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'학술논문' 에서 검색결과 17,112,323건 | 목록 1~20
Authors: R. Bartoš1, D. Bejšovec2, A. Malucelli1, J. Prokšová3, J. Lodin1, Š. Čapek4, M. Sameš1 Authors - sphere of activity: 1 Neurochirurgická klinika UJEP a Krajská zdravotní a. s., Masarykova nemocnice v Ústí nad Labem, o. z., 2 KAPIM – Anesteziologická klinika UJEP a Krajská zdravotní a. s., Masarykova nemocnice v Ústí nad Labem, o. z., 3 Rehabilitační oddělení, Logopedie, Krajská zdravotní a. s., Masarykova nemocnice v Ústí nad Labem, o. z., 4 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Article: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2017; 80/113(2): 220-223 DOI: 10.14735/amcsnn2017220 Category: Case Report Number of articles displayed: 15x PDF PDF print print post comment post comment previous article zobrazit obsah show contents next article Summary Background: Lateral or supine positions are the traditional positions for cranial tumor resections performed with an 'awake' component. These positions are used effectively for patients with tumors adjacent to speech centers or located in the superior frontal or precentral gyrus respectively. However, these may be unsatisfactory for tumors in a close proximity to the parieto-occipital region. In this case report, we describe 'awake' surgery performed on a patient in semisitting position. Case description: A 57-year-old patient suffered second recurrence of a glioblastoma multiforme tumor with subcortical invasion of the postcentral gyrus. Due to a high risk of severe neurological deficit, it was decided to perform an awake surgery with the semisitting position providing the best exposure to the lesion and the pyramidal tract. The pyramidal tract of the patient was mapped using motor responses to regular stimuli during which the surgeon recected the tumor. The patient was fully cooperative throughout the procedure and subjectively described the semisitting position as comfortable. Postoperatively, the patient showed no signs of new neurological deficits. Planned re-radiation therapy was not performed. Conclusion: This clinical case demonstrates successful use of the semisitting position in 'awake' surgery and we recommend considering its use for tumors in previously challenging locations, such as the lower parietal lobules or postcentral gyrus. This position could also be used during surgeries involving visual pathways mapping. Key words: semisitting position – 'awake' surgery – glioma – parietal lobe – pyramidal tract – cortical stimulation mapping The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE 'uniform requirements' for biomedical papers. Rate article: Complete evaluation of the article: 0/5, evaluated 0x Read more Assessment of Prospective Memory – a Validity Study of Memory for Intentions Screening Test Source: Czech and Slovak Neurology and Neurosurgery The Reasons and the Process of Amendment of the Czech Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-CZ) Source: Czech and Slovak Neurology and Neurosurgery Amendment of the Czech Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-CZ) Source: Czech and Slovak Neurology and Neurosurgery The Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale BADLS-CZ for the Evaluation of Patients with Dementia Source: Czech and Slovak Neurology and Neurosurgery Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke Management Source: Czech and Slovak Neurology and Neurosurgery Cognition and Hemodynamics after Carotid Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Stenosis Source: Czech and Slovak Neurology and Neurosurgery Decubitus as a Cause of Death even in the 21st Century Source: Czech and Slovak Neurology and Neurosurgery Reader discussion Enter discussion Open Journal System Subscription Subscribe the Journal The subscription grants you full access to all the articles. further information Issue No.: 2 / 2017 show contents Year 2017 Year 2016 Year 2015 Year 2014 Year 2013 Year 2012 Year 2011 Year 2010 Year 2009 Year 2008 Year 2007 Old archive more Most read Neurorehabilitation of Sensorimotor Function after Spinal Cord Injury | views: 737 Pre-motor and Non-motor Symp­toms of Parkinson’s Disease – Taxonomy, Clinical Manifestation and Neuropathological Correlates | views: 665 Gliomas of the Limbic and Paralimbic System, Technique and Results of Resections | views: 527 Three Times of the Clock Drawing Test Rated with BaJa Scoring in Patients with Early Alzheimer‘s Disease | views: 491 Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke Management | views: 455
Academic Journal
Robert Bartoš; D. Bejšovec; Alberto Malucelli; J. Prokšová; J. Lodin; Štěpán Čapek; Martin Sameš
Česká a slovenská neurologie a neurochirurgie. :220-223
Web of Science Scopus JCR 저널정보 Find it@PNU
Full Issue Download Vol. 13 No. 1 2021 The Importance of the Measurement Infrastructure in Economic Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic Richard J. C. Brown , Fiona Auty, Eugenio Renedo, Mike King NCSLI Measure | Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) | doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.1 Publisher NCSL International | Published February 2021 | Pages 18-21 Abstract: This paper describes the many, evidenced-based benefits to the economy of a well-developed measurement infrastructure. In particular, it explains how assuring confidence in measurement may be used to accelerate economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic including in emerging sectors such as the digital economy. Recommendations are made for providing near term support for national economic recovery whilst also demonstrating the advantages of sustained development of the measurement infrastructure in the medium-term to maximize the potential of future innovative and disruptive technologies. These recommendations, whilst focused on consideration of the UK, should apply globally. References: [1] G. Tassey, 'Underinvestment in public good technologies,' J Technol. Transfer, Vol. 30, pp. 89-113, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-004-4360-0 [2] M. King, and E. Renedo, 'Achieving the 2.4% GDP target: The role of measurement in increasing investment in R&D and innovation,' NPL Report IEA 3, NPL, Teddington, UK, March 2020. [3] M. King and G. Tellett, 'The National Measurement System: A Customer Survey for Three of the Core Labs in the National Measurement System,' NMS Customer Survey Report 2018, NPL Teddington, UK, April 2020 [4] H. Kunzmann, T. Pfeifer, R. Schmitt, H. Schwenke, and A.Weckenmann, 'Productive metrology-adding value to manufacture,' CIRP Annals, vol. 54, pp. 155-168, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60024-9 [5] N. G. Orji, R. G. Dixson, A. Cordes, B. D. Bunday, and J. A. Allgair, 'Measurement traceability and quality assurance in a nanomanufacturing environment,' Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing III, Proceedings Vol. 7405, 740505, August 2009. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.826606 [6] Belmana, Analysis for Policy 'Public Support for Innovation and Business Outcomes,' Belmana: London, UK, 2020. [7] R. Hawkins, Standards, systems of innovation and policy in Handbook of Innovation and Standards. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2019. [8] N. Nwaigbo, and M. King, 'Evaluating the Impact of the NMS Consultancy Projects on Supported Firms (Working Paper)' NPL, Teddington, UK, 2020. [9] M. King, R. Lambert, and P. Temple, Measurement, standards and productivity spillovers in Handbook of Innovation and Standards. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2017, p. 162. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783470082.00016 [10] A. Font, K. de Hoogh, M. Leal-Sanchez, D. C. Ashworth, R. J. C. Brown, A. L. Hansell, and G. W. Fuller, 'Using metal ratios to detect emissions from municipal waste incinerators in ambient air pollution data,' Atmos. Environ., vol. 113, pp. 177-186, July 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.002 [11] S. Giannis, M. R. L. Gower, G. D. Sims, G. Pask, and G. Edwards, 'Increasing UK competitiveness by enhancing the composite materials regulatory infrastructure,' NPL Report MAT 90, NPL, Teddington, UK, October 2019. [12] HM Government, UK Research and Development Roadmap, BEIS, London, July 2020. [13] M. R. Mehra, S. S. Desai, F. Ruschitzka, and A. N. Patel, 'Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis,' Lancet, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31180-6 (Print: ISSN 1931-5775) (Online: ISSN 2381-0580) ©2021 NCSL International Smart Power Supply Calibration System Iraj Vasaeli , Brandon Umansky NCSLI Measure | Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) | doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.2 Publisher: NCSL International | Published February 2021 | Pages 22-27 Abstract: This paper details the development of an automated procedure to conduct calibrations of power supplies at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL). The fundamentals of power supply calibrations are given, and discussion on the method by which this custom software handles that calibration. Additionally, this technique provides real time uncertainty quantification of the calibrations. This automated system has demonstrated a time savings over existing automated techniques in use today. References: [1] Keysight, 'Low-Profile Modular Power System Series N6700 Service Guide', Part Number: 5969 2938, Edition 7, January 2015. [2] B. N. Taylor and C. E. Kuyatt, 'Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results', NIST Technical Note 1297, 1994. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.1297 [3] JCGM, 'Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement,' first edition (GUM 1995 with minor corrections),' JCGM 100, 2008. (Print: ISSN 1931-5775) (Online: ISSN 2381-0580) © 2021 NCSL International Computer Aided Verification of Voltage Dips and Short Interruption Generators for Electromagnetic Compatibility Immunity Test in Accordance with IEC 61000-4-11: 2004 + AMD: 2017 Hau Wah Lai , Cho Man Tsui , Hing Wah Li NCSLI Measure | Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) | doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.3 Publisher: NCSL International | Published February 2021 | Pages 28-39 Abstract: This paper describes a procedure and a computer-aided system developed by the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL) for verification of voltage dip and short interruption generators in accordance with the international standard IEC 61000-4-11:2004+AMD1:2017. The verification is done by calibrating the specified parameters and comparing with the requirements stated in the standard. The parameters that should be calibrated are the ratios of the residual voltages to the rated voltage, the accuracy of the phase angle at switching, and the rise time, fall time, overshoot and undershoot of the switching waveform. A specially built adapter is used to convert the high voltage output waveforms of the generators to lower level signals to be acquired by a digital oscilloscope. The other circuits required for the testing are also provided. In addition, the paper discusses the uncertainty evaluations for the measured parameters. References: [1] T. Williams, and K. Armstrong, 'EMC for Systems and Installations Part 6 - Low-Frequency Magnetics Fields (Emissions and Immunity) Mains Dips, Dropouts, Interruptions, Sags, Brownouts and Swells,' EMC Compliance Journal, August 2000. [2] M.I. Montrose, and E. M. Nakauchi, Testing for EMC Compliance: Approaches and Techniques, Wiley Interscience, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1002/047164465X [3] International Standard IEC 61000-4-11:2004+AMD1:2017:Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4-11: Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests. [4] Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, First Edition JCGM 100:2008. (Print: ISSN 1931-5775) (Online: ISSN 2381-0580) © 2021 NCSL International Validation of the Photometric Method Used for Micropipette Calibration Elsa Batista , Isabel Godinho, George Rodrigues, Doreen Rumery NCSLI Measure | Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) | doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.4 Publisher: NCSL International | Published February 2021 | Pages 40-45 Abstract: There are two methods generally used for calibration of micropipettes: the gravimetric method described in ISO 8655-6:2002 and the photometric method described in ISO 8655-7:2005. In order to validate the photometric method, several micropipettes of different capacities from 0.1 µL to 1000 µL were calibrated using both methods (gravimetric and photometric) in two different laboratories, IPQ (Portuguese Institute for Quality) and Artel. These tests were performed by six different operators. The uncertainty for both methods was determined and it was verified that the uncertainty component that has a higher contribution to the final uncertainty budget depends on the volume delivered. In the photometric method for small volumes, the repeatability of the pipette is the largest uncertainty component, but for volumes, larger than 100 µL, the photometric instrument is the most significant source of uncertainty. Based on all the results obtained with this study, one may consider the photometric method validated. References: [1] ISO 8655-1/2/6/7, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus, 2002. [2] BIPM, International Vocabulary of Metrology, 3rd edition, JCGM 200:2012. [3] George Rodrigues, Bias and transferability in standards methods of pipette