부산대학교 도서관

Shenouda, S.S. ; Langer, G.A. ; Katona, G.L. ; Daróczi, L. ; Csik, A. ; Beke, D.L.

In Applied Surface Science 30 November 2014 320:627-633

Dauriz, Marco; Targher, Giovanni; Temporelli, Pier Luigi; Lucci, Donata; Gonzini, Lucio; Nicolosi, Gian Luigi; Marchioli, Roberto; Tognoni, Gianni; Latini, Roberto; Cosmi, Franco; Tavazzi, Luigi; Maggioni, Aldo Pietro; Barlera, Simona; Franzosi, Maria Grazia; Maggioni, Aldo P.; Porcu, Maurizio; Yusuf, Salim; Camerini, Fulvio; Cohn, Jay N.; Decarli, Adriano; Pitt, Bertram; Sleight, Peter; Poole‐Wilson, Philip A.; Geraci, Enrico; Scherillo, Marino; Fabbri, Gianna; Bartolomei, Barbara; Bertoli, Daniele; Cobelli, Franco; Fresco, Claudio; Ledda, Antonietta; Levantesi, Giacomo; Opasich, Cristina; Rusconi, Franco; Sinagra, Gianfranco; Turazza, Fabio; Volpi, Alberto; Ceseri, Martina; Alongi, Gianluca; Atzori, Antonio; Bambi, Filippo; Bastarolo, Desiree; Bianchini, Francesca; Cangioli, Iacopo; Canu, Vittoriana; Caporusso, Concetta; Cenni, Gabriele; Cintelli, Laura; Cocchio, Michele; Confente, Alessia; Fenicia, Eva; Friso, Giorgio; Gianfriddo, Marco; Grilli, Gianluca; Lazzaro, Beatrice; Lonardo, Giuseppe; Luise, Alessia; Nota, Rachele; Orlando, Mariaelena; Petrolo, Rosaria; Pierattini, Chiara; Pierota, Valeria; Provenzani, Alessandro; Quartuccio, Velia; Ragno, Anna; Serio, Chiara; Spolaor, Alvise; Tafi, Arianna; Tellaroli, Elisa; Ghio, Stefano; Ghizzardi, Elisa; Masson, Serge; Crociati, Lella; La Rovere, Maria Teresa; Corrà, Ugo; Finzi, Andrea; Gorini, Marco; Milani, Valentina; Orsini, Giampietro; Bianchini, Elisa; Cabiddu, Silvia; Cangioli, Ilaria; Cipressa, Laura; Cipressa, Maria Lucia; Di Bitetto, Giuseppina; Ferri, Barbara; Galbiati, Luisa; Lorimer, Andrea; Pera, Carla; Priami, Paola; Vasamì, Antonella; Moccetti, T.; Rossi, M.G.; Pasotti, E.; Vaghi, F.; Roncarolo, P.; Zunino, M.T.; Matta, F.; Perinetto, E. Actis; Gaita, F.; Azzaro, G.; Zanetta, M.; Paino, A.M.; Parravicini, U.; Vegis, D.; Conte, R.; Ferraro, P.; De Bernardi, A.; Morelloni, S.; Fagnani, M.; Lucchina, P. Greco; Montagna, L.; Bellone, E.; Sappè, D.; Ferraro, F.; Delucchi, M.; Reynaud, S.G.; Dore, M.; La Brocca, A.; Massobrio, N.; Bo, L.; Trinchero, R.; Imazio, M.; Brocchi, G.; Nejrotti, A.; Rissone, L.; Gabasio, S.; Zocchi, C.; Randazzo, S.; Crenna, A.; Giannuzzi, P.; Bonanomi, E.; Mezzani, A.; De Marchi, M.; Begliuomini, G.; Gianonatti, C.A.; Gavazzi, A.; Grosu, A.; Dei Cas, L.; Nodari, S.; Garyfallidis, P.; Bertoletti, A.; Bonifazi, C.; Arisi, S.; Mascaro, F.; Fraccarollo, M.; Dell'Orto, S.; Sfolcini, M.; Bortolini, F.; Raccagni, D.; Turelli, A.; Santarone, M.; Miglierina, E.; Sormani, L.; Jemoli, R.; Tettamanti, F.; Pirelli, S.; Bianchi, C.; Verde, S.; Mariani, M.; Ziacchi, V.; Ferrazza, A.; Russo, A.; Bortolotti, M.; Pasini, G.F.; Volpi, A.; Jones, K.N.; Cuzzucrea, D.; Gullace, G.; Carbone, C.; Granata, A.; De Servi, S.; Del Rosso, G.; Inserra, C.; Renaldini, E.; Zappa, C.; Moretti, M.; Zanini, R.; Ferrari, M.; Moroni, E.; Cei, A.; Lissi, C.; Dovico, E.; Fiorentini, C.; Palermo, P.; Brusoni, B.; Negrini, M.; Heyman, J.; Danzi, G.B.; Finzi, A.; Frigerio, M.; Turazza, F.; Beretta, L.; Sachero, A.; Casazza, F.; Squadroni, L.; Lombardi, F.; Marano, L.; Margonato, A.; Fragasso, G.; Febo, O.C.; Aiolfi, E.; Olmetti, F.; Grieco, A.; Antonazzo, V.; Specchia, G.; Mortara, A.; Robustelli, F.; Songini, M.G.; Schweiger, C.; Frisinghelli, A.; Palvarini, M.; Campana, C.; Scelsi, L.; Ajmone Marsan, N.; Cobelli, F.; Gualco, A.; Opasich, C.; De Feo, S.; Mazzucco, R.; Iannone, M.A.; Diaco, T.; Zaniboni, D.; Milanesi, G.; Nassiacos, D.; Meloni, S.; Giani, P.; Nicoli, T.; Malinverni, C.; Gusmini, A.; Pozzoni, L.; Bisiani, G.; Margaroli, P.; Schizzarotto, A.; Daverio, A.; Occhi, G.; Partesana, N.; Bandini, P.; Rosella, M.G.; Giustiniani, S.; Cucchi, G.; Pedretti, R.; Raimondo, R.; Vaninetti, R.; Fedele, A.; Ghezzi, I.; Rezzonico, E.; Salerno