez, Clara; Prendergast, Clara; Benton, Jane; Rosenberg, Alex; Forni, Lui G.; Grant, Alice; Carvelli, Paula; Raithatha, Ajay; Bird, Sarah; Richardson, Max; Needham, Matthew; Hirst, Claire; Ball, Jonathan; Leaver, Susannah; Howlett, Luisa; Delgado, Carlos Castro; Farnell-Ward, Sarah; Farrah, Helen; Gray, Geraldine; Joseph, Gipsy; Robinson, Francesca; Tridente, Ascanio; Harrop, Clare; Shuker, Karen; McLaughlan, Derek; Ramsey, Judith; Meehan, Sharon; Rose, Bernd Oliver; Reece-Anthony, Rosie; Gurung, Babita; Whitehouse, Tony; Snelson, Catherine; Veenith, Tonny; Johnston, Andy; Cooper, Lauren; Carrera, Ron; Ellis, Karen; Fellows, Emma; Harkett, Samanth; Bergin, Colin; Spruce, Elaine; Despy, Liesl; Goundry, Stephanie; Dooley, Natalie; Mason, Tracy; Clark, Amy; Dignam, Gemma; Ward, Geraldine; Attwood, Ben; Parsons, Penny; Mason, Sophie; Margarson, Michael; Lord, Jenny; McGlone, Philip; Hodgson, Luke E.; Chadbourn, Indra; Gomez, Raquel; Margalef, Jordi; Pretorius, Rinus; Hamshere, Alexandra; Carter, Joseph; Cahill, Hazel; Grainger, Lia; Howard, Kate; Forshaw, Greg; Guy, Zoe; Kashani, Kianoush B.; Albright Jr., Robert C.; Amsbaugh, Amy; Stoltenberg, Anita; Niven, Alexander S.; Lynch, Matthew; O'Mara, AnnMarie; Naeem, Syed; Sharif, Sairah; Goulart, Joyce McKenney; Lynch, Matthew; O'Mara, AnnMarie; Naeem, Syed; Sharif, Sairah; Goulart, Joyce McKenney; Tolwani, Ashita; Lyas, Claretha; Latta, Laura; Bihorac, Azra; Hashemighouchani, Haleh; Efron, Philip; Ruppert, Matthew; Cupka, Julie; Kiley, Sean; Carson, Joshua; White, Peggy; Omalay, George; Brown, Sherry; Velez, Laura; Marceron, Alina; Neyra, Javier A.; Aycinena, Juan Carlos; Elias, Madona; Ortiz-Soriano, Victor M.; Hauschild, Caroline; Dorfman, Robert
Critical Care. August 25, 2022, Vol. 26 Issue 1
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E. Gonzalez; F. E. Pitre; A. P. Pagé; J. Marleau; W. Guidi Nissim; M. St-Arnaud; M. Labrecque; S. Joly; E. Yergeau; N. J. B. Brereton
Microbiome, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-30 (2018)
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