calibration, Artel, June 2003. [4] Taylor, et.al. The definition of primary method of measurement (PMM) of the 'highest metrological quality': a challenge in understanding and communication, Accred. Qual.Assur (2001) 6:103-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00010444 [5] EURAMET project 1353, Volume comparison on Calibration of micropipettes - Gravimetric and photometric methods. [6] ASTM E542: Standard Practice for Calibration of laboratory Volumetric Apparatus, 2000. [7] ISO 4787; Laboratory glassware - Volumetric glassware - Methods for use and testing of capacity, 2010 . [8] ISO 13528:2005 - Statistical methods used in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons. [9] BIPM et al, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), 2nd ed., International Organization for Standardization, Genève, 1995. [10] EURAMET guide, cg 19, - Guidelines on the determination of uncertainty in gravimetric volume calibration, version 3.0, 2012. [11] E. Batista et all, A Study of Factors that Influence Micropipette Calibrations, Measure Vol. 10 No. 1, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1080/19315775.2015.11721717 [12] www.BIPM.org. (Print: ISSN 1931-5775) (Online: ISSN 2381-0580) © 2021 NCSL International Material Flow Rate Estimation in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing G. P. Greeff NCSLI Measure | Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) | doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.5 Publisher: NCSL International | Published February 2021 | Pages 46-56 Abstract: The additive manufacturing of products promises exciting possibilities. Measurement methodologies, which measure an in-process dataset of these products and interpret the results, are essential. However, before developing such a level of quality assurance several in-process measurands must be realized. One of these is the material flow rate, or rate of adding material during the additive manufacturing process. Yet, measuring this rate directly in material extrusion additive manufacturing presents challenges. This work presents two indirect methods to estimate the volumetric flow rate at the liquefier exit in material extrusion, specifically in Fused Deposition Modeling or Fused Filament Fabrication. The methods are cost effective and may be applied in future sensor integration. The first method is an optical filament feed rate and width measurement and the second is based on the liquefier pressure. Both are used to indirectly estimate the volumetric flow rate. The work also includes a description of linking the G-code command to the final print result, which may be used to create a per extrusion command model of the part. References: [1] T. Wohlers, I. Campbell, O. Diegel, J. Kowen, I. Fidan, and D.L. Bourell, 'Wohlers Report 2017: 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing State of the Industry Annual Worldwide Progress Report,' 2017. [2] Additive manufacturing -- General principles -- Terminology. Geneva, CH: International Organization for Standardization, 2015. [3] R. Jones et al., 'Reprap - The replicating rapid prototyper,' Robotica, vol. 29, no. 1 SPEC. ISSUE, pp. 177-191, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S026357471000069X [4] T. Wohlers and T. Gornet, 'History of Additive Manufacturing 2017,' 2017. [5] S. A. M. Tofail, E. P. Koumoulos, A. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bose, L. O'Donoghue, and C. Charitidis, 'Additive manufacturing: scientific and technological challenges, market uptake and opportunities, 'Materials Today, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 22-37, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2017.07.001 [6] G. Moroni and S. Petrò, 'Managing uncertainty in the new manufacturing era,' Procedia CIRP, vol. 75, pp. 1-2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2018.07.001 [7] R. Leach et al., 'Information-rich manufacturing metrology,'in Eighth International Precision Assembly Seminar (IPAS), 2018, no. January. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05931-6_14 [8] S. Moylan, J. Slotwinski, A. Cooke, K. Jurrens, M. A. Donmez, and A. Donmez, 'Proposal for a Standardized Test Artifact for Additive Manufacturing Machines and Processes,' Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, pp. 902-920, 2012. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.7858 [9] ASME Y14.46-2017 Product Definition for Additive Manufacturing. New York:The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. [10] H. Li, T. Wang, J. Sun, and Z. Yu, 'The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties,' Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 80-92, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-06-2016-0090 [11] A. W. Gebisa and H. G. Lemu, 'Investigating effects of Fused-deposition modeling (FDM) processing parameters on flexural properties of ULTEM 9085 using designed experiment, 'Materials, vol.11, no. 4, pp. 1-23, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040500 PMid:29584674 PMCid:PMC5951346 [12] B. Wittbrodt and J. M. Pearce, 'The effects of PLA color on material properties of 3-D printed components,' Additive Manufacturing, vol. 8, pp. 110-116, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2015.09.006 [13] O. A. Mohamed, S. H. Masood, and J. L. Bhowmik, 'Optimization of fused deposition modeling process parameters: a review of current research and future prospects,' Advances in Manufacturing, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 42-53, Mar. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-014-0097-7 [14] S. K. Everton, M. Hirsch, P. Stravroulakis, R. K. Leach and A. T. Clare, 'Review of in-situ process monitoring and in-situ metrology for metal additive manufacturing,' Materials and Design, vol. 95, pp. 431-445, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.099 [15] P. K. Rao, J. P. Liu, D. Roberson, Z. J. Kong, and C. Williams,'Online Real-Time Quality Monitoring in Additive Manufacturing Processes Using Heterogeneous Sensors,' Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, vol. 137, no. 6, p.061007, Sep. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4029823 [16] J. Pellegrino, T. Makila, S. McQueen, and E. Taylor, 'Measurement science roadmap for polymer-based additive manufacturing,' Gaithersburg, MD, Dec. 2016. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-5 [17] T. R. Kramer, F. M. Proctor, and E. Messina, 'The NIST RS274NGC Interpreter -Version 3,' Gaithersburg, Maryland, 2000. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.6556 [18] B. N. Turner, R. Strong, and S. A. Gold, 'A review of melt extrusion additive manufacturing processes: I. Process design and modeling,' Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 20, no. 3, pp.192-204, Apr. 2014, https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-01-2013-0012 [19] Conrad Electronic, 'Renkforce RF1000 3D Drucker,' 2016. https://www.conrad.de/de/renkforce-rf1000-3d-drucker-single-extruder-inkl-software-franzis-designcad-v24-3d-printrenkforce-edition-1007508.html (accessed Sep. 20, 2016). [20] G. Hodgson, A. Ranellucci, and J. Moe, 'Slic3r Manual - Flow Math,' 2016. http://manual.slic3r.org/advanced/flow-math (accessed Jun. 21, 2016). [21] Repetier, 'Repetier-Firmware Documentation.' https://www.repetier.com/documentation/repetier firmware/repetier-firmware-introduction/ (accessed Apr. 17, 2018). [22] B. Weiss, D. W. Storti, and M. A. Ganter, 'Low-cost closedloop control of a 3D printer gantry,' Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 482-490, Aug. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-09-2014-0108 [23] R. L. Zinniel and J. S. Batchelder, 'Volumetric Feed Control for Flexible Filament,' US 6085957, 2000. [24] W. J. Heij, Applied Metrology in Additive Manufacturing. Delft: Delft University of Technology, 2016. [25] G. P. Greeff and M. Schilling, 'Closed loop control of slippage during filament transport in molten material extrusion,' Additive Manufacturing, vol. 14, pp. 31-38, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2016.12.005 [26] G. P. Greeff, Applied Metrology in Additive Manufacturing, vol. 60. Berlin: Mensch und Buch, 2019. [27] G. P. Greeff and M. Schilling, 'Comparing Retraction Methods with Volumetric Exit Flow Measurement in Molten Material Extrusion,' in Special Interest Group meeting on Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Finish in Additive Manufacturing, 2017, no. October, pp. 70-74. [28] G. P. Greeff and M. Schilling, 'Single print optimisation of fused filament fabrication parameters,' The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Aug. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2518-4 [29] A. Bellini, S. Güçeri, and M. Bertoldi, 'Liquefier Dynamics in Fused Deposition,' Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, vol. 126, no. 2, p. 237, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1688377 [30] P. Virtanen et al., 'SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python,' Nature Methods, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 261-272, Mar. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2 PMid:32015543 PMCid:PMC7056644 (Print: ISSN 1931-5775) (Online: ISSN 2381-0580) © 2021 NCSL International Software to Maximize End-User Uptake of Conformity Assessment with Measurement Uncertainty, Including Bivariate Cases. The European EMPIR CASoft Project
Academic Journal
L.R. Pendrill; A. Allard; N. Fischer; P.M. Harris; J. Nguyen; I.M. Smith
NCSL International measure. 13:58-69
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The importance of vocabulary in language learning: 172 2) The introduction, which usually provides information about the main characters of the case, tells about the background of the situation considered below, indicates the personally significant meaning of the problem contained in the given situation. 3) The main part, containing the main div of information and internal intrigue, the problem contained in the situation proposed for analysis. 4) Conclusion, where the situation may ―hang‖ at that stage of development that requires solving the problem. Optionally, the entire content of the case should be given in the form of familiar text. Instead of text or along with it, audio or video recordings, newspaper articles, various illustrations, statistical data in the form of graphs, diagrams, charts, etc. can be used [1: p. 200]. REFERENCES: 1. Casanave C.P. Writing games: Multicultural case studies of academic literacy practices in higher education. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002. 2. George, A.L., Bennett, A. Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005. 3. Hamel, J., Dufour, S., Fortin, D. Case study methods. Qualitative research methods (Vol. 32). Newbury Park, CA:Sage, 1993. 4. Merriam, S. Qualitative research and case study applications in education (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bas, 1998. 5. Stake, R. Case studies. In N.K. Denzin, Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 435–454). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000. THE IMPORTANCE OF VOCABULARY IN LANGUAGE LEARNING Dauletova D.B. Assistant teacher, English Language and Literature Department, KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan Rahimova D. 1 st year student, English Language and Literature Department, KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan Abstract: Vocabulary range has always been regarded as central part of learning language since individuals face several obstacles when they are learning new languages. Similarly, the majority of teachers have doubts in teaching vocabulary in a proper manner and where to begin with. This article illustrates the significance of vocabulary range and some techniques which are used effectively by English teachers. Key words: vocabulary, techniques and methods Аннотация: Словарный запас всегда рассматривался как центральная часть изучения языка, поскольку люди сталкиваются с рядом препятствий, когда они изучают новые языки. Точно так же большинство учителей сомневаются в том, как правильно преподавать лексику и с чего начать. Эта статья иллюстрирует значение словарного запаса и некоторые методы, которые эффективно используются учителями английского языка. Ключевые слова: лексика, упражнения и методы Vocabulary is considered as one of the essential aspects of acquiring language and its development. Limited vocabulary range prohibits succeeding in learning language, in particular, for second language learners since it never ends. Although a person can make grammatically accurate sentences, insufficient vocabulary range limits the learner‘s communication with others. If a person knows only the words but not the grammar, he can express or communicate what he is going to say by pronouncing the words. As we know, without knowing how to request information in a foreign language, we can make sentences in the native language using suitable words and specify what we need. According to Napa , states that ‗it is a fact that vocabulary is one of the components of the language. There are no languages that exist without words. They are the means by which people exchange their thoughts. The more words we learn the more ideas we should have. This way we can communicate our ideas more effectively. It is not easy to teach vocabulary, especially new vocabulary, to junior high school students, because teaching it requires an explanation of every part. However, at other times the teacher should see that the meaning and use of words should also be given a lot of attention‘ [ Napa : 1991]. 