Uriarte, J.A.; Morandi, F.; Salvucci, F.; Valenti, C.; Graziano, G.; Romanò, M.; Cimminiello, C.; Mangone, I.; Lombardo, M.; Quorso, P.; Marinoni, G.; Breghi, M.; Erckert, M.; Dienstl, A.; Mirante Marini, G.; Stefenelli, C.; Cioffi, G.; Buczkowska, E.; Bonanome, A.; Bazzanini, F.; Parissenti, L.; Serafini, C.; Catania, G.; Tarantini, L.; Rigatelli, G.; Boni, S.; Pasini, A.; Masini, E.; Zampiero, A.A.; Zanchetta, M.; Franceschetto, L.; Delise, P.; Marcon, C.; Sacchetta, A.; Borgese, L.; Artusi, L.; Casolino, P.; Corbara, F.; Banzato, A.; Barbiero, M.; Aldegheri, M.P.; Bazzucco, R.; Crivellenti, G.; Raviele, A.; Zanella, C.; Pascotto, P.; Sarto, P.; Milan, S.; Barbieri, E.; Girardi, P.; Dalla Villa, W.; Dalle Mule, J.; Di Sipio, M.L.; Cazzin, R.; Milan, D.; Zonzin, P.; Carraro, M.; Rossi, R.; Carbonieri, E.; Rossi, I.; Stritoni, P.; Meneghetti, P.; Risica, G.; Tenderini, P.L.; Vassanelli, C.; Zanolla, L.; Perini, G.; Brighetti, G.; Chiozza, R.; Giuliano, G.; Gortan, R.; Cesanelli, R.; Nicolosi, G.L.; Piazza, R.; Mos, L.; Vriz, O.; Pavan, D.; Pascottini, G.; Alberti, E.; Werren, M.; Solinas, L.; Sinagra, G.; Longaro, F.; Fioretti, P.; Albanese, M.C.; Miani, D.; Gianrossi, R.; Pende, A.; Rubartelli, P.; Magaia, O.; Domenicucci, S.; Caruso, D.; Faraguti, A.S.; Magliani, L.; Miccoli, F.; Guglielmino, G.; Bertoli, D.; Cantarelli, A.; Orlandi, S.; Vallebona, A.; Pozzati, A.; Brega, G.; Pancaldi, L.G.; Vandelli, R.; Urbinati, S.; Poci, M.G.; Zoli, M.; Costa, G.M.; Guiducci, U.; Zobbi, G.; Tartagni, F.; Tisselli, A.; Gentili, A.; Pieri, P.; Cagnetta, E.; Bendinelli, S.; Barbieri, A.; Conti, R.; Ferrari, R.; Merlini, F.; Fucili, A.; Moruzzi, P.; Buia, E.; Galvani, M.; Ferrini, D.; Baggioni, G.; Yiannacopulu, P.; Canè, G.; Bonfiglioli, A.; Zandomeneghi, R.; Brugioni, L.; Giannini, A.; Di Ruvo, R.; Giuliani, M.; Rusconi, L.; Del Corso, P.; Piovaccari, G.; Bologna, F.; Venturi, P.; Melandri, F.; Bagni, E.; Bolognese, L.; Perticucci, R.; Zuppiroli, A.; Nannini, M.; Consoli, N.; Petrone, P.; Pipitò, C.; Colombi, L.; Bernardi, D.; Mariani, P.R.; Testa, R.; Mazzinghi, F.; Cosmi, F.; Cosmi, D.; Zipoli, A.; Cecchi, A.; Castelli, G.; Ciaccheri, M.; Mori, F.; Pieri, F.; Valoti, P.; Chiarantini, D.; Santoro, G.M.; Minneci, C.; Marchi, F.; Milli, M.; Zambaldi, G.; Brandinelli Geri, A.A.; Cipriani, M.; Alessandri, M.; Severi, S.; Stefanelli, S.; Comella, A.; Poddighe, R.; Digiorgio, A.; Carluccio, M.; Berti, S.; Rizza, A.; Bonatti, V.; Molendi, V.; Brancato, A.; D'Aprile, N.; Giappichini, G.; Del Vecchio, S.; Mantini, G.; De Tommasi, F.; Meucci, G.; Cordoni, M.; Bechi, S.; Barsotti, L.; Baldini, P.; Romei, M.; Scopelliti, G.; Lauri, G.; Pestelli, F.; Furiozzi, F.; Cocchieri, M.; Severini, D.; Patriarchi, F.; Chiocchi, P.; Buccolieri, M.; Martinelli, S.; Wee, A.; Angelici, F.; Bernardinangeli, M.; Proietti, G.; Biscottini, B.; Panciarola, R.; Marinacci, L.; Perna, G.P.; Gabrielli, D.; Moraca, A.; Moretti, L.; Partemi, L.; Gregori, G.; Amici, R.; Patteri, G.; Capone, P.; Savini, E.; Morgagni, G.L.; Paccaloni, L.; Pezzuoli, F.; Carincola, S.; Papi, S.; De Crescentini, S.; Gerardi, P.; Midi, P.; Gallenzi, E.; Pajes, G.; Mancone, C.; Di Spirito, V.; Di Gennaro, M.; Calcagno, S.; Toscano, S.; Antonicoli, S.; Carta, F.; Giorgi, G.; Comito, F.; Daniele, E.; Ciarla, O.; Gelfo, P.G.; Acquaviva, A.; Testa, D.; Testa, G.; Pagliaro, F.A.; Russo, F.; Vetta, F.; Marchese, I.; Di Sciascio, G.; D'Ambrosio, A.; Leggio, F.; Del Sindaco, D.; Lacchè, A.; Avallone, A.; Risa, M.P.; Azzolini, P.; Baldo, E.; Giovannini, E.; Pulignano, G.; Tondo, C.; Picchio, E.; ani, E.; Tanzi, P.; Pozzar, F.; Farnetti, F.; Azzarito, M.; Santini, M.; Varveri, A.; Ferraiuolo, G.; Valtorta, C.; Gaspardone, A.; Barbato, G.; Ceci, V.; Aspromonte, N.; Bellocci, F.; Colizzi, C.; Fedele, F.; Perez, F.I.; Galati, A.; Rossetti, A.; Mainella, A.; etta, D.; Matteucci, C.; Busi, G.; De Angelis, A.; Farina, G.; Granatelli, A.; Leone, F.; Frasca, F.; Di Giovambattista, R.; Castellani, G.; Massaro, G.; Mastrogiuseppe, G.; Vacri, A.; De Sanctis, F.; Cioli, M.; Di Luzio, S.; Napoletano, C.; Piccioni, L.L.; De Simone, G.; Ottaviano, A.; Mazza, V.; Spedaliere, C.; Staniscia, D.; Calgione, E.; De Marco, G.; Chiacchio, T.; Di Napoli, T.; Romanzi, S.; Salvatore, G.; Golino, P.; Palermo, A.; Mascia, F.; Vetrano, A.; Vinciguerra, A.; Caliendo, L.; Longobardi, R.; De Caro, G.; Di Nola, R.; Piemonte, F.; Prinzi, D.; De Rosa, P.; De Rosa, V.; Riello, F.; Capuano, V.; Vecchio, G.; Landi, M.; Amato, S.; Garofalo, M.; D'Avino, M.; Sensale, P.; Maiolica, O.; Santoro, R.; Caso, P.; Miceli, D.; Maurea, N.; Bianchi, U.; Crispo, C.; Chiariello, M.; Perrone Filardi, P.; Russo, L.; Capuano, N.; Ungaro, G.; Vergara, G.; Scafuro, F.; D'Angelo, G.; Campaniello, C.; Bottiglieri, P.; Volpe, A.; Battista, R.; De Risi, L.; Cardillo, G.; Sibilio, G.; Marino, A.P.; Silvestri, F.; Predotti, P.; Iervoglini, A.; De Matteis, C.; Sarnicola, P.; Matarazzo, M.M.; Baldi, S.; Iuliano, V.; Astarita, C.; Cuccaro, P.; Liguori, A.; Liguori, G.; Gregorio, G.; Petraglia, L.; Antonelli, G.; Amodio, G.; De Luca, I.; Traversa, D.; Franchini, G.; Lenti, M.L.; Cavallari, D.; D'Agostino, C.; Scalera, G.; Altamura, C.M.; Russo, M.; Mascolo, A.R.; Pettinati, G.; Ciricugno, S.A.; Scrutinio, D.; Passantino, A.; Mastrangelo, D.; Di Masi, A.; De Carne, R.; Cannone, M.; Dibiase, F.; Pensato, M.; Loliva, F.; Trapani, F.; Panettieri, I.; Leone, L.; Di Biase, M.; Carrone, M.; Gallone, V.; Cocco, F.; Costantini, M.; Tritto, C.; Cavalieri, F.; Stella, L.; Magliari, F.; Callerame, M.; De Giorgi, A.; Pellegrino, L.; Correra, M.; Portulano, V.; Nisi, G.L.; Grassi, G.; Cristallo, E.; De Laura, D.; Salerno, C.; Fanelli, R.; Villella, M.; Pede, S.; Renna, A.; De Lorenzi, E.; Urso, L.; Lenti, V.; Peluso, A.; Baldi, N.; Polimeni, G.; Palma, P.; Lauletta, R.; Tagliamonte, E.; Cirillo, T.; Silvestri, B.; Centonze, G.; D'Alessandro, B.; Truncellito, L.; Mecca, D.; Petruzzi, M.A.; Coviello, R.O.M.; Lopizzo, A.; telli, M.; Barbuzzi, S.; Gubelli, S.; Germinario, G.; Cosentino, N.; Mingrone, A.; Vico, R.; Borrello, G.; Mazza, M.L.; Cimino, R.; Galasso, D.; Cassadonte, F.; Talarico, U.; Perticone, F.; Cassano, S.; Catapano, F.; Calemme, S.; Feraco, E.; Cloro, C.; Misuraca, G.; Caporale, R.; Vigna, L.; Spagnuolo, V.; De Rosa, F.; Spadafora, G.; Zampaglione, G.; Russo, R.; Schipani, F.A.; Ferragina, A.F.; Stranieri, D.; Musca, G.; Carpino, C.; Bencardino, P.; Raimondo, F.; Musacchio, D.; Pulitanò, G.; Ruggeri, A.; Provenzano, A.; Salituri, S.; Musolino, M.; Calandruccio, S.; Marrari, A.; Tripodi, E.; Scali, R.; Anastasio, L.; Arone, A.; Aragona, P.; Donnangelo, L.; Comito, M.G.A.; Bilotta, F.; Vaccaro, I.; Rametta, R.; Ventura, V.; Bonvegna, A.; Alì, A.; Cinnirella, C.; Raineri, M.; Pompeo, F.; Cascio Ingurgio, N.; Carini, V.; Coco, R.; Giunta, G.; Leonardi, G.; Randazzo, V.; Di Blasi, V.; Tamburino, C.; Russo, G.; Mangiameli, S.; Cardillo, R.; Castelli, D.; Inserra, V.; Arena, A.; Gulizia, M.M.; Raciti, S.; Rapisarda, G.; Romano, R.; Prestifilippo, P.; Braschi, G.B.; Ledda, G.; Terrazzino, R.; De Caro, M.; Scilabra, G.; agnino, B.; Grassi, R.; Di Tano, G.; Scimone, G.F.; Vasquez, L.; Coppolino, C.; Casale, A.; Castelli, M.; D'Urso, G.; D'Antonio, E.; Lo Presti, L.; Badalamenti, E.; Conti, P.; Sanfilippo, N.; Cirrincione, V.; Cinà, M.T.; Cusimano, G.; Taormina, A.; Giuliano, P.; Bajardi, A.; Mandalà, V.; Canonico, A.; Geraci, G.; Sabella, F.P.; Enia, F.; Floresta, A.M.; Lo Cascio, I.; Gumina, D.; Cavallaro, A.; Piccione, G.; Ferrante, R.; Blandino, M.; Iudicello, M.S.; Mossuti, E.; Romano, G.; Lombardo, L.; Monastra, P.; Di Vincenzo, D.; Porcu, M.; Orrù, P.; Muscas, F.; Giardina, G.; Corda, M.; Locci, G.; Podda, A.; Ledda, M.; Siddi, P.; Lai, C.; Pili, G.; Mercuro, G.; Mureddu, G.; Ganau, A.; Meloni, G.; Poddighe, G.; Sanna, G.