173 It is necessary to make a few remarks about the most commonly used English terms denoting the concept of "vocabulary" (from the Latin 'name', also called word stock, lexicon, and lexis) can be defined as all the words in a language that are understood by a particular person or group of people. A.S. Hornby, English linguist and methodologist, widely known for his works in the field of methods of teaching English to foreigners in ―The Advanced Learner‘s Dictionary of Current English‖ states that vocabulary is: (1) all words that a person knows or uses, (2) all words in a particular language, (3) words that people use when they talk, and (4) a list of words with their meanings, especially in a book for learning a foreign language [A.S. Hornby:2006]. As a matter of fact, the practical significance of the Hornby Dictionary for foreign learners English is difficult to overestimate. This relatively small dictionary reference is intended for people who have mastered the basics of the English language within high school. With its help, they can read and comprehend modern fiction, popular science and socio-political literature. Despite its small volume, it registers exactly those words of the modern English language that are most often found in colloquial and in modern literary texts [L.P.Stupin: 1985] Considering all above mentioned, Nation confirms that vocabulary is central to language. This means that vocabulary is the main element of the language. A language is an expression that is constructed using words or vocabulary. Words are tools that are used for thinking, expressing ideas and feelings, as well as for cognition of the world. When learning a language, vocabulary is an important component. It is associated with the four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing [Nation: 2001] In other words, we can say that vocabulary is the most important tool that people use to communicate with each other. Thus, knowledge of vocabulary is often seen as a key way to learn a second language due to the fact that a limited vocabulary hinders successful communication in this language. As Nation further describes, the relationship between knowledge of vocabulary and the use of language is complementary: knowledge of vocabulary allows the use of language, and, conversely, the use of language leads to an increase in knowledge of vocabulary. Recent achievements in the field of learning second and foreign languages emphasize that non-native speakers, in addition to grammar and pronunciation, need a solid foundation of vocabulary knowledge to become successful users of English in any academic environment. Thus, regardless of the degree of competence of students in grammar and pronunciation, without sufficient knowledge of vocabulary, they cannot communicate effectively. This is largely due to the fact that vocabulary carries more meaning of the text than grammar. In fact, grammatical errors lead to illiterate utterances, while incorrect use of vocabulary affects the communicative act. That is, vocabulary is one of the linguistic components that influence the development of communicative competence, as well as the language skills of students [Nation:2001]. All things are considered, the knowledge of vocabulary is considered as the most important tool for mastering any language skills; it also contributes to the understanding of written and oral texts. Thus, despite more frequent familiarity with vocabulary, students are more confident in understanding and interpreting the meaning of some unknown words from the context. Indeed, learning vocabulary means not only learning new words, but also knowing their functions and applicability to different contexts and situations. In other words, the comprehension and production of language depends on the simultaneous and complex process of extracting and constructing utterances through the use of appropriate lexical combinations at the appropriate time and place. Students should learn the language not only as an abstract system of vocal signs, as if it were a kind of grammatical text with an accompanying dictionary, but also as a tool that allows students to know which utterances are useful for effective communication, and to know which utterances are appropriate or not appropriate to use in a given context. REFERENCES: 1. Hornby A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner‘s Dictionary of Current English. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. 2006. 2. Napa A Pieter. Vocabulary Development skills. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. 1991. 3. Nation I. S. P. Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001. 4. Ступин Л.П. Лексикография английского языка. Москва: Высшая Школа. 1985. 5. http://vocabulary.hathitrust.org/definition/007703043 6. www.compilingdictionary.org/еbooks/6731
Academic Journal
D Dauletova; D Rahimova
Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке. :173-174
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The strengths and weaknesses of biometrics: 253 ӘДЕБИЯТЛАР: 1. Великая Е.В. Обеспечение права подсудимого на защиту в судебном заседании // Евразийская адвокатура. - №5 (42). - 2019. 2. Емельянов Д.В. Некоторые вопросы обеспечения прав подсудимого // Пробелы в российском законодательстве. - №3.- 2009. 3. Юридический словарь / Сост., предисл., прилож. А.Ф.Никитина. – М.: ОЛМА-ПРЕСС Образование, 2004. THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF BIOMETRICS Kurbanova A.I. PhD, Associate Professor Yuldasheva D. 2 nd year student, English Language and Literature Department KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus,Uzbekistan Abstract: In the current situation of heightened security awareness, it is impossible to simply allow a passport to enter a certain country to be a uniform and act as an impeccable guarantor. Let's consider the problems of the acceptability of biometric data and how acceptable they are in solving the problem of identity verification. Key words : Biometrics, biological code, the problem. Аннотация: В нынешней ситуации обостренного сознания безопасности нельзя просто позволить, чтобы паспорт для въезда в определенную страну являлся униформой и выступал в качестве безупречного гаранта. Рассмотрим проблемы о приемлемости биометрических данных и о том, насколько они приемлемы в решении задач проверки личности. Ключевые слова: биометрия, биологический код, проблема. Commercial insurance, which aims to protect corporate enterprises from the modern range of business risks, could become more useful for business if biometric technologies were used to reduce malicious and accidental threats to company property. Insurers could worry much less about the security risk if biometrics data were used for protection. Significant losses for the business can be caused by employees, senior managers or attackers who have access to data, including people who may have left the company with confidential information. And in this case, not only data is at risk. However, the process of selecting who to deny or allow access always comes down to human objects. Sometimes a violation of such security for these reasons, unfortunately, leads to impressive losses for business. However, people using technologies that create a template with such a high degree of accuracy that the eye or finger presented at the entry point either match or do not match can reduce this element of risk for making an error. Corporations that are considering using biometric protection undoubtedly want to know the pros and cons, the likely costs of implementation and the projected return on investment when compared to losses that regularly occur due to security failures, theft, fraud and careless handling of employees' intellectual property of their employers. Biometric data, or biological data, includes fingerprints, iris or retina recognition, speech verification and identification (SVI) and various measurement indicators of these organs or div parts; for example: biometric information about a vein, temperature or pulse reading can be stored on a smart card or an individual's unique biological code can be encrypted and created into a barcode for a passport or other means of identification indicator. Richard Norton, executive director of the International Association of the Biometric Industry, warns that the technology must be adapted to the necessary needs. ‗The client cannot say that we need fingerprints and then say that, at this time, for this reason, we are experiencing problems. This is unacceptable. The Biometrics business is based on recommendations, and the devices must be adapted to the needs of customers‘. But there may be some problems that may arise for some reason, for example, someone has lost a false jaw or shaves off a beard, has undergone eye surgery, and it is this part of their div that needs to be checked with a biometric reader. No one wants to be rejected by the machine, being at the beginning of the queue for verification, because they are not identified. Nick Mavity, a researcher at the Department of Electronics at Comte University, says: ‗The problem with iris recognition is getting an image.‘ In other words, the iris must be photographed for biometric identification. If the eye is watery, its reflective surface makes it difficult to photograph and, therefore, we cannot obtain the necessary biometric information. Here again there is a problem. However, some scientists, arguing that biometrics can significantly reduce the risks to aviation control, admit that 254 sometimes there is a privacy problem with biometrics: ‗You can't get biometric information without permission.‘ O'Carroll believes that iris recognition is accurate and practical. ‗This is a machine-readable file. Using a 512-byte template, biometric information can be stored in the passport. This can allow frequent flyers to pass biometric control without problems, providing privileges and convenience as regular and priority airline users.‘ So biometrics is biometrics. It‘s clear to see that there have been some significant advances made in biometric security. In terms of the level of security it provides, there is still some way to go before most methods are likely to receive widespread adoption. Another barrier to adoption is the level of public discomfort with keeping physical details on record as, thanks to fingerprints, biometrics are commonly associated with identifying criminals. For circumstances requiring higher security, biometric systems should always be considered as a single factor in a multi-factor system and should be combined with a strong truly secret asset such as a password. But for the average consumer, the ongoing progress in biometric authentication technology could soon secure some methods as standard in guarding against thieves, casual attackers and malicious individuals. In short, malicious and random threats used in technologies to reduce or even nullify biometric business records are at the disposal of the company. Scientists transmit the results of their research to each other through scientific articles published in journals. To ensure that communication is effective and efficient, the content of mass media or manuscripts should be presented in an orderly, logical manner. To achieve this goal, scientific articles are written in a stereotypical format. This general format divides the scientific manuscript into 14 sections: Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Results, Conclusion and References, each of which has a specific purpose. Similarly, the biometric analysis of the security protection of the provided objects should work smoothly, accurately, in an orderly and timely manner. REFERENCES: 1. Bonsor, K., Johnson, R. How facial recognition systems work. How Stuff Works: 2012. 2. Brandel, M. Using Biometric Access Systems: Dos and don‘ts. CIO Magazine: 2010. 3. Grigsby, J. Iris Recognition. Biology-Block. 2011 4. O‘Leary, T. Acceptance and Accuracy in Biometrics. Security Dealer and Integrator, 30 (2), 2008. p. 52. 5. Ridden, P. Fujitsu develops smallest Palm Vein Biometric Authentication Sensor yet. Gizmag: 2012. АКЦИОНЕРЛЕРДИҢ ДАЎЫС БЕРИЎ ҲУҚЫҚЫ Шамшетов Ш.С. ю.и.к., доцент, Жынайый-ҳуқықый ҳәм пуқаралық-ҳуқықый пәнлер кафедрасы, Бердақ атындағы ҚМУ, Нѳкис, Ѳзбекстан e-mail: shamshetov@mail.ru тел: +99890 5936844 Нуржанов А.А. Магистрант, Бердақ атындағы ҚМУ, Нѳкис, Ѳзбекстан тел:+998993180656 Акционердиң әҳмийетли ҳуқықларының бири – бул компанияның ең әҳмийетли мәселелери (мәселен, оны тарқатыў ямаса қайта дҥзиў, сондай-ақ, ўәкиллик оның органын сайлаў) бойынша даўыс бериў ҳуқықы болып есапланады. Даўыс бериў ҳуқықын әмелге асырыў бир қатар жағдайларға байланыслы қыйынласыўы мҥмкин. Кӛп-ғана мәмлекетлерде, сонын менен бирге Ӛзбекстанда да акционерлер почта арқалы даўыс бере алмайды ҳәмде даўыс бериў ушын акционерлер улыўма жыйналысында қатнасыўлары зәрҥр болады. Бул талап болса кӛбинесе киши муғдардағы акцияларға ийе болған акционерлерди ӛзлериниң даўыс бериў ҳуқықынан пайдаланбаўына алып келеди. Раўажланған мәмлекетлерде даўыс бериў процессин тәмийинлеў жуўапкершилиги судларға жҥклениўи мҥмкин, бирақ бул жағдайда да басқарыўшылар акционерлерге тәсир кӛрсетиў, ӛзлери ушын қолайлы шараят жаратыў мақсетинде қарсыласларынан мағлыўматларды жасырыў сыяқлы жоллар менен даўыс бериў процессине кесент келтиреди. Ҳуқық системасы тӛмен болған еллерде акционерлердин даўыс бериў ҳуқықлары буннан да бетер кӛбирек бузылады. Мәселен, басқарыўшылар даўыс бериў процессине ӛзлерине «дҥшпан» есапланған акционерлерди қоймаў мақсетинде оларға акционерлердиң жыллық улыўма жыйналысы ӛткерилиўи ҳаққында мағлыўмат бермеўи мҥмкин.