J Am Heart Assoc
Journal of the American Heart Association 6 (2017). doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.005156
info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Dauriz M.; Targher G.; Temporelli P.L.; Lucci D.; Gonzini L.; Nicolosi G.L.; Marchioli R.; Tognoni G.; Latini R.; Cosmi F.; Tavazzi L.; Maggioni A.P.; Moccetti T.; Rossi M.G.; Pasotti E.; Vaghi F.; Roncarolo P.; Zunino M.T.; Matta F.; Actis Perinetto E.; Gaita F.; Azzaro G.; Zanetta M.; Paino A.M.; Parravicini U.; Vegis D.; Conte R.; Ferraro P.; De Bernardi A.; Morelloni S.; Fagnani M.; Greco Lucchina P.; Montagna L.; Bellone E.; Sappe D.; Ferraro F.; Delucchi M.; Reynaud S.G.; Dore M.; La Brocca A.; Massobrio N.; Bo L.; Trinchero R.; Imazio M.; Brocchi G.; Nejrotti A.; Rissone L.; Gabasio S.; Zocchi C.; Randazzo S.; Crenna A.; Giannuzzi P.; Bonanomi E.; Mezzani A.; De Marchi M.; Begliuomini G.; Gianonatti C.A.; Gavazzi A.; Grosu A.; Dei Cas L.; Nodari S.; Garyfallidis P.; Bertoletti A.; Bonifazi C.; Arisi S.; Mascaro F.; Fraccarollo M.; Dell'Orto S.; Sfolcini M.; Bortolini F.; Raccagni D.; Turelli A.; Santarone M.; Miglierina E.; Sormani L.; Jemoli R.; Tettamanti F.; Pirelli S.; Bianchi C.; Verde S.; Mariani M.; Ziacchi V.; Ferrazza A.; Russo A.; Bortolotti M.; Pasini G.F.; Volpi A.; Jones K.N.; Cuzzucrea D.; Gullace G.; Carbone C.; Granata A.; De Servi S.; Del Rosso G.; Inserra C.; Renaldini E.; Zappa C.; Moretti M.; Zanini R.; Ferrari M.; Moroni E.; Cei A.; Lissi C.; Dovico E.; Fiorentini C.; Palermo P.; Brusoni B.; Negrini M.; Heyman J.; Danzi G.B.; Finzi A.; Frigerio M.; Turazza F.; Beretta L.; Sachero A.; Casazza F.; Squadroni L.; Lombardi F.; Marano L.; Margonato A.; Fragasso G.; Febo O.C.; Aiolfi E.; Olmetti F.; Grieco A.; Antonazzo V.; Specchia G.; Mortara A.; Robustelli F.; Songini M.G.; Schweiger C.; Frisinghelli A.; Palvarini M.; Campana C.; Scelsi L.; Ajmone Marsan N.; Cobelli F.; Gualco A.; Opasich C.; De Feo S.; Mazzucco R.; Iannone M.A.; Diaco T.; Zaniboni D.; Milanesi G.; Nassiacos D.; Meloni S.; Giani P.; Nicoli T.; Malinverni C.; Gusmini A.; Pozzoni L.; Bisiani G.; Margaroli P.; Schizzarotto A.; Daverio A.; Occhi G.; Partesana N.; Bandini P.; Rosella M.G.; Giustiniani S.; Cucchi G.; Pedretti R.; Raimondo R.; Vaninetti R.; Fedele A.; Ghezzi I.; Rezzonico E.; Salerno Uriarte J.A.; Morandi F.; Salvucci F.; Valenti C.; Graziano G.; Romano M.; Cimminiello C.; Mangone I.; Lombardo M.; Quorso P.; Marinoni G.; Breghi M.; Erckert M.; Dienstl A.; Mirante Marini G.; Stefenelli C.; Cioffi G.; Buczkowska E.; Bonanome A.; Bazzanini F.; Parissenti L.; Serafini C.; Catania G.; Tarantini L.; Rigatelli G.; Boni S.; Pasini A.; Masini E.; Zampiero A.A.; Zanchetta M.; Franceschetto L.; Delise P.; Marcon C.; Sacchetta A.; Borgese L.; Artusi L.; Casolino P.; Corbara F.; Banzato A.; Barbiero M.; Aldegheri M.P.; Bazzucco R.; Crivellenti G.; Raviele A.; Zanella C.; Pascotto P.; Sarto P.; Milan S.; Barbieri E.; Girardi P.; Dalla Villa W.; Dalle Mule J.; Di Sipio M.L.; Cazzin R.; Milan D.; Zonzin P.; Carraro M.; Rossi R.; Carbonieri E.; Rossi I.; Stritoni P.; Meneghetti P.; Risica G.; Tenderini P.L.; Vassanelli C.; Zanolla L.; Perini G.; Brighetti G.; Chiozza R.; Giuliano G.; Baldin M.G.; Gortan R.; Cesanelli R.; Nicolosi G.L.; Piazza R.; Mos L.; Vriz O.; Pavan D.; Pascottini G.; Alberti E.; Werren M.; Solinas L.; Sinagra G.; Longaro F.; Fioretti P.; Albanese M.C.; Miani D.; Gianrossi R.; Pende A.; Rubartelli P.; Magaia O.; Domenicucci S.; Caruso D.; Faraguti A.S.; Magliani L.; Miccoli F.; Guglielmino G.; Bertoli D.; Cantarelli A.; Orlandi S.; Vallebona A.; Pozzati A.; Brega G.; Pancaldi L.G.; Vandelli R.; Urbinati S.; Poci M.G.; Zoli M.; Costa G.M.; Guiducci U.; Zobbi G.; Tartagni F.; Tisselli A.; Gentili A.; Pieri P.; Cagnetta E.; Bendinelli S.; Barbieri A.; Conti R.; Ferrari R.; Merlini F.; Fucili A.; Moruzzi P.; Buia E.; Galvani M.; Ferrini D.; Baggioni G.; Yiannacopulu P.; Cane G.; Bonfiglioli A.; Zandomeneghi R.; Brugioni L.; Giannini A.; Di Ruvo R.; Giuliani M.; Rusconi L.; Del Corso P.; Piovaccari G.; Bologna F.; Venturi P.; Melandri F.; Bagni E.; Bolognese L.; Perticucci R.; Zuppiroli A.; Nannini M.; Consoli N.; Petrone P.; Pipito C.; Colombi L.; Bernardi D.; Mariani P.R.; Testa R.; Mazzinghi F.; Cosmi F.; Cosmi D.; Zipoli A.; Cecchi A.; Castelli G.; Ciaccheri M.; Mori F.; Pieri F.; Valoti P.; Chiarantini D.; Santoro G.M.; Minneci C.; Marchi F.; Milli M.; Zambaldi G.; Zipoli A.; Brandinelli Geri A.A.; Cipriani M.; Alessandri M.; Severi S.; Stefanelli S.; Comella A.; Poddighe R.; Digiorgio A.; Carluccio M.; Berti S.; Rizza A.; Bonatti V.; Molendi V.; Brancato A.; D'Aprile N.; Giappichini G.; Del Vecchio S.; Mantini G.; De Tommasi F.; Meucci G.; Cordoni M.; Bechi S.; Barsotti L.; Baldini P.; Romei M.; Scopelliti G.; Lauri G.; Pestelli F.; Furiozzi F.; Cocchieri M.; Severini D.; Patriarchi F.; Chiocchi P.; Buccolieri M.; Martinelli S.; Wee A.; Angelici F.; Bernardinangeli M.; Proietti G.; Biscottini B.; Panciarola R.; Marinacci L.; Perna G.P.; Gabrielli D.; Moraca A.; Moretti L.; Partemi L.; Gregori G.; Amici R.; Patteri G.; Capone P.; Savini E.; Morgagni G.L.; Paccaloni L.; Pezzuoli F.; Carincola S.; Papi S.; De Crescentini S.; Gerardi P.; Midi P.; Gallenzi E.; Pajes G.; Mancone C.; Di Spirito V.; Di Gennaro M.; Calcagno S.; Toscano S.; Antonicoli S.; Carta F.; Giorgi G.; Comito F.; Daniele E.; Ciarla O.; Gelfo P.G.; Acquaviva A.; Testa D.; Testa G.; Pagliaro F.A.; Russo F.; Vetta F.; Marchese I.; Di Sciascio G.; D'Ambrosio A.; Leggio F.; Del Sindaco