Academic Journal
A Kurbanova; D Yuldasheva
Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке. :254-255
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The use of case study method in teaching english: 171 THE USE OF CASE STUDY METHOD IN TEACHING ENGLISH Mamutova Yu. Senior Teacher, KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan Tursinbaeva D. 1 st year student, KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan Annotation : The article deals with the actual modern teaching method, which develops the ability to analyze information, formulate problems and find their solution. A case is a description of a situation that took place in a particular practice and contains some problem that needs to be resolved. This is a kind of tool through which a piece of real life is brought into the classroom, a practical situation that has to be discussed and an informed decision is provided. Key words: case method, case-study, teaching methodology, problematic, role-playing, event-based, activity-based, temporal. One of the progressive teaching methods that can form key competencies is the case method, which allows you to move on to a situational teaching methodology. It is also the most common and widely used situational analysis technology [2: p. 20]. The ―homeland‖ of this method is the United States of America, or rather, the Harvard Business School, well known for its innovative developments. It was first applied in 1924 while teaching a fairly local professional area - management disciplines. Currently, two classical case-study schools coexist - Harvard (American) and Manchester (European). In the 20th century, when there was a rapid renewal of the content of all disciplines, favorable conditions were created for the use of interactive teaching methods in general, and the case method in particular. Case Study is a specific teaching method used to solve educational problems. The Harvard Business School mentioned above defines the case method as a teaching method in which students and teachers actively participate in the direct discussion of business situations or problems. A case is a description of a situation that took place in a particular practice and contains some problem that needs to be resolved. This is a kind of tool through which a piece of real life is brought into the classroom, a practical situation to be discussed and an informed decision is provided. Case studies are usually prepared in writing and based on the experience of real people. Due to the high concentration of roles in cases, this technology is close to game methods and problem-based learning [3: p. 2]. Case is a complex phenomenon; it should contain the most realistic picture and concrete facts, and also have a stable set of characteristics. Each case should include the following aspects: problem, conflict, role, event, activity, temporal, spatial. Objectives of the case method: 1) in-depth study of the subject; 2) preparation for contests, examinations; 3) individualization of the educational process [4: p. 97]. The case contains information that students must analyze and, based on this analysis, find a solution and then prove the correctness of their choice. The situation is first analyzed by each student independently, then discussed in pairs or small groups consisting of 3 or 4 people, where each participant contributes to solving the problem, and finally, in the course of a general discussion after considering all the alternatives and justifications an attempt is made to make a single decision. For this, it is very important to fulfill two conditions: the case material must be of professional interest to students and provide for the possibility of the student's personal contribution to his education and to the education of his ―team‖. In addition, the need to speak to group members with the justification of their opinion in a non-native language forces students to carefully prepare and logically build their statements. Professional knowledge and confidence in the ability to positively solve the problem facing the group is an additional incentive for mastering communication skills in a foreign language. Testing their communication skills during the discussion gives each participant the opportunity to discover their weaknesses and stimulates the desire to work towards improving knowledge of the language and its use in speech. Dialogues and discussions within the framework of the case are preceded by work on vocabulary and grammar, designed to help participants clearly express their thoughts and convince the interlocutor or several members of the group that they are right [5: p. 152]. When creating a case, it is advisable to adhere to a certain format, which includes: 1) Short, catchy name of the case. 172 2) The introduction, which usually provides information about the main characters of the case, tells about the background of the situation considered below, indicates the personally significant meaning of the problem contained in the given situation. 3) The main part, containing the main div of information and internal intrigue, the problem contained in the situation proposed for analysis. 4) Conclusion, where the situation may ―hang‖ at that stage of development that requires solving the problem. Optionally, the entire content of the case should be given in the form of familiar text. Instead of text or along with it, audio or video recordings, newspaper articles, various illustrations, statistical data in the form of graphs, diagrams, charts, etc. can be used [1: p. 200]. REFERENCES: 1. Casanave C.P. Writing games: Multicultural case studies of academic literacy practices in higher education. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002. 2. George, A.L., Bennett, A. Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005. 3. Hamel, J., Dufour, S., Fortin, D. Case study methods. Qualitative research methods (Vol. 32). Newbury Park, CA:Sage, 1993. 4. Merriam, S. Qualitative research and case study applications in education (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bas, 1998. 5. Stake, R. Case studies. In N.K. Denzin, Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 435–454). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000. THE IMPORTANCE OF VOCABULARY IN LANGUAGE LEARNING Dauletova D.B. Assistant teacher, English Language and Literature Department, KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan Rahimova D. 1 st year student, English Language and Literature Department, KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan Abstract: Vocabulary range has always been regarded as central part of learning language since individuals face several obstacles when they are learning new languages. Similarly, the majority of teachers have doubts in teaching vocabulary in a proper manner and where to begin with. This article illustrates the significance of vocabulary range and some techniques which are used effectively by English teachers. Key words: vocabulary, techniques and methods Аннотация: Словарный запас всегда рассматривался как центральная часть изучения языка, поскольку люди сталкиваются с рядом препятствий, когда они изучают новые языки. Точно так же большинство учителей сомневаются в том, как правильно преподавать лексику и с чего начать. Эта статья иллюстрирует значение словарного запаса и некоторые методы, которые эффективно используются учителями английского языка. Ключевые слова: лексика, упражнения и методы Vocabulary is considered as one of the essential aspects of acquiring language and its development. Limited vocabulary range prohibits succeeding in learning language, in particular, for second language learners since it never ends. Although a person can make grammatically accurate sentences, insufficient vocabulary range limits the learner‘s communication with others. If a person knows only the words but not the grammar, he can express or communicate what he is going to say by pronouncing the words. As we know, without knowing how to request information in a foreign language, we can make sentences in the native language using suitable words and specify what we need. According to Napa , states that ‗it is a fact that vocabulary is one of the components of the language. There are no languages that exist without words. They are the means by which people exchange their thoughts. The more words we learn the more ideas we should have. This way we can communicate our ideas more effectively. It is not easy to teach vocabulary, especially new vocabulary, to junior high school students, because teaching it requires an explanation of every part. However, at other times the teacher should see that the meaning and use of words should also be given a lot of attention‘ [ Napa : 1991].
Academic Journal
Yu Mamutova; D Tursinbaeva
Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке. :172-173
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The significance of technology in teaching l2: 213 in the clearest, most sensible way you can. Speak to your reader as if he or she were sitting in front of you. In other words, instead of writing the essay, try talking the essay. 8. Conclusion: Gracefully exit your essay by making a quick wrap-up sentence, and then end on some memorable thought, perhaps a quotation, or an interesting twist of logic, or some call to action. Is there something you want the reader to walk away and do? Let him or her know exactly what. 9. MLA Style: Format your essay according to the correct guidelines for citation. All borrowed ideas and quotations should be correctly cited in the div of your text, followed up with a Works Cited (references) page listing the details of your sources. 10. Language: You're not done writing your essay until you've polished your language by correcting the grammar, making sentences flow, incoperating rhythm, emphasis, adjusting the formality, giving it a level-headed tone, and making other intuitive edits. Proofread until it reads just how you want it to sound. To sum up, teaching students to produce a successful essay is a complex task which requires simultaneous control over a number of language systems as well as an ability to factor in considerations of the ways the discourse must be shaped for a particular audience and a particular purpose. Teaching students to become successful writers is no less a complex task. But it can be a tremendously rewarding one as well. REFERENCES : 1. Clause B.F. Transitions: from Reading to Writing. –New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1994. –461 p. 2. Krashen. S. D. Writing: Research, theory, and applications. New York. Pergamon. 1984 3. Prokhorova N. Writing an Essay. // First English №11, 2009 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING L2 Shamuratov J.U. trainee teacher, English Language and Literature Department, KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan Alimbaev M.A. trainee teacher, English Philology Department, KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan Annotation: The importance of technology in teaching English classroom. Technologies that support learners to develop their not only their IT skills, but also communicative language skills. Keywords: Kahoot, Flipgrid, Padlet, Pickerwheel, Testmoz, technology, L2. Teaching a second language is considerable and vital process in education system with its crucial and effective features such as methods, authentic materials, approaches, updated technologies, appropriate syllabus with lesson plans. While learning a second language process, learners can develop not only their grammar, vocabulary, and integrated language skills, but also comprehend the main features of the target language, its cultural, social norms, and comparing them to their L1. Furthermore, the major and essential aspects are increasing learners‘ quality of knowledge with authentic and real-life materials during the lesson, and improving their technological ability through using technologies in learning a second language lessons. In our modern world, information technology is coming to every sphere of professions and in education system and supporting them to become more effective and productive with the help of humanity. According to Schmidt (1995), there can be learning without intention, but there can be no learning without attention. Teachers should create positive environment to the learners, motivate them in order to affect their learning, and cognitive process, draw their attention to the lesson through using multimedia, and expose learners to as much of the language as possible through utilizing student-centered approach in class. According to Alshehri and Hetherington (2017), importance of learning atmosphere in class and influence on second language motivation to students by the role of teachers. The main and effective features of teaching a second language such as creating, designing, and developing curriculum, syllabus, lesson plans with authentic materials for appropriate level of learners, practicing language testing and assessing students‘ knowledge based on target criteria. Furthermore, illustrating the history and policy of L2, integrating grammar into skill-based lessons, teaching English for academic and specific purposes, and especially, designing and developing materials for L2 classrooms are considered crucial aspects of teaching a second language. Crawford Camiciottoli (2007) mentioned about teaching skills, practices, support critical thinking and inspire a positive attitude towards learning. This teaching portfolio is consisted of three significant lesson plans, which