D.; Lacche A.; Avallone A.; Risa M.P.; Azzolini P.; Baldo E.; Giovannini E.; Pulignano G.; Tondo C.; Picchio E.; Biffani E.; Tanzi P.; Pozzar F.; Farnetti F.; Azzarito M.; Santini M.; Varveri A.; Ferraiuolo G.; Valtorta C.; Gaspardone A.; Barbato G.; Ceci V.; Aspromonte N.; Bellocci F.; Colizzi C.; Fedele F.; Perez F.I.; Galati A.; Rossetti A.; Mainella A.; Ciuffetta D.; Matteucci C.; Busi G.; De Angelis A.; Farina G.; Granatelli A.; Leone F.; Frasca F.; Pajes G.; Di Giovambattista R.; Castellani G.; Massaro G.; Mastrogiuseppe G.; Vacri A.; De Sanctis F.; Cioli M.; Di Luzio S.; Napoletano C.; Piccioni L.L.; De Simone G.; Ottaviano A.; Mazza V.; Spedaliere C.; Staniscia D.; Calgione E.; De Marco G.; Chiacchio T.; Di Napoli T.; Romanzi S.; Salvatore G.; Golino P.; Palermo A.; Mascia F.; Vetrano A.; Vinciguerra A.; Caliendo L.; Longobardi R.; De Caro G.; Di Nola R.; Piemonte F.; Prinzi D.; De Rosa P.; De Rosa V.; Riello F.; Capuano V.; Vecchio G.; Landi M.; Amato S.; Garofalo M.; Caruso D.; D'Avino M.; Sensale P.; Maiolica O.; Santoro R.; Caso P.; Miceli D.; Maurea N.; Bianchi U.; Crispo C.; Chiariello M.; Perrone Filardi P.; Russo L.; Capuano N.; Ungaro G.; Vergara G.; Scafuro F.; D'Angelo G.; Campaniello C.; Bottiglieri P.; Volpe A.; Battista R.; De Risi L.; Cardillo G.; Sibilio G.; Marino A.P.; Silvestri F.; Predotti P.; Iervoglini A.; Stefanelli S.; De Matteis C.; Sarnicola P.; Matarazzo M.M.; Baldi S.; Iuliano V.; Astarita C.; Cuccaro P.; Liguori A.; Liguori G.; Gregorio G.; Petraglia L.; Antonelli G.; Amodio G.; De Luca I.; Traversa D.; Franchini G.; Lenti M.L.; Cavallari D.; D'Agostino C.; Scalera G.; Altamura C.M.; Russo M.; Mascolo A.R.; Pettinati G.; Ciricugno S.A.; Scrutinio D.; Passantino A.; Mastrangelo D.; Di Masi A.; De Carne R.; Cannone M.; Dibiase F.; Pensato M.; Loliva F.; Trapani F.; Panettieri I.; Leone L.; Di Biase M.; Carrone M.; Gallone V.; Cocco F.; Costantini M.; Tritto C.; Cavalieri F.; Stella L.; Magliari F.; Callerame M.; De Giorgi A.; Pellegrino L.; Correra M.; Portulano V.; Nisi G.L.; Grassi G.; Cristallo E.; De Laura D.; Salerno C.; Fanelli R.; Villella M.; Pede S.; Renna A.; De Lorenzi E.; Urso L.; Lenti V.; Peluso A.; Baldi N.; Polimeni G.; Galati A.; Palma P.; Lauletta R.; Tagliamonte E.; Cirillo T.; Silvestri B.; Centonze G.; D'Alessandro B.; Truncellito L.; Mecca D.; Petruzzi M.A.; Coviello R.O.M.; Lopizzo A.; Chiaffitelli M.; Barbuzzi S.; Gubelli S.; Germinario G.; Cosentino N.; Mingrone A.; Vico R.; Borrello G.; Mazza M.L.; Cimino R.; Galasso D.; Cassadonte F.; Talarico U.; Perticone F.; Cassano S.; Catapano F.; Calemme S.; Feraco E.; Cloro C.; Misuraca G.; Caporale R.; Vigna L.; Spagnuolo V.; De Rosa F.; Spadafora G.; Zampaglione G.; Russo R.; Schipani F.A.; Ferragina A.F.; Stranieri D.; Musca G.; Carpino C.; Bencardino P.; Raimondo F.; Musacchio D.; Pulitano G.; Ruggeri A.; Provenzano A.; Salituri S.; Musolino M.; Calandruccio S.; Marrari A.; Tripodi E.; Scali R.; Anastasio L.; Arone A.; Aragona P.; Donnangelo L.; Comito M.G.A.; Bilotta F.; Vaccaro I.; Rametta R.; Ventura V.; Bonvegna A.; Ali A.; Cinnirella C.; Raineri M.; Pompeo F.; Cascio Ingurgio N.; Carini V.; Coco R.; Giunta G.; Leonardi G.; Randazzo V.; Di Blasi V.; Tamburino C.; Russo G.; Mangiameli S.; Cardillo R.; Castelli D.; Inserra V.; Arena A.; Gulizia M.M.; Raciti S.; Rapisarda G.; Romano R.; Prestifilippo P.; Braschi G.B.; Ledda G.; Terrazzino R.; De Caro M.; Scilabra G.; Graffagnino B.; Grassi R.; Di Tano G.; Scimone G.F.; Vasquez L.; Coppolino C.; Casale A.; Castelli M.; D'Urso G.; D'Antonio E.; Lo Presti L.; Badalamenti E.; Conti P.; Sanfilippo N.; Cirrincione V.; Cina M.T.; Cusimano G.; Taormina A.; Giuliano P.; Bajardi A.; Mandala V.; Canonico A.; Geraci G.; Sabella F.P.; Enia F.; Floresta A.M.; Lo Cascio I.; Gumina D.; Cavallaro A.; Piccione G.; Ferrante R.; Blandino M.; Iudicello M.S.; Mossuti E.; Romano G.; Lombardo L.; Monastra P.; Di Vincenzo D.; Porcu M.; Orru P.; Muscas F.; Giardina G.; Corda M.; Locci G.; Podda A.; Ledda M.; Siddi P.; Lai C.; Pili G.; Mercuro G.; Mureddu G.; Ganau A.; Meloni G.; Poddighe G.; Sanna G.; Barlera S.; Franzosi M.G.; Porcu M.; Yusuf S.; Camerini F.; Cohn J.N.; Decarli A.; Pitt B.; Sleight P.; Poole-Wilson P.A.; Geraci E.; Scherillo M.; Fabbri G.; Bartolomei B.; Bertoli D.; Cobelli F.; Fresco C.; Ledda A.; Levantesi G.; Opasich C.; Rusconi F.; Sinagra G.; Turazza F.; Volpi A.; Ceseri M.; Alongi G.; Atzori A.; Bambi F.; Bastarolo D.; Bianchini F.; Cangioli I.; Canu V.; Caporusso C.; Cenni G.; Cintelli L.; Cocchio M.; Confente A.; Fenicia E.; Friso G.; Gianfriddo M.; Grilli G.; Lazzaro B.; Lonardo G.; Luise A.; Nota R.; Orlando M.; Petrolo R.; Pierattini C.; Pierota V.; Provenzani A.; Quartuccio V.; Ragno A.; Serio C.; Spolaor A.; Tafi A.; Tellaroli E.; Ghio S.; Ghizzardi E.; Masson S.; Crociati L.; La Rovere M.T.; Corra U.; Di Giulio P.; Finzi A.; Gorini M.; Milani V.; Orsini G.; Bianchini E.; Cabiddu S.; Cangioli I.; Cipressa L.; Cipressa M.L.; Di Bitetto G.; Ferri B.; Galbiati L.; Lorimer A.; Pera C.; Priami P.; Vasami A./titolo:Prognostic impact of diabetes and prediabetes on survival outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure: A post-hoc analysis of the GISSI-HF (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nella Insufficienza Cardiaca-Heart Failure) trial/doi:10.1161%2FJAHA.116.005156/rivista:Journal of the American Heart Association/anno:2017/pagina_da:/pagina_a:/intervallo_pagine:/volume:6
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Vol 6, Iss 7 (2017)

Shenouda, S.S. ; Molnar, G. ; Langer, G.A. ; Katona, G.L. ; Kristály, F. ; Beke, D.L.

In Microelectronic Engineering 20 February 2015 134:14-21

Lu, Q.H. ; Huang, R. ; Wang, L.S. ; Wu, Z.G. ; Li, C. ; Luo, Q. ; Zuo, S.Y. ; Li, J. ; Peng, D.L. ; Han, G.L. ; Yan, P.X.

In Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 15 November 2015 394:253-259

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In: Journal of Cardiovascular Echography. (Journal of Cardiovascular Echography, July 2023, 33(3):125-132)

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In: Giornale Italiano di Nefrologia. (Giornale Italiano di Nefrologia, May-June 2023, 40(3):102-109)

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In: Nuclear Medicine Communications. (Nuclear Medicine Communications, 1 October 2020, 41(10):1073-1080)

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In: Pediatrics. (Pediatrics, July 2014, 134(1):e154-e161)

Bellù, R.; Zanini, R.; Gagliardi, L.; Tagliabue, P.; Corchia, C.; Vendettuoli, V.; Mosca, F.; Condò, M.; Turoli, D.; Weissmann, G.; Vanzati, M.; de Nisi, G.; Villa, E.; Moro, G.; Guerrini, P.; Contiero, R.; Ellero, S.; Furlan, R.; Abbiati, L.; Borroni, C.; Prandi, G.; Fabris, C.; Vielmi, F.; Agosti, M.; Tandoi, F.; Guidali; de Curtis, M.; Tozzi, C.; Lucchini, R.; Battaglioli, M.; Lista, G.L.; Introvini, P.; Ferrari, F.; Gallo, C.; Bellante, E.; Bottura, C.; Pasquali, F.; Boccacci, S.; Latini, G.; Giannuzzi, R.; Martinelli, S.; Brunelli, A.; Motta, G.; Di Nunzio, M.L.; Vendemiati, A.; Zorzi, C.; Carli, G.; Alfiero; Romeo, N.; Mammoliti, P.; Mastretta, E.; Barberis, L.; Farina, D.; Gancia, G.; Dalmazzo, C.; Napolitano, M.; Messin, F.; Rinaldi, G.; Magaldi, R.; Rinaldi, M.; Litta, R.; Lago, P.; Zanardo, V.; Chiandetti, L.; Visentin, S.; Presta, G.; Cella, D.; Poggiani, C.; Ferrari, D.; Parati, S.; Lombardo, F.; Grigorio, R.; Barera, G.; Franco, M.; Poloniato, A.; Colombo, A.; Burgio, G.; Sala, E.; Barberi, I.; Tiralongo, V.; Arco, A.; Dani, C.; Pratesi, S.; Mignatti, V.; Ancora, G.; Faldella, G.; Grandi, S.; Stronati, M.; Perotti, G.; Chirico, G.; Migliori, C.; de Marini, S.; Forleo, V.; Paludetto, R.; Capasso, L.; Mansi, G.; Raimondi, F.; Bona, G.; Stucchi, I.; Savastio; Ferrero, F.; Parola, A.; Padovani, E.M.; Viviani, E.; Pecoraro, L.; Agostino, R.; Gizzi, C.; Massenzi, L.; Messner, H.; Staffler, A.; Salvia, G.; Esposito, L.; Forziati, V.; Latorre, G.; Sandri, F.; Alati, S.; Demaria, F.; Lombardi, O.; Costabile, C.D.; Scarpelli, G.; Cavalli, C.; Volante, E.; Proietti, D.; Ganguzza, O.; Spinella, B.; Haass, C.; Scapillati, E.; Consigli, C.; Gatta, A.; Quitadamo, P.; Boldrini, A.; Vuerich, M.; Sigali, E.; Ghirri, P.; Fiorini, P.; Petrucci, L.; Moroni, M.; Braghetti, P.; Casucci, P.; Minelli, L.; Mezzetti, D.; Orfeo, L.; de Luca, M.G.; Laforgia, N.; Grassi, A.; Dotta, A.; Savignoni, F.; Bagnoli, F.; de Felice, C.; Badii, S.; Biasini, A.; Belluzzi, A.; Stella, M.; Romagnoli, C.; Zecca, E.; Barone, G.; Colleselli, P.; Vecchiato, L.; Nicolussi, D.; Giliberti, P.; Chello, G.; Rojo, S.; Giovanettoni, C.; Colnaghi, C.A.; Verucci, E.; Placidi, G.; Belloni, C.; Carrera, G.; Zambetti, C.; Biban, P.; Serra, A.; Carnielli, V.; Pedini, A.; Vetrano, G.; Furcolo, G.; Pasquariello, B.; Falco, L.; Ausanio, G.; Bernardo, I.; Marchesano, G.; Nosari, N.; Sarnelli, P.; Maccabruni, M.; Merazzi, D.; Gazzolo, D.; Sabatini, F.T.M.; Colivicchi, M.; Del Vecchio, A.; Tarantino, M.; Gargano, G.; Pedori, S.; Bellettato, M.; Pesavento, R.; Cesaro, A.; Nicolò, A.; Mondello, I.; Pugliese, A.; Iervolino, C.; Corsello, G.; Giuffré, M.; Betta, M.; Romeo, M.G.; Saporito, A.; D'Incecco, C.; Perron, B.; Rodonò, M.G.L.A.; Serra, G.; Franceschi, A.; Risso, F.M.; Carpentieri, M.; Cigliano, M.P.; Paolillo, P.; Picone, S.; Marra, A.; Rossetti, D.; Testa, T.; Del Cuore, F.