support learners to increase their integrated language skills through completing the authentic, reliable, practical activities, tasks with the help of technologies and traditional way in and out of the classroom. According to Selim (2007), users who are 214 very familiar with web technologies and the skills can increase their positive attitudes. Because, learners can improve their creativity; feel themselves in a good mood while doing activities with high interests. The first lesson plan is based on using various technologies in order to complete activities. I selected and modified activities according to the learners‘ level, and possibility to use technologies during the online class in order to develop their language skills. As Ralston (2012) mentioned that using, technology is a fact of progressing teaching and learning a second language process in online classes and improving L2 in the daily communication. Therefore, there are various technologies were used in the first lesson plan such as ―Flipgrid‖, ―Kahoot‖, ―Pickerwheel‖, ―Padlet‖, ―Testmoz‖ in order to promote learners improve their usage of technologies, make them to learn a second language with authentic materials, create positive atmosphere in online classes. In addition to this, learners can easily enter and complete the task without any difficulties. They can do the tasks with pleasure, enjoy with process of completing, and practice their IT and language skills in one time. Furthermore, there were used some YouTube videos according to the activities in order to complete correctly and comprehend the content of the task. As Thoman (2003) stated that media literacy has an influential role in learning a second language. From my point of view, using different videos appropriate to the classroom and topic, they influence on developing learners‘ communicative language skills and feel themselves freely when they are doing the tasks. The most valuable and effective part of teaching a second language is designing authentic materials and real-life situations and utilizing them in online and traditionally classes in order to improve learners creativity, knowledge, logical thinking abilities, integrated skills. There were used authentic activities for all three lesson that based on speaking through discussions, writing through various writing letters, reading through skimming, scanning and matching sentences, listening through watching videos, noticing information, grammar and vocabulary. The lesson is oriented to teach inductive way, because learners can learn and notice grammar through communicative way and realize the content. As Wati (2011) cited that teachers should be self-assured, confident, responsible and fluent in class and use not only instruction of knowledge but also more communicative approaches, directions in teaching process. To conclude, every teacher should not forget the saying ―even if you have 40 years‘ experience, you should be prepared for your lesson‖. Therefore, teachers should be ready for not only traditional classes, but also online classes with full of technologies and authentic materials in order to motivate, and support learners. Online teaching support teachers and learners to work collaboratively and achieve their target aims in teaching and learning. Utilizing technologies and authentic materials together leads to more advantages that are positive: increasing critical thinking, integrated skills, and learning perspectives, feeling comfort, and mastering a second language as their L1. Using technologies in microteaching supported me to gain more experience and knowledge, and practice technologies according to the activities. I have learnt more crucial and prestigious knowledge as a future ESL instructor that promote me all necessary and effective features of teaching a second language, and more advantages of teaching with updated technologies in order to create a rapport with learners, feel themselves freely, and achieve their target aims in learning a second language process. REFERENCES: 1. Alshehri, E., & Etherington, S. (2017). Motivational Strategies: The perceptions of EFL teachers and students in the Saudi higher education context national Journal of English language Education, Vol 5, No 2. 2. Celce-Murcia, M. 1991. Language and communication: A time for equilibrium and integration. In Georgetown University round table on language and linguistics, ed. J. E. Alatis, 223–37. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 3. Crawford Camiciottoli, B. C. (2007). The language of business studies lectures: A corpus assisted analysis. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins. 4. Ralston, K. (2012). Facebook affects student writing. The Battalion Online. Retrieved from http://www.thebatt.com/news/Facebook affects student writing1.1277596. 5. Schmidt, R. 1995. Consciousness and foreign language learning: A tutorial on the role of attention and awareness in learning. In Attention and awareness in foreign language learning, ed. R. Schmidt, 1–64. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 6. Selim, H. M. (2007). Critical success factors for e-learning acceptance: Confirmatory factor models. Computers and Education, 49(2007) 396–413. Retrieved http://www.qou.edu/arabic/researchProgram/eLearningResearchs/criticalSuccess . 7. Thoman, E. 2003. Media literacy: A guided tour of the best resources for teaching. The Clearing House76 (6): 278–83. www.jstor.org/stable/30189851. 215 8. Wati, Herlina. (2011). The Effectiveness of Indonesian English Teachers Training Programs In Improving Confidence And Motivation, International Journal of Instruction, 4, 1:79-104. THE IMPORTANCE OF SPOKEN INTERACTION IN EFL CLASSROOMS Abdiganieva N.A. 2 nd year student, English Language and Literature Department Scientific advisor: Shamuratov J.U. trainee teacher, English Language and Literature Department KarSU named after Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan Annotation: This article provides a brief overview of EFL students' ability to speak and use interactive methods. Keywords: Speech, thought, competence, EFL students, receptive. Speech is one of the basics that needs to be mastered English learners. Nunan (2003, p. 40) states that ―speaking is the ability to express an idea, thought, or verbal thought; it consists of creating a structured speech to speak in words to convey meaning so that it can be understood by the people we are ‖. Therefore, in language learning, the ability to speak is important for expressing thoughts, ideas, and feelings to others. Nowadays, the ability to speak a foreign language is one of them. It is becoming one of the most important requirements of modern life. As Richard emphasizes, the goal of education is to provide students with communicative competence and classroom. We need to take activities that develop students ‘ability to express themselves through speech. Therefore, students should be actively involved in the teaching and learning process, especially in speech. Through speech, students become familiar with the sentences used. Learning to speak English fluently and clearly is always a big task when learning a foreign language. This provides benefits for students. Professional vocabulary can increase, especially when we communicate with other people. Learning harmer states that encourage them to speak or use the language they have in EFL classes is an important part of teacher work. The people EFL students need are interns, not teachers. From this statement, it can be concluded that the teacher is focused on developing students' speaking skills. However, this cannot be denied. English teachers face difficulties in teaching speech, especially to EFL students. Nowadays, mastering speech is generally considered to be the most basic skill. From the beginning of the communicative era, it is seen as a challenge. The ultimate goal of language teaching and its proper development has been the focus on both teachers and students. However, this also acknowledged the fact that achieving the ability to speak a common foreign language is not an easy task in a classroom setting. Even advanced students often speak outside the classroom with confidence that they are not ready enough for a language course. According to Tarone, speech is usually considered ―the most complex and difficult skill to master‖. So the main idea in any oral communication is that. However, any misproduction in such verbal communication can lead to inconsistencies and misunderstandings, lack of target language, knowledge and socio-cultural diversity that may result from background differences. Thus, to ensure that it is interpreted correctly by the listener, Harmer listed some of the elements needed to produce speech. According to him, the ability to speak fluently means not only knowledge of language features, but also the ability to process information and language "on the spot". Similarly, Selce-Murcia and Olshtain suggested many conditions for speaking another language, i.e., vocabulary knowledge, syntax, and the ability to use speech combinations. It is important for EFL students to learn vocabulary, but it is more important to memorize phrases and fixed expressions. In fact, in English they are many. By memorizing the basics, you can easily communicate with native speakers and take the time to mentally compose phrases and sentences. Practice shows that knowing individual words does not improve the quality of oral speech, and a person makes many mistakes and tries to put words into the text. Question-answer exercises are used to enhance students' speech, improve memory, and repeat them. New words from the text are memorized. Questions and answers develop the ability to repeat those words in memory and to use them in speech. In addition, a variety of games in the classroom will increase the student's interest in learning the language and increase the speed of learning. In the Hot Ball game, students form a circle and say one of the new words to each other on the ball. Participants do not repeat each other's words, are expelled from the game if they repeat or stop speaking. That's the way to play. These techniques will also be useful for EFL students. Independent study at a high level plays a special role, especially in foreign languages for EFL students. The requirements for this course are different from those of the previous stages. The lesson is no
Academic Journal
J Shamuratov; M Alimbaev
Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке. :214-216
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Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 Journal > Special Issue > Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 > Page 5 'Quantative Methods in Modern Science' organized by Academic Paper Ltd, Russia MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS GAGEA SALISB., GROWING IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION Authors: Zhamal T. Igissinova,Almash A. Kitapbayeva,Anargul S. Sharipkhanova,Alexander L. Vorobyev,Svetlana F. Kolosova,Zhanat K. Idrisheva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00041 Abstract: Due to ecological preferences among species of the genus GageaSalisb, many plants are qualified as rare and/or endangered. Therefore, the problem of rational use of natural resources, in particular protection of early spring plant species is very important. However, literary sources analysis only reveals data on the biology of species of this genus. The present research,conducted in the spring of 2017-2019, focuses on anatomical and morphological features of two Altai species: Gagealutea and Gagea minima; these features were studied, clarified and confirmed by drawings and photographs. The anatomical structure of the stem and leaf blade was studied in detail. The obtained research results will prove useful for studies of medicinal raw materials and honey plants. The aforementioned species are similar in morphological features, yet G. minima issmaller in size, and its shoots appear earlier than those of other species Keywords: Flora,gageas,Altai species,vegetative organs., Refference: I. Atlas of areas and resources of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan.Almaty, 2008. II. Baitenov M.S. Flora of Kazakhstan.Almaty: Ġylym, 2001. III. DanilevichV. G. ThegenusGageaSalisb. of WesternTienShan. PhD Thesis, St. Petersburg,1996. IV. EgeubaevaR.A., GemedzhievaN.G. The current state of stocks of medicinal plants in some mountain ecosystems of Kazakhstan.Proceedings of the international scientific conference ‘'Results and prospects for the development of botanical science in Kazakhstan’, 2002. V. Kotukhov Yu.A. New species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) from Southern Altai. Bot. Journal.1989;74(11). VI. KotukhovYu.A. ListofvascularplantsofKazakhstanAltai. Botan. Researches ofSiberiaandKazakhstan.2005;11. VII. KotukhovYu. The current state of populations of rare and endangered plants in Eastern Kazakhstan. Almaty: AST, 2009. VIII. Kotukhov Yu.A., DanilovaA.N., AnufrievaO.A. Synopsisoftheonions (AlliumL.) oftheKazakhstanAltai, Sauro-ManrakandtheZaisandepression. BotanicalstudiesofSiberiaandKazakhstan. 2011;17: 3-33. IX. Kotukhov, Yu.A., Baytulin, I.O. Rareandendangered, endemicandrelictelementsofthefloraofKazakhstanAltai. MaterialsoftheIntern. scientific-practical. conf. ‘Sustainablemanagementofprotectedareas’.Almaty: Ridder, 2010. X. Krasnoborov I.M. et al. The determinant of plants of the Republic of Altai. Novosibirsk: SB RAS, 2012. XI. Levichev I.G. On the species status of Gagea Rubicunda. Botanical Journal.1997;6:71-76. XII. Levichev I.G. A new species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal. 2000;7: 186-189. XIII. Levichev I.G., Jangb Chang-gee, Seung Hwan Ohc, Lazkovd G.A.A new species of genus GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) from Kyrgyz Republic (Western Tian Shan, Chatkal Range, Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve). Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity.2019; 12: 341-343. XIV. Peterson A., Levichev I.G., Peterson J. Systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae) and infrageneric classification of Gagea based on molecular and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2008; 46. XV. Peruzzi L., Peterson A., Tison J.-M., Peterson J. Phylogenetic relationships of GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) in Italy, inferred from molecular and morphological data matrices. Plant Systematics and Evolution; 2008: 276. XVI. Rib R.D. Honey plants of Kazakhstan. Advertising Digest, 2013. XVII. Scherbakova L.I., Shirshikova N.A. Flora of medicinal plants in the vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Collection of materials of the scientific-practical conference ‘Unity of Education, Science and Innovation’. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2011. XVIII. syganovA.P. PrimrosesofEastKazakhstan. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2001. XIX. Tsyganov A.P. Flora and vegetation of the South Altai Tarbagatay. Berlin: LAP LAMBERT,2014. XX. Utyasheva, T.R., Berezovikov, N.N., Zinchenko, Yu.K. ProceedingsoftheMarkakolskStateNatureReserve. Ust-Kamenogorsk, 2009. XXI. Xinqi C, Turland NJ. Gagea. Flora of China.2000;24: 117-121. XXII. Zarrei M., Zarre S., Wilkin P., Rix E.M. Systematic revision of the genus GageaSalisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran.BotJourn Linn Soc.2007;154. XXIII. Zarrei M., Wilkin P., Ingroille M.J., Chase M.W. A revised infrageneric classification for GageaSalisb. (Tulipeae; Liliaceae): insights from DNA sequence and morphological data.Phytotaxa.2011:5. View | Download INFLUENCE OF SUCCESSION CROPPING ON ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NO-TILL CROP ROTATIONS Authors: Victor K. Dridiger,Roman S. Stukalov,Rasul G. Gadzhiumarov,Anastasiya A. Voropaeva,Viktoriay A. Kolomytseva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00042 Abstract: This study was aimed at examining the influence of succession cropping on the economic efficiency of no-till field crop rotations on the black earth in the zone of unstable moistening of the Stavropol krai. A long-term stationary experiment was conducted to examine for the purpose nine field crop rotation patterns different in the number of fields (four to six), set of crops, and their succession in crop rotation. The respective shares of legumes, oilseeds, and cereals in the cropping pattern were 17 to 33, 17 to 40, and 50 to 67 %. It has been established that in case of no-till field crop cultivation the economic efficiency of plant production depends on the set of crops and their succession in rotation. The most economically efficient type of crop rotation is the soya-winter wheat-peas-winter wheat-sunflower-corn six-field rotation with two fields of legumes: in this rotation 1 ha of crop rotation area yields 3 850 grain units per ha at a grain unit prime cost of 5.46 roubles; the plant production output return and profitability were 20,888 roubles per ha and 113 %, respectively. The high production profitabilities provided by the soya-winter wheat-sunflower four-field and the soya-winter-wheat-sunflower-corn-winter wheat five-field crop rotation are 108.7 and 106.2 %, respectively. The inclusion of winter wheat in crop rotation for two years in a row reduces the second winter wheat crop yield by 80 to 100 %, which means a certain reduction in the grain unit harvesting rate to 3.48-3.57 thousands per ha of rotation area and cuts the production profitability down to 84.4-92.3 %. This is why, no-till cropping should not include winter wheat for a second time Keywords: No-till technology,crop rotation,predecessor,yield,return,profitability, Refference: I Badakhova G. Kh. and Knutas A. V., Stavropol Krai: Modern Climate Conditions [Stavropol’skiykray: sovremennyyeklimaticheskiyeusloviya]. Stavropol: SUE Krai Communication Networks, 2007. II Cherkasov G. N. and Akimenko A. S. Scientific Basis of Modernization of Crop Rotations and Formation of Their Systems according to the Specializations of Farms in the Central Chernozem Region [Osnovy moderniz atsiisevooborotoviformirovaniyaikh sistem v sootvetstvii so spetsi-alizatsiyeykhozyaystvTsentral’nogoChernozem’ya]. Zemledelie. 2017; 4: 3-5. III Decree 330 of July 6, 2017 the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia 'On Approving Coefficients of Converting to Agricultural Crops to Grain Units [Ob utverzhdeniikoeffitsiyentovperevoda v zernovyyee dinitsysel’s kokhozyaystvennykhkul’tur]. IV Dridiger V. K., About Methods of Research of No-Till Technology [O metodikeissledovaniytekhnologii No-till]//Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC (Dostizheniyanaukiitekhniki APK). 2016; 30 (4): 30-32. V Dridiger V. K. and Gadzhiumarov R. G. Growth, Development, and Productivity of Soya Beans Cultivated On No-Till Technology in the Zone of Unstable Moistening of Stavropol Region [Rost, razvitiyeiproduktivnost’ soiprivozdelyvaniipotekhnologii No-till v zone ne-ustoychivog ouvlazhneniyaStavropol’skogokraya]//Oil Crops RTBVNIIMK (Maslichnyyekul’turyNTBVNIIMK). 2018; 3 (175): 52–57. VI Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Eroshenko F. V., Stukalov R. S., Gadzhiumarov, R. G., Effekt of No-till Technology on erosion resistance, the population of earthworms and humus content in soil (Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till naprotivoerozionnuyuustoychivost’, populyatsiyudozhdevykhcherveyisoderzhaniyegumusa v pochve)//Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2018; 9 (2): 766-770. VII Karabutov A. P., Solovichenko V. D., Nikitin V. V. et al., Reproduction of Soil Fertility, Productivity and Energy Efficiency of Crop Rotations [Vosproizvodstvoplodorodiyapochv, produktivnost’ ienergeticheskayaeffektivnost’ sevooborotov]. Zemledelie. 2019; 2: 3-7. VIII Kulintsev V. V., Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Kovtun V. I., Zhukova M. P., Effekt of No-till Technology on The Available Moisture Content and Soil Density in The Crop Rotation [Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till nasoderzhaniyedostupnoyvlagiiplotnost’ pochvy v sevoob-orote]// Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2017; 8 (6): 795-99. IX Kulintsev V. V., Godunova E. I., Zhelnakova L. I. et al., Next-Gen Agriculture System for Stavropol Krai: Monograph [SistemazemledeliyanovogopokoleniyaStavropol’skogokraya: Monogtafiya]. Stavropol: AGRUS Publishers, Stavropol State Agrarian University, 2013. X Lessiter Frank, 29 reasons why many growers are harvesting higher no-till yields in their fields than some university scientists find in research plots//No-till Farmer. 2015; 44 (2): 8. XI Rodionova O. A. Reproduction and Exchange-Distributive Relations in Farming Entities [Vosproizvodstvoiobmenno-raspredelitel’nyyeotnosheniya v sel’skokhozyaystvennykhorganizatsiyakh]//Economy, Labour, and Control in Agriculture (Ekonomika, trud, upravleniye v sel’skomkhozyaystve). 2010; 1 (2): 24-27. XII Sandu I. S., Svobodin V. A., Nechaev V. I., Kosolapova M. V., and Fedorenko V. F., Agricultural Production Efficiency: Recommended Practices [Effektivnost’ sel’skokhozyaystvennogoproizvodstva (metodicheskiyerekomendatsii)]. Moscow: Rosinforagrotech, 2013. XIII Sotchenko V. S. Modern Corn Cultivation Technologies [Sovremennayatekhnologiyavozdelyvaniya]. Moscow: Rosagrokhim, 2009. View | Download DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AUTONOMOUS PORTABLE SEISMOMETER DESIGNED FOR USE AT ULTRALOW TEMPERATURES IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Authors: Mikhail A. Abaturov,Yuriy V. Sirotinskiy, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00043 Abstract: This paper is concerned with solving one of the issues of the general problem of designing geophysical equipment for the natural climatic environment of the Arctic. The relevance of the topic has to do with an increased global interest in this region. The paper is aimed at considering the basic principles of developing and the procedure of testing seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. In this paper the indicated issue is considered through the example of a seismic module designed for petroleum and gas exploration by passive seismoacoustic methods. The seismic module is a direct-burial portable unit of around 5 kg in weight, designed to continuously measure and record microseismic triaxial orthogonal (ZNE) noise in a range from 0.1 to 45 Hz during several days in autonomous mode. The functional chart of designing the seismic module was considered, and concrete conclusions were made for choosing the necessary components to meet the ultralow-temperature operational requirements. The conclusions made served for developing appropriate seismic module. In this case, the components and tools used included a SAFT MP 176065 xc low-temperature lithium cell, industrial-spec electronic component parts, a Zhaofeng Geophysical ZF-4.5 Chinese primary electrodynamic seismic sensor, housing seal parts made of frost-resistant silicone materials, and finely dispersed silica gel used as water-retaining sorbent to avoid condensation in the housing. The paper also describes a procedure of low-temperature collation tests at the lab using a New Brunswick Scientific freezing plant. The test results proved the operability of the developed equipment at ultralow temperatures down to -55°C. In addition, tests were conducted at low microseismic noises in the actual Arctic environment. The possibility to detect signals in a range from 1 to 10 Hz at the level close to the NLNM limit (the Peterson model) has been confirmed, which allows monitoring and exploring petroleum and gas deposits by passive methods. As revealed by this study, the suggested approaches are efficient in developing high-precision mobile seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. The solution of the considered instrumentation and methodical issues is of great practical significance as a constituent of the generic problem of Arctic exploration. Keywords: Seismic instrumentation,microseismic monitoring,Peterson model,geological exploration,temperature ratings,cooling test, Refference: I. AD797: Ultralow Distortion, Ultralow Noise Op Amp, Analog Devices, Inc., Data Sheet (Rev. K). Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD797.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). II. Agafonov, V. M., Egorov, I. V., and Shabalina, A. S. Operating Principles and Technical Characteristics of a Small-Sized Molecular–Electronic Seismic Sensor with Negative Feedback [Printsipyraboty I tekhnicheskiyekharakteristikimalogabaritnogomolekulyarno-elektronnogoseysmodatchika s otritsatel’noyobratnoysvyaz’yu]. SeysmicheskiyePribory (Seismic Instruments). 2014; 50 (1): 1–8. DOI: 10.3103/S0747923914010022. III. Antonovskaya, G., Konechnaya, Ya.,Kremenetskaya, E., Asming, V., Kvaema, T., Schweitzer, J., Ringdal, F. Enhanced Earthquake Monitoring in the European Arctic. Polar Science. 2015; 1 (9): 158-167. 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Analytical comparison of seismic instruments for stationary surveys in the Arctic [Sravnitel’nyyanalizseysmicheskoyapparaturydlyastatsionarnykhnablyudeniy v Arktike]. DSYS. URL: https://dsys.ru/upload/id254_docPDF_FranzJosefLand.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). X. Dew point temperature calculator. Maple Tech. International LLC. URL: https://www.calculator.net/dew-point-calculator.html?airtemperature=20&airtemperatureunit=celsius&humidity=0.34&dewpoint=&dewpointunit=celsius&x=51&y=14(Date of access September 2, 2019). XI. Frolov, A. S. Matching of wave fields recorded by different geophysical receivers [Soglasovaniyevolnovykhpoley, poluchennykh s primeneniyemrazlichnoyregistriruyushcheyapparatury]. Abstracts IX International scientific and technical conference competition of young specialists 'Geophysics-2013'. Saint-Petersburg: Gubkin University, 2013. 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F., Chirkin, I. A., Rizanov, E. G., LeRoy, S. D., Koligaev, S. O. Long-term monitoring of microseismic emissions: Earth tides, fracture distribution, and fluid content. SEG, APPG Interpretation. 2016: 4 (2): T191–T204. XIX. Laverov, N. P., Bogoyavlenskiy, V. I., Bogoyavlenskiy, I. V. Fundamental Aspects of Rational Management of the Petroleum and Gas Resources of the Arctic and the Russian Continental Shelf: Strategy, Prospects, and Problems [Fundamental’nyyeaspektyratsional’nogoosvoyeniyaresursovneftiigazaArktiki I shel’faRossii: strategiya, perspektivyi problem].Arktika: ekologiya I ekonomika [Arctic: Ecology and Economy]. 2016; 2 (22): 4-13. XX. Lee, P. Low Noise Amplifier Selection Guide for Optimal Noise Performance, Analog Devices, Inc., AN-940 Application Note. Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/application-notes/AN-940.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXI. Markatis, N., Polychronopoulou, K., Tselentis, Ak. Passive seismic tomography: A passive concept actively evolving. First Break. 2012; 30 (7): 83-90. XXII. Matveev, I. V. and Matveeva, N. V. Portable seismic recorder 'SEISAR-5' with very low energy consumption for autonomous work in harsh climatic conditions [Portativnyyseysmicheskiyregistrator «Seysar-5» s ochen’ nizkimenergopotrebleniyemdlyaavtonomnoyraboty v slozhnykhklimatic heskikhusloviyakh]. Nauka I tekhnologicheskierazrabotki (Science and Technological Developments). 2017; 96 (3): 33-40. [Special Issue 'Applied Geophysics: New Developments and Results. Part 1. Seismology and Seismic Exploration]. DOI: 10.21455/std2017.3-3. XXIII. Mishra, R. The Temperature Ratings of Electronic Parts.Electronics Cooling magazine. URL: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2004/02/the-temperature-ratings-of-electronic-parts(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXIV. Moore, Sue E.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Van Pelt, Thomas I. The Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) project. 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View | Download COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH FOOT PATHOLOGY WHO UNDERWENT WEIL OPEN OSTEOTOMY BY CLASSICAL METHOD AND WITHOUT STEOSYNTHESIS Authors: Yuriy V. Lartsev,Dmitrii A. Rasputin,Sergey D. Zuev-Ratnikov,Pavel V.Ryzhov,Dmitry S. Kudashev,Anton A. Bogdanov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00044 Abstract: The article considers the problem of surgical correction of the second metatarsal bone length. The article analyzes the results of treatment of patients with excess length of the second metatarsal bones that underwent osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis. The results of treatment of patients who underwent metatarsal shortening due to classical Weil-osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis were analyzed. The first group consisted of 34 patients. They underwent classical Weil osteotomy. The second group included 44 patients in whomosteotomy of the second metatarsal bone were not by the screw. When studying the results of the treatment in the immediate postoperative period, weeks 6, 12, slightly better results were observed in patients of the first group, while one year after surgical treatment the results in both groups were comparable. One year after surgical treatment, there were 2.9% (1 patient) of unsatisfactory results in the first group and 4.5% (2 patients) in the second group. Considering the comparability of the results of treatment in remote postoperative period, the choice of concrete method remains with the operating surgeon. Keywords: Flat feet,hallux valgus,corrective osteotomy,metatarsal bones, Refference: I. A novel modification of the Stainsby procedure: surgical technique and clinical outcome [Text] / E. Concannon, R. MacNiocaill, R. Flavin [et al.] // Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Dec., Vol. 20(4). – P. 262–267. II. Accurate determination of relative metatarsal protrusion with a small intermetatarsal angle: a novel simplified method [Text] / L. Osher, M.M. Blazer, S. Buck [et al.] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Sep.-Oct., Vol. 53(5). – P. 548–556. III. Argerakis, N.G. The radiographic effects of the scarf bunionectomy on rearfoot alignment [Text] / N.G. Argerakis, L.Jr. Weil, L.S. Sr. Weil // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Apr., Vol. 8(2). – P. 89–94. IV. Bauer, T. Percutaneous forefoot surgery [Text] / T. Bauer // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2014. – Feb., Vol. 100(1 Suppl.). – P. S191–S204. V. Biomechanical Evaluation of Custom Foot Orthoses for Hallux Valgus Deformity [Text] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2015. – Sep.-Oct., Vol.54(5). – P. 852–855. VI. Chopra, S. Characterization of gait in female patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity [Text] / S. Chopra, K. Moerenhout, X. Crevoisier // Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 30(6). – P. 629–635. VII. Computer assisted planning and custom-made surgical guide for malunited pronation deformity after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report [Text] / M. Hirao, S. Ikemoto, H. Tsuboi [et al.] // Comput. Aided Surg. – 2014. – Vol. 19(1-3). – P. 13–19. VIII. Correlation between static radiographic measurements and intersegmental angular measurements during gait using a multisegment foot model [Text] / D.Y. Lee, S.G. Seo, E.J. Kim [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Jan., Vol.36(1). – P. 1–10. IX. Correlative study between length of first metatarsal and transfer metatarsalgia after osteotomy of first metatarsal [Text]: [Article in Chinese] / F.Q. Zhang, B.Y. Pei, S.T. Wei [et al.] // Zhonghua Yi XueZaZhi. – 2013. – Nov. 19, Vol. 93(43). – P. 3441–3444. X. Dave, M.H. Forefoot Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison of Shod and Unshod Populations [Text] / M.H. Dave, L.W. Mason, K. Hariharan // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 8(5). – P. 378–383. XI. Does arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint correct the intermetatarsal M1M2 angle? Analysis of a continuous series of 208 arthrodeses fixed with plates [Text] / F. Dalat, F. Cottalorda, M.H. Fessy [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6). – P. 709–714. XII. Dynamic plantar pressure distribution after percutaneous hallux valgus correction using the Reverdin-Isham osteotomy [Text]: [Article in Spanish] / G. Rodríguez-Reyes, E. López-Gavito, A.I. Pérez-Sanpablo [et al.] // Rev. Invest. Clin. – 2014. – Jul., Vol. 66, Suppl. 1. – P. S79-S84. XIII. Efficacy of Bilateral Simultaneous Hallux Valgus Correction Compared to Unilateral [Text] / A.V. Boychenko, L.N. Solomin, S.G. Parfeyev [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Nov., Vol. 36(11). – P. 1339–1343. XIV. Endolog technique for correction of hallux valgus: a prospective study of 30 patients with 4-year follow-up [Text] / C. Biz, M. Corradin, I. Petretta [et al.] // J. OrthopSurg Res. – 2015. – Jul. 2, № 10. – P. 102. XV. First metatarsal proximal opening wedge osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus deformity: comparison of straight versus oblique osteotomy [Text] / S.H. Han, E.H. Park, J. Jo [et al.] // Yonsei Med. J. – 2015. – May, Vol. 56(3). – P. 744–752. XVI. Long-term outcome of joint-preserving surgery by combination metatarsal osteotomies for shortening for forefoot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [Text] / H. Niki, T. Hirano, Y. Akiyama [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – Sep., Vol. 25(5). – P. 683–638. XVII. Maceira, E. Transfer metatarsalgia post hallux valgus surgery [Text] / E. Maceira, M. Monteagudo // Foot Ankle Clin. – 2014. – Jun., Vol. 19(2). – P.285–307. XVIII. Nielson, D.L. Absorbable fixation in forefoot surgery: a viable alternative to metallic hardware [Text] / D.L. Nielson, N.J. Young, C.M. Zelen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2013. – Jul., Vol. 30(3). – P. 283–293 XIX. Patient’s satisfaction after outpatient forefoot surgery: Study of 619 cases [Text] / A. Mouton, V. Le Strat, D. Medevielle [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6 Suppl.). – P. S217–S220. XX. Preference of surgical procedure for the forefoot deformity in the rheumatoid arthritis patients–A prospective, randomized, internal controlled study [Text] / M. Tada, T. Koike, T. Okano [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – May., Vol. 25(3). – P.362–366. XXI. Redfern, D. Percutaneous Surgery of the Forefoot [Text] / D. Redfern, J. Vernois, B.P. Legré // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 32(3). – P. 291–332. XXII. Singh, D. Bullous pemphigoid after bilateral forefoot surgery [Text] / D. Singh, A. Swann // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Feb., Vol. 8(1). – P. 68–72. XXIII. Treatment of moderate hallux valgus by percutaneous, extra-articular reverse-L Chevron (PERC) osteotomy [Text] / J. Lucas y Hernandez, P. Golanó, S. Roshan-Zamir [et al.] // Bone Joint J. – 2016. – Mar., Vol. 98-B(3). – P. 365–373. XXIV. Weil, L.Jr. Scarf osteotomy for correction of hallux abducto valgus deformity [Text] / L.Jr. Weil, M. Bowen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2014. – Apr., Vol.31(2). – P. 233–246. View | Download QUANTITATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE IN HEALTHYDOGS Authors: Roman A. Tcygansky,Irina I. Nekrasova,Angelina N. Shulunova,Alexander I.Sidelnikov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00045 Abstract: Purpose.To determine the quantitative echogenicity indicators (and their ratio) of the layers of stomach and small intestine wall in healthy dogs. Methods. A prospective 3-year study of 86 healthy dogs (aged 1-7 yrs) of different breeds and of both sexes. Echo homogeneity and echogenicity of the stomach and intestines wall were determined by the method of Silina, T.L., et al. (2010) in absolute values ​​of average brightness levels of ultrasound image pixels using the 8-bit scale with 256 shades of gray. Results. Quantitative echogenicity indicators of the stomach and the small intestine wall in dogs were determined. Based on the numerical values ​​characterizing echogenicity distribution in each layer of a separate structure of the digestive system, the coefficient of gastric echogenicity is determined as 1:2.4:1.1 (mucosa/submucosa/muscle layers, respectively), the coefficient of duodenum and jejunum echogenicity is determined as 1:3.5:2 and that of ileum is 1:1.8:1. Clinical significance. The echogenicity coefficient of the wall of the digestive system allows an objective assessment of the stomach and intestines wall and can serve as the basis for a quantitative assessment of echogenicity changes for various pathologies of the digestive system Keywords: Ultrasound (US),echogenicity,echogenicity coefficient,digestive system,dogs,stomach,intestines, Refference: I. Agut, A. Ultrasound examination of the small intestine in small animals // Veterinary focus. 2009.Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 20-29. II. Bull. 4.RF patent 2398513, IPC51A61B8 / 00 A61B8 / 14 (2006.01) A method for determining the homoechogeneity and the degree of echogenicity of an ultrasound image / T. Silina, S. S. Golubkov. – No. 2008149311/14; declared 12/16/2008; publ. 09/10/2010 III. Choi, M., Seo, M., Jung, J., Lee, K., Yoon, J., Chang, D., Park, RD. Evaluation of canine gastric motility with ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2002. Vol. 64. – № 1. – P. 17-21. IV. Delaney, F., O’Brien, R.T., Waller, K.Ultrasound evaluation of small bowel thickness compared to weight in normal dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2003 Vol. 44, № 5. Р 577-580. V. Diana, A., Specchi, S., Toaldo, M.B., Chiocchetti, R., Laghi, A., Cipone, M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the small bowel in healthy cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2011. – Vol. 52, № 5. – Р. 555-559. VI. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Errors in abdominal ultrasonography in dogs and cats // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2012. Vol. 53. – № 9. – P. 514-519. VII. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Importance of fasting in preparing dogs for abdominal ultrasound examination of specific organs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2014. Vol. 55. – № 12. – P. 630-634. VIII. Gaschen, L., Granger, L.A., Oubre, O., Shannon, D., Kearney, M., Gaschen, F. The effects of food intake and its fat composition on intestinal echogenicity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 546-550 IX. Gaschen, L., Kircher, P., Stussi, A., Allenspach, K., Gaschen, F., Doherr, M., Grone, A. Comparison of ultrasonographic findings with clinical activity index (CIBDAI) and diagnosis in dogs with chronic enteropathies // Veterinary radiology and ultrasound. – 2008. – Vol. 49. – № 1. – Р. 56-64. X. Gil, E.M.U. Garcia, D.A.A. Froes, T.R. In utero development of the fetal intestine: Sonographic evaluation and correlation with gestational age and fetal maturity in dogs // Theriogenology. 2015. Vol. 84, №5. Р. 681-686. XI. Gladwin, N.E. Penninck, D.G., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thickness of the wall layers in the intestinal tract of dogs // American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2014. Vol. 75, №4. Р. 349-353. XII. Gory, G., Rault, D.N., Gatel, L, Dally, C., Belli, P., Couturier, L., Cauvin, E. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the abdominal esophagus and cardia in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2014. Vol. 55, № 5. P. 552-560. XIII. Günther, C.S. Lautenschläger, I.E., Scholz, V.B. Assessment of the inter- and intraobserver variability for sonographical measurement of intestinal wall thickness in dogs without gastrointestinal diseases | [Inter-und Intraobserver-Variabilitätbei der sonographischenBestimmung der Darmwanddicke von HundenohnegastrointestinaleErkrankungen] // Tierarztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere – Heimtiere. 2014. Vol. 42 №2. Р. 71-78. XIV. Hanazono, K., Fukumoto, S., Hirayama, K., Takashima, K., Yamane, Y., Natsuhori, M., Kadosawa, T., Uchide, T. Predicting Metastatic Potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in dog by ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2012. Vol. 74. – № 11. – P. 1477-1482. XV. Heng, H.G., Lim, Ch.K., Miller, M.A., Broman, M.M.Prevalence and significance of an ultrasonographic colonic muscularishyperechoic band paralleling the serosal layer in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2015. Vol. 56 № 6. P. 666-669. XVI. Ivančić, M., Mai, W. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of renal vs. hepatic ultrasonographic intensity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2008. Vol. 49. № 4. Р. 368-373. XVII. Lamb, C.R., Mantis, P. Ultrasonographic features of intestinal intussusception in 10 dogs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2008. Vol. 39. – № 9. – P. 437-441. XVIII. Le Roux, A. B., Granger, L.A., Wakamatsu, N, Kearney, M.T., Gaschen, L.Ex vivo correlation of ultrasonographic small intestinal wall layering with histology in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound.2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 534-545. XIX. Nielsen, T. High-frequency ultrasound of Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of young cats / T. Nielsen [et al.] // Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 18, № 4. – Р. 303-309. XX. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In Nyland T.G., Mattoon J.S. (eds): Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 2002, 2nd ed. Р. 207-230. XXI. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In: PenninckD.G.,d´Anjou M.A. Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. 2008. Р. 281-318. XXII. Penninck, D.G., Nyland, T.G., Kerr, L.Y., Fisher, P.E. Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastrointestinal diseases in small animals // Veterinary Radiology. 1990. Vol. 31. №3. P. 134-141. XXIII. Penninck, D.G.,Webster, C.R.L.,Keating, J.H. The sonographic appearance of intestinal mucosal fibrosis in cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2010. – Vol. 51, № 4. – Р. 458-461. XXIV. Pollard, R.E.,Johnson, E.G., Pesavento, P.A., Baker, T.W., Cannon, A.B., Kass, P.H., Marks, S.L. Effects of corn oil administered orally on conspicuity of ultrasonographic small intestinal lesions in dogs with lymphangiectasia // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2013. Vol. 54. № 4. P. 390-397. XXV. Rault, D.N., Besso, J.G., Boulouha, L., Begon, D., Ruel, Y. Significance of a common extended mucosal interface observed in transverse small intestine sonograms // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2004. Vol. 45. №2. Р. 177-179. XXVI. Sutherland-Smith, J., Penninck, D.G., Keating, J.H., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic intestinal hyperechoic mucosal striations in dogs are associated with lacteal dilation // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2007. Vol. 48. – № 1. – P. 51-57. View | Download EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS Authors: Larisa A. Merdenova,Elena A. Takoeva,Marina I. Nartikoeva,Victoria A. Belyayeva,Fatima S. Datieva,Larisa R. Datieva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00046 Abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the functional reserves of the body to quantify individual health; adaptation, psychophysiological characteristics of the health quality of medical students in different seasons of the year. When studying the temporal organization of physiological functions, the rhythm parameters of physiological functions were determined, followed by processing the results using the Cosinor Analysis program, which reveals rhythms with an unknown period for unequal observations, evaluates 5 parameters of sinusoidal rhythms (mesor, amplitude, acrophase, period, reliability). The essence of desynchronization is the mismatch of circadian rhythms among themselves or destruction of the rhythms architectonics (instability of acrophases or their disappearance). Desynchronization with respect to the rhythmic structure of the body is of a disregulatory nature, most pronounced in pathological desynchronization. High neurotism, increased anxiety reinforces the tendency to internal desynchronization, which increases with stress. During examination stress, students experience a decrease in the stability of the temporary organization of the biosystem and the tension of adaptive mechanisms develops, which affects attention, mental performance and the quality of adaptation to the educational process. Time is shortened and the amplitude of the 'initial minute' decreases, personal and situational anxiety develops, and the level of psychophysiological adaptation decreases. The results of the work are priority because they can be used in assessing quality and level of health. Keywords: Desynchronosis,biorhythms,psycho-emotional stress,mesor,acrophase,amplitude,individual minute, Refference: I. Arendt, J., Middleton, B. Human seasonal and circadian studies in Antarctica (Halley, 75_S) – General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2017: 250-259. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.010). II. BalandinYu.P. A brief methodological guide on the use of the agro-industrial complex 'Health Sources' / Yu.P. Balandin, V.S. Generalov, V.F. Shishlov. Ryazan, 2007. III. Buslovskaya L.K. Adaptation reactions in students at exam stress/ L.K. Buslovskaya, Yu.P. Ryzhkova. Scientific bulletin of Belgorod State University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2011;17(21):46-52. IV. Chutko L. S. Sindromjemocionalnogovygoranija – Klinicheskie I psihologicheskieaspekty./ L.S Chutko. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2013. V. Eroshina K., Paul Wilkinson, Martin Mackey. The role of environmental and social factors in the occurrence of diseases of the respiratory tract in children of primary school age in Moscow. Medicine. 2013:57-71. VI. Fagrell B. 'Microcirculation of the Skin'. The physiology and pharmacology of the microcirculation. 2013:423. VII. Gurova O.A. Change in blood microcirculation in students throughout the day. New research. 2013; 2 (35):66-71. VIII. Khetagurova L.G. – Stress/Ed. L.G. Khetagurov. Vladikavkaz: Project-Press Publishing House, 2010. IX. Khetagurova L.G., Urumova L.T. et al. Stress (chronomedical aspects). International Journal of Experimental Education 2010; 12: 30-31. X. Khetagurova L.G., Salbiev K.D., Belyaev S.D., Datieva F.S., Kataeva M.R., Tagaeva I.R. Chronopathology (experimental and clinical aspects/ Ed. L.G. Khetagurov, K.D. Salbiev, S.D.Belyaev, F.S. Datiev, M.R. Kataev, I.R. Tagaev. Moscow: Science, 2004. XI. KlassinaS.Ya. Self-regulatory reactions in the microvasculature of the nail bed of fingers in person with psycho-emotional stress. Bulletin of new medical technologies, 2013; 2 (XX):408-412. XII. Kovtun O.P., Anufrieva E.V., Polushina L.G. Gender-age characteristics of the component composition of the body in overweight and obese schoolchildren. Medical Science and Education of the Urals. 2019; 3:139-145. XIII. Kuchieva M.B., Chaplygina E.V., Vartanova O.T., Aksenova O.A., Evtushenko A.V., Nor-Arevyan K.A., Elizarova E.S., Efremova E.N. A comparative analysis of the constitutional features of various generations of healthy young men and women in the Rostov Region. Modern problems of science and education. 2017; 5:50-59. XIV. Mathias Adamsson1, ThorbjörnLaike, Takeshi Morita – Annual variation in daily light expo-sure and circadian change of melatonin and cortisol consent rations at a northern latitude with large seasonal differences in photoperiod length – Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 2017; 36: 6 – 15. XV. Merdenova L.A., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A. Features of the study of biological rhythms in children. The results of fundamental and applied research in the field of natural and technical sciences. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Belgorod, 2017, pp. 119-123. XVI. Ogarysheva N.V. The dynamics of mental performance as a criterion for adapting to the teaching load. Bulletin of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014;16:5 (1): S.636-638. XVII. Pekmezovi T. Gene-environment interaction: A genetic-epidemiological approach. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2010;29:131-134. XVIII. Rapoport S.I., Chibisov S.M. Chronobiology and chronomedicine: history and prospects/Ed. S.M. Chibisov, S.I. Rapoport ,, M.L. Blagonravova. Chronobiology and Chronomedicine: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) Press. Moscow, 2018. XIX. Roustit M., Cracowski J.L. 'Non-invasive assessment of skin microvascular function in humans: an insight into methods' – Microcirculation 2012; 19 (1): 47-64. XX. Rud V.O., FisunYu.O. – References of the circadian desinchronosis in students. Ukrainian Bulletin of Psychoneurology. 2010; 18(2) (63): 74-77. XXI. Takoeva Z. A., Medoeva N. O., Berezova D. T., Merdenova L. A. et al. Long-term analysis of the results of chronomonitoring of the health of the population of North Ossetia; Vladikavkaz Medical and Biological Bulletin. 2011; 12(12,19): 32-38. XXII. Urumova L.T., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A., Datieva L.R. – The study of some health indicators of medical students in different periods of the year. Health and education in the XXI century. 2016; 18(4): 94-97. XXIII. Westman J. – Complex diseases. In: Medical genetics for the modern clinician. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. XXIV. Yadrischenskaya T.V. Circadian biorhythms of students and their importance in educational activities. Problems of higher education. Pacific State University Press. 2016; 2:176-178. View | Download TRIADIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Authors: Stanislav A.Kudzh,Victor Ya. Tsvetkov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00047 Abstract: The present study of comparison methods based on the triadic model introduces the following concepts: the relation of comparability and the relation of comparison, and object comparison and attributive comparison. The difference between active and passive qualitative comparison is shown, two triadic models of passive and active comparison and models for comparing two and three objects are described. Triadic comparison models are proposed as an alternative to dyadic comparison models. Comparison allows finding the common and the different; this approach is proposed for the analysis of the nomothetic and ideographic method of obtaining knowledge. The nomothetic method identifies and evaluates the general, while the ideographic method searches for unique in parameters and in combinations of parameters. Triadic comparison is used in systems and methods of argumentation, as well as in the analysis of consistency/inconsistency. Keywords: Comparative analysis,dyad,triad,triadic model,comparability relation,object comparison,attributive comparison,nomothetic method,ideographic method, Refference: I. AltafS., Aslam.M.Paired comparison analysis of the van Baarenmodel using Bayesian approach with noninformativeprior.Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research 8(2) (2012) 259{270. II. AmooreJ. E., VenstromD Correlations between stereochemical assessments and organoleptic analysis of odorous compounds. Olfaction and Taste (2016) 3{17. III. BarnesJ., KlingerR. Embedding projection for targeted cross-lingual sentiment: model comparisons and a real-world study. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 691{742. doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11561 IV. Castro-SchiloL., FerrerE.Comparison of nomothetic versus idiographic-oriented methods for making predictions about distal outcomes from time series data. Multivariate Behavioral Research 48(2) (2013) 175{207. V. De BonaG.et al. Classifying inconsistency measures using graphs. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 937{987. VI. FideliR. La comparazione. Milano: Angeli, 1998. VII. GordonT. F., PrakkenH., WaltonD. The Carneades model of argument and burden of proof. Artificial Intelligence 10(15) (2007) 875{896. VIII. GrenzS.J. The social god and the relational self: A Triad theology of the imago Dei. Westminster: John Knox Press, 2001. IX. HermansH.J. M.On the integration of nomothetic and idiographic research methods in the study of personal meaning.Journal of Personality 56(4) (1988) 785{812. X. JamiesonK. G., NowakR. Active ranking using pairwise comparisons.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2011) 2240{2248. XI. JongsmaC.Poythress’s triad logic: a review essay. Pro Rege 42(4) (2014) 6{15. XII. KärkkäinenV.M. Trinity and Religious Pluralism: The Doctrine of the Trinity in Christian Theology of Religions. London: Routledge, 2017. XIII. KudzhS. A., TsvetkovV.Ya. Triadic systems. Russian Technology Magazine 7(6) (2019) 74{882. XIV. NelsonK.E.Some observations from the perspective of the rare event cognitive comparison theory of language acquisition.Children’s Language 6 (1987) 289{331. XV. NiskanenA., WallnerJ., JärvisaloM.Synthesizing argumentation frameworks from examples. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 503{554. XVI. PührerJ.Realizability of three-valued semantics for abstract dialectical frameworks.Artificial Intelligence 278 (2020) 103{198. XVII. SwansonG.Frameworks for comparative research: structural anthropology and the theory of action. In: Vallier, Ivan (Ed.). Comparative methods in sociology: essays on trends and applications.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971 141{202. XVIII. TsvetkovV.Ya.Worldview model as the result of education.World Applied Sciences Journal 31(2) (2014) 211{215. XIX. TsvetkovV. Ya. Logical analysis and variable scales. Slavic Forum 4(22) (2018) 103{109. XX. Wang S. et al. Transit traffic analysis zone delineating method based on Thiessen polygon. Sustainability 6(4) (2014) 1821{1832. View | Download DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY OF CREATING WEAR-RESISTANT CERAMIC COATING FOR ICE CYLINDER
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