In: Acta Biomedica. (Acta Biomedica, 2013, 84(SUPPL.1):7-11)

Bellù, R.; Agosti, M.; Gagliardi, L.; Zanini, R.; Mosca, F.; De Nisi, G.; Caccamo, L.; Moro, G.; Guerrini, P.; Macagno, F.; Tagliabue, P.; Fabris, C.; De Curtis, M.; Lista, G.L.; Ferrari, F.; La Francesca, G.; Compagnoni, G.; Latini, G.; Martinelli, S.; Di Nunzio, M.L.; Zorci, C.; Romeo, N.; Gomirato, G.; Gancia, G.P.; Messina, F.; Rinaldi, G.; Lago, P.; Saia, S.; Presta, G.; Poggiani, C.; Grigorio, R.; Barera, G.; Colombo, N.; Barberi, I.

In: Italian Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. (Italian Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2008, 20(4):200-202)

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In: Nuovo Cimento della Societa Italiana di Fisica C. (Nuovo Cimento della Societa Italiana di Fisica C, January/February 2008, 31(1):11-20)

Antoccia, A.; Berardinelli, F.; Nieri, D.; Sgura, A.; Tanzarella, C.; Argazzi, E.; Bono, M.; Cesarini, W.; Balata, M.; Cugia, G.; Laubenstein, M.; Nisi, S.; Zamai, L.; Zini, G.; Bedogni, R.; Esposito, A.; Bisogni, G.; Bottigli, U.; Brunetti, A.; Masala, G.L.; Randaccio, P.; Buttafava, A.; Dondi, D.; Faucitano, A.; Castellani, G.; Marengo, M.; Remondini, D.; Zironi, I.; Centis, F.; Stramigioli, S.; Valentini, M.; Cherubini, R.; De Nadal, V.; Gerardi, S.; Cossu, A.; Fiori, P.L.; Pintus, G.; Posadino, A.; Lucarini, A.; Dattena, M.; Fusco, E.; Picardi, F.

In: Nuovo Cimento della Societa Italiana di Fisica C. (Nuovo Cimento della Societa Italiana di Fisica C, January-February 2011, 34(1):49-63)

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In: Giornale di Chirurgia. (Giornale di Chirurgia, 1990, 11(3):163-164)

Marcucci M; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology and Research Centre, Humanitas University & IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; and Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.Marcucci).; Chan MTV; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (M.T.V.C.).; Painter TW; Acute Care Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (T.W.P.).; Efremov S; Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russia (S.E.).; Aguado HJ; Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (H.J.A.).; Astrakov SV; Department of Anesthesiology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia (S.V.A.).; Kleinlugtenbelt YV; Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.).; Patel A; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.P., V.T., D.L.).; Cata JP; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.P.C.).; Amir M; Department of Surgery, Shifa International Hospital and Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.).; Kirov M; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia (M.K.).; Leslie K; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.L.).; Duceppe E; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.D.).; Borges FK; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario; Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario; and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (F.K.B., D.C.).; de Nadal M; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.d.N.).; Tandon V; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.P., V.T., D.L.).; Landoni G; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy (G.L.).; Likhvantsev VV; V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute FRCC RR, Moscow, Russia (V.V.L.).; Lomivorotov V; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russia; and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania (V.L.).; Sessler DI; Center for Outcomes Research and Department of Anesthesiology, UTHealth, Houston, Texas (D.I.S.).; Martínez-Zapata MJ; Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain (M.J.M.-Z.).; Xavier D; St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (D.X.).; Fleischmann E; Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.F.).; Wang CY; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.).; Meyhoff CS; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.S.M.).; Wittmann M; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.).; Torres D; Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile (D.T.).; Highton D; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (D.H.).; Jacka M; Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (M.J.).; B V; Nanjappa Hospital, Karnataka, India (V.B.).; Zarnke K; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (K.Z.).; Sidhu RS; Sidhu Hospital Doraha Ludhiana, Ludhiana, India (R.S.S.).; Oriani G; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio (OGSA), Site Istituto San Siro, Milan, Italy (G.O.).; Ayad S; Outcome Research Consortium, Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.A.).; Minear S; Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida (S.Minear).; Weaver TE; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio (T.E.W.).; Ruetzler K; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ordensklinikum Linz, Linz, Austria (K.R.).; Brusasco C; Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy (C.B.).; Parlow JL; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.L.P., T.G.S.).; Maxwell E; Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (E.M.).; Miller S; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina (S.Miller).; Mrkobrada M; Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (M.Mrkobrada).; Bhatt KSC; Surat Institution, Surat, India (K.S.C.B.).; Rahate P; Rahate Surgical Hospital, Nagpur, India (P.R.).; Kowark A; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (A.Kowark).; De Blasio G; IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy (G.D.B.).; Ofori SN; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario; and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (S.N.O., M.K.W., M.S.).; Conen D; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario; Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario; and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (F.K.B., D.C.).; Srinathan S; Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.S.).; Szczeklik W; Centre for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (W.S.).; Jayaram R; Department of Anaesthetics, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.J.).; Ellerkmann RK; Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum Dortmund, University Witten-Herdecke, Dortmund, Germany (R.K.E.).; Momeni M; Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium (M.Momeni).; Copland I; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (I.C., J.V., K.B., Z.L.).; Vincent J; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (I.C., J.V., K.B., Z.L.).; Balasubramanian K; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (I.C., J.V., K.B., Z.L.).; Li Z; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (I.C., J.V., K.B., Z.L.).; Wang MK; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario; and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (S.N.O., M.K.W., M.S.).; Li D; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.P., V.T., D.L.).; McGillion MH; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario; and School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.H.M.).; Kurz A; Outcome Research Consortium, Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and Department of General Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.Kurz).; Sharma M; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario; and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (S.N.O., M.K.W., M.S.).; Short TG; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.L.P., T.G.S.).; Devereaux PJ; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario; and Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (P.J.D.).

Publisher: American College of Physicians--American Society of Internal Medicine Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0372351 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1539-3704 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00034819 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Intern Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Marcucci M; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Painter TW; Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (T.W.P.).; Conen D; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Lomivorotov V; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russia (V.L., S.I.).; Sessler DI; Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.).; Chan MTV; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.).; Borges FK; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Leslie K; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.L.).; Duceppe E; Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.D.).; Martínez-Zapata MJ; Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, IIB Sant Pau, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain (M.J.M.).; Wang CY; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W., C.C.C.).; Xavier D; St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (D.X.).; Ofori SN; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Wang MK; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Efremov S; Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russia (S.E.).; Landoni G; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy (G.L.).; Kleinlugtenbelt YV; Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.).; Szczeklik W; Centre for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (W.S.).; Schmartz D; CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (D.S.).; Garg AX; Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (A.X.G.).; Short TG; Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.).; Wittmann M; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.).; Meyhoff CS; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.S.M.).; Amir M; Department of Surgery, Shifa International Hospital and Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.).; Torres D; Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile (D.T.).; Patel A; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.P., V.T.).; Ruetzler K; Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.).; Parlow JL; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.L.P.).; Tandon V; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.P., V.T.).; Fleischmann E; Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.F.).; Polanczyk CA; UFRGS, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, IATS; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.).; Lamy A; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Jayaram R; Department of Anaesthetics, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.J.).; Astrakov SV; Department of Anesthesiology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia (S.V.A.).; Wu WKK; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.).; Cheong CC; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W., C.C.C.).; Ayad S; Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.).; Kirov M; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia (M.K.).; de Nadal M; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M. de N.).; Likhvantsev VV; V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia (V.V.L.).; Paniagua P; Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (P.P.).; Aguado HJ; Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (H.J.A.).; Maheshwari K; Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.).; Whitlock RP; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; McGillion MH; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Vincent J; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Copland I; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Balasubramanian K; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Biccard BM; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (B.M.B.).; Srinathan S; Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.S.).; Ismoilov S; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russia (V.L., S.I.).; Pettit S; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Stillo D; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Kurz A; Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.).; Belley-Côté EP; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Spence J; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; McIntyre WF; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Bangdiwala SI; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Guyatt G; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (G.G.).; Yusuf S; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Devereaux PJ; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).

Publisher: American College of Physicians--American Society of Internal Medicine Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0372351 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1539-3704 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00034819 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Intern Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Landoni G; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Monaco F; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Ti LK; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Baiardo Redaelli M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Bradic N; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Comis M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Kotani Y; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Brambillasca C; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Garofalo E; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Scandroglio AM; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Viscido C; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Paternoster G; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Franco A; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Porta S; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Ferrod F; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Calabrò MG; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Pisano A; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Vendramin I; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Barucco G; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Federici F; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Severi L; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Belletti A; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Cortegiani A; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Bruni A; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Galbiati C; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Covino A; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Baryshnikova E; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Giardina G; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Venditto M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Kroeller D; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Nakhnoukh C; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Mantovani L; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Silvetti S; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Licheri M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Guarracino F; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Lobreglio R; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Di Prima AL; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Fresilli S; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Labanca R; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Mucchetti M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Lembo R; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Losiggio R; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Bove T; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Ranucci M; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Fominskiy E; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Longhini F; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Zangrillo A; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).; Bellomo R; From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute (G.L., F.M., M.B.R., A.M.S., A.F., M.G.C., G.B., A. Belletti, C.G., G.G., C.N., M.L., A.L.D.P., S.F., R. Labanca, M.M., R. Lembo, R. Losiggio, E.F., A.Z.), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (G.L., A.Z.), and Dipartimento di Chirurgia Cardiovascolare, Unità Operativa di Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, IRCCS Centro Cadiologico Monzino (C.B.), Milan, S.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiovascolare, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I di Torino, Turin (M.C., C.V., S.P., F. Ferrod), the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital 'R. Dulbecco,' Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro (E.G., A. Bruni, F.L.), Cardiovascular Anesthesia and ICU San Carlo Hospital, Potenza (G.P., A. Covino), Cardiac Anesthesia and ICU, AORN 'Dei Colli,' Monaldi Hospital, Naples (A.P., M.V.), the Department of Medicine, University of Udine (I.V., T.B.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (I.V.), and the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASUFC University-Hospital of Central Friuli (T.B.), Udine, UOC Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant'Andrea (F. Federici), and UO Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini (L.S.), Rome, the Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, and the Department of Anesthesia Analgesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo (A. Cortegiani), the Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (E.B., M.R.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Rozzano (D.K.), the Department of Anesthesia and ICU Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care and Research, Cotignola (L.M.), the Department of Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS-IRCCS Cardiovascular Network, Genoa (S.S.), the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa (F.G.), and the Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, 'Citta della Salute e della Scienza' University Hospital, Turin (R. Lobreglio) - all in Italy; the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.K.T.); the Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, and University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin - both in Croatia (N.B.); the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan (Y.K.); and the Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, and the Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia (R.B.).

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Devereaux PJ; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Marcucci M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Painter TW; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Conen D; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Lomivorotov V; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Sessler DI; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Chan MTV; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Borges FK; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Martínez-Zapata MJ; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Wang CY; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Xavier D; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Ofori SN; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Wang MK; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Efremov S; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Landoni G; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Kleinlugtenbelt YV; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Szczeklik W; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Schmartz D; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Garg AX; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Short TG; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Wittmann M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Meyhoff CS; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Amir M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Torres D; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Patel A; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Duceppe E; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Ruetzler K; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Parlow JL; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Tandon V; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Fleischmann E; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Polanczyk CA; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Lamy A; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Astrakov SV; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Rao M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Wu WKK; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Bhatt K; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; de Nadal M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Likhvantsev VV; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Paniagua P; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Aguado HJ; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Whitlock RP; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; McGillion MH; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Prystajecky M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Vincent J; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Eikelboom J; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Copland I; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Balasubramanian K; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Turan A; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Bangdiwala SI; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Stillo D; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Gross PL; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Cafaro T; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Alfonsi P; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Roshanov PS; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Belley-Côté EP; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Spence J; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Richards T; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; VanHelder T; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; McIntyre W; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Guyatt G; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Yusuf S; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Leslie K; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE