부산대학교 도서관

Broms, J; Linhardt, C; Fevang, E; Helliksson, F; Skallsjo, G; Haugland, H; Knudsen, JS; Bekkevold, M; Tvede, MF; Brandenstein, P; Hansen, TM; Kruger, A; Rognas, L; Lossius, HM; Gellerfors, M

British journal of anaesthesia. 131(6):1102-1111

Hilbert-Carius, Peter; Struck, Manuel F.; Rudolph, Marcus; Knapp, Jürgen; Rognås, Leif; Adler, Jörn; Slagt, Cor; Jacobsen, Lars; Pich, Henryk; Christian, Michael D.; Dandrifosse, Didier; Abu-Zidan, Fikri M.; Maddock, Alistair; Truhlar, Anatolij; Joaosagla, Antonio; Nevin, Daniel; Werner, Daniel; Moens, Didier; Aylagas, Diego; Quinn, Eimhea; Smrzova, Eva; Pernot, Frederic; Helliksson, Fredrik; van Geffen, Geert Jan; Aichinger, Gernot; van derde Velde, Jason; Chatterjee, John; Seifert, Jörg; Holm, Kirsti Strammen; Hirner, Manfred; de Leeuw, Marcel; Kowalski, Marcin; Radnai, Marton; Rebling, Niko; Lakatos, Philipp; Ketelaars, Rein; Lyon, Richard; Galazkowski, Robert; Gebei, Robert; Tranca, Sebastian Daniel; Sollid, Stephen; Lampic, Uros; Pietsch, Urs; Schweigkofler, Uwe; Voipio, Ville; Voelckel, Wolfgang

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. August 26, 2021, Vol. 29 Issue 1

Helliksson, F; Wernerman, J; Wiklund, L; Rosell, J; Karlsson, M

Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. 76(6):479-485

Robba, C.; Battaglini, D.; Ball, L.; Brunetti, I.; Pelosi, P.; Badenes, R.; Sanfilippo, F.; Jakobsen, J.C.; Lilja, G.; Friberg, H.; Wendel-Garcia, P.D.; Young, P.J.; Eastwood, G.; Chew, M.S.; Unden, J.; Thomas, M.; Joannidis, M.; Nichol, A.; Lundin, A.; Hollenberg, J.; Hammond, N.; Saxena, M.; Martin, A.; Solar, M.; Taccone, F.S.; Dankiewicz, J.; Nielsen, N.; Grejs, A.M.; Ebner, F.; Bělohlávek, J.; Callaway, C.; Cariou, A.; Cronberg, T.; Erlinge, D.; Hovdenes, J.; Kirkegaard, H.; Levin, H.; Morgan, M.P.G.; Nordberg, P.; Oddo, M.; Rylander, C.; Storm, C.; Ullén, S.; Wise, M.P.; Rowan, K.; Harrison, D.; Mouncey, P.; Shankar-Hari, M.; Young, D.; Lange, T.; Palmér, K.; Karlsson, U.-B.; Heissler, S.; Bass, F.; Myburgh, J.; Taylor, C.; Bellino, A.; Abel-all, M.; Finfer, B.; Koch, C.; Li, Y.; O’Connor, A.; Pilowsky, J.; Schneider, T.; Tippett, A.; Ady, B.; Broadley, T.; Brown, A.; Melgaard, L.; Morgan, M.; Singh, V.; Symons, R.; Becker, K.; Sante, N.; Saleova, V.; Zerzanova, S.; Sefir-Kribel, S.; Lübeck, U.; Carrara, M.; Fernando, K.; Mackle, D.; Navarra, L.; Riley, J.; Westerheim, E.; Flatebø, M.; Ceric, A.; Haxhija, Z.; Terling, L.; Bossmar, L.; Jergle, L.; Månsson, H.H.; Maillard, S.A.; Zagar, A.V.; Jodlauk, C.; Scrivens, J.; Ainscough, K.; Fahey, C.; Bellomo, R.; Peck, L.; Young, H.; Cheung, W.; Cross, R.; Hayes, M.; Jain, N.; Kol, M.; Shah, A.; Wagh, A.; Wong, H.; Eduardo Martinez, F.; Brinkerhoff, G.; Bush, D.; Stewart, A.; Aneman, A.; Lombardo, L.; McCanny, P.; Penketh, J.; Seppelt, I.; Gresham, R.; Lowrey, J.; Masters, K.; Whitehead, C.; Walsham, J.; Harward, M.; Mackay, J.; Meyer, J.; Saylor, E.; Venz, E.; Wetzig, K.; Stedman, W.; Ashelford, A.; Mar, S.; Tokumitsu, M.; Yarad, E.; Buscher, H.; Reynolds, C.; Udy, A.; Burrell, A.; Collins, J.; Gantner, D.; Martin, V.E.-L.; Mccracken, P.; Nanjayya, V.; Richardson, A.S.; Young, M.; Ghosh, A.; Said, S.; Beer, R.; Hartig, F.; Helbok, R.; Klein, S.; Peer, A.; Creteur, J.; Durand, D.; Dupont, M.; Christiaens, S.; Claes, C.; Deckx, S.; Ferdinande, B.; Lenaerts, S.; Mullens, W.; Stroobants, S.; Theunissen, E.; Verhaert, D.; Šmíd, O.; Flaksa, M.; Kemlink, D.; Malík, J.; Otáhal, M.; Rulíšek, J.; Šíranec, M.; Stach, Z.; Valeriánová, A.; Zavadilova, P.; Solař, M.; Bánszky, R.; Červená, J.; Pařízková, R.Č.; Šimůnek, L.; Varhaník, F.; Karásek, J.; Strýček, M.; Grejs, A.; Christensen, S.; Juhl-Olsen, P.; Thomsen, I.K.; Østergaard, L.G.; Cao, A.; Dupland, P.; Gavaud, A.; Jaubert, P.; Jozwiak, M.; Marin, N.; Savary, G.; Deye, N.; Megarbane, B.; Mora, P.; Sutterlin, L.; Legriel, S.; Bellut, H.; Ferre, A.; Lacave, G.; Paul, M.; Lascarrou, J.-B.; Canet, E.; Garret, C.; Miaihle, A.F.; Reignier, J.; Vignon, P.; Daix, T.; Desachy, A.; Evrard, B.; Francois, B.; Fedou, A.-L.; Goudelin, M.; Leithner, C.; Nee, J.; Streitberger, K.J.; Bonatti, G.; Firpo, I.; Frisoni, P.; Iachi, A.; Maiani, S.; Mandelli, M.; Tarantino, F.; Barbieri, A.; Bertellini, E.; Giuliani, E.; Melegari, G.; Roman-Pognuz, E.; Berlot, G.; Lucangelo, U.; Macchini, E.; Aune, V.; Drægni, T.; Jacobsen, S.; Pieschke, S.; Rasmussen, Å.; Akselsen, G.R.; Langeland, H.; Bergum, D.; Erbe, T.M.; Klepstad, P.; Næss, H.M.; Olsen, R.B.; Skjelnes, L.E.; Holen, M.; Post, J.I.; Fanebust, R.; Sørensen, L.H.; Kårstad, K.Å.; Wickman, C.F.; Barnes, C.; Barry, B.; Beehre, N.; Dinsdale, D.; Edney, S.; Hunt, A.; Judd, H.; Latimer-Bell, C.; Lawrence, C.; Moore, J.; Olatunji, S.; Psirides, A.; Robinson, C.; Tietjens, K.; Wright, J.; Knight, D.; Birker, B.; Bowie, D.; Burke, T.; Closey, D.; Crombie, R.; Davidson, N.; Henderson, S.; Hitchings, L.; McKay, J.; Mehrtens, J.; Minto, E.; Morgan, S.; Morris, A.; Ritzemar-Carter, J.; Roberts, J.; Shaw, G.; Townend, K.; Heyden, K.V.; Ahlqvist, M.; Lindgren, R.D.; Eiving, I.; Martner, P.; Myhrman, E.; Ryding, B.; Düring, J.; Bergström, M.; Bohm, M.; Didriksson, I.; Frid, P.; Heimburg, K.; Larsson, M.; Lundberg, O.; Hau, S.O.; Schmidbauer, S.; Borgquist, O.; Adolfsson, A.; Bjärnroos, A.; Blennow-Nordström, E.; Dragancea, I.; Kander, T.; Lybeck, A.; Mattiasson, G.; Persson, O.; Rundgren, M.; Schrey, S.; Westhall, E.; Annborn, M.; Andertun, S.; Gustavsson, N.; Hassel, L.; Johnsson, J.; Nelderup, M.; Petersson, H.; Petersson, J.; Stafilidou, F.; Undén, J.; Antonsson, F.; Bergman, G.; Gamroth, J.; Meirik, M.; Rudolfsson, K.; Sandberg, H.; Thorsson, M.; Savolainen, K.; Hansbo, M.; Helliksson, M.; Nödtveidt, B.; Sanner, J.; Sem, V.; Lindquist, C.S.; Awad, A.; Börjesson, A.-S.; Hedberg, M.; Henning, M.; Petersen, P.; Dahlberg, E.; Forshammar, J.; Svensson, V.; Wanecek, M.; Eskilsson, H.; Rodriguez-Santos, D.; Appelqvist, Å.; Jidbratt, H.; Johansson, E.; Kiszakiewicz, L.; Nilsson, Å.; Olsson, S.; Paulsson, A.; Stempel, U.; Thoren, A.; Persson, S.; Berglund, I.; Bergström, E.; Törnqvist, C.; Östman, I.; Rubertsson, S.; Larsson, I.-M.; Söderman, E.; Wallin, E.; Wessbergh, J.; Halliday, T.; Engvall, F.; Ben-Hamouda, N.; Bernini, A.; Carron, P.-N.; Eckert, P.; Favre, E.; Miroz, J.-P.; Morelli, P.; Muller, O.; Novi, J.; Rosseti, A.; Schnorf, M.; Haenggi, M.; Levis, A.; Nansoz, S.; Roth, M.; Söll, N.; Schrag, C.; Alicajic, M.; Baier, P.; Dütschler, J.; Flügel, D.; Fässler, E.; Gamio-Veis, R.; Güpfert, M.; Hilpertshauser, Y.; Hägele-Link, S.; Kleger, G.-R.; Krähenmann, P.; Mair, M.E.; Schai, N.; Strohmaier, C.; Tangl, P.; Zieglgänsberger, D.; Maggiorini, M.; Claus, G.; Consani-Vogel, G.; Imbach, L.; Kaiser, S.; Kleinert, E.-M.; Garcia, P.D.W.; Cassina, T.; Agazzi, P.; Capelli, B.; Casso, G.; Regazzi, M.; Schlotterbeck, H.; Via, G.; Villa, M.; Brooks, J.; Cocks, E.; Cole, J.; Curtin, J.; Davies, M.; Davies, R.; Fernandez, S.; Highfield, J.; Hill, H.; Pennant, L.; Rose, S.; Thomas, E.; Williams, A.; McGuigan, P.; Haffey, S.; O’Neill, A.; Ward, K.; Bewley, J.; Chillingworth, A.; Cloake, J.; Cole, L.; Galvin, H.; Garland, Z.; Grimmer, L.; Gumbrill, B.; Howie, L.; Johnson, R.; Searles, C.; Skorko, A.; Sweet, K.; Taylor, V.; Webster, D.; Keeble, T.; Adams, G.; Aggarwal, R.K.; Cartwright, J.-A.; Church, S.; Clesham, G.J.; Davies, J.R.; Farrell, K.; Gamma, R.; Harding, J.; Jagathesan, R.; Kabir, A.; Kelly, P.A.; Kittridge, L.; Maccaroni, M.; Maloney, G.; Mion, M.; Nain, N.; Nalgirkar, R.; Namjoshi, G.; Pepper, S.; Redman, E.; Sayer, J.; Solesbury, A.; Tang, K.H.; Urovi, S.; Waghmare, K.; Watson, N.; Webber, T.; Isherwood, P.; Bentley, C.; Bergin, C.; Carrera, R.; Clark, A.; Cooper, L.; Despy, L.; Dooley, N.; Ellis, K.; Fellows, E.; Goundry, S.; Harkett, S.; McGhee, C.; Neal, A.; Smith, H.; Snelson, C.; Spruce, E.; Whitehouse, T.; Yakoub, K.; Walden, A.; Bartley, S.; Bhuie, P.; Frise, M.; Jacques, N.; Keating, L.; Pogson, D.; Daly, Z.; Rose, S.; Bannard-Smith, J.; Quayle, R.; Chee, N.; Barratt, N.; Bowman, K.; Branney, D.; Howe, E.; Letts, M.; Pitts, S.; Vamplew, L.; Callaway, C.W.; Sprouse, S.D.; Doshi, A.A.; Fugate, J.; Headlee, A.M.; Wijdicks, E.F.M.

In: Critical Care. (Critical Care, December 2022, 26(1))

Robba, C.; Battaglini, D.; Ball, L.; Brunetti, I.; Pelosi, P.; Badenes, R.; Jakobsen, J.C.; Lilja, G.; Friberg, H.; Wendel-Garcia, P.D.; Young, P.J.; Eastwood, G.; Chew, M.S.; Unden, J.; Thomas, M.; Joannidis, M.; Nichol, A.D.; Lundin, A.; Hollenberg, J.; Hammond, N.; Saxena, M.; Annborn, M.; Solar, M.; Taccone, F.S.; Dankiewicz, J.; Nielsen, N.; Belohlávek, J.; Callaway, C.; Cariou, A.; Cronberg, T.; Erlinge, D.; Hovdenes, J.; Jakobsen, J.C.; Kirkegaard, H.; Levin, H.; Morgan, M.P.G.; Nordberg, P.; Oddo, M.; Rylander, C.; Storm, C.; Ullén, S.; Wise, M.P.; Rowan, K.; Harrison, D.; Mouncey, P.; Shankar-Hari, M.; Young, D.; Ullén, S.; Lange, T.; Palmér, K.; Karlsson, U.-B.; Heissler, S.; Bass, F.; Myburgh, J.; Taylor, C.; Bellino, A.; Abel-all, M.; Finfer, B.; Koch, C.; Li, Y.; O’Connor, A.; Pilowsky, J.; Schneider, T.; Tippett, A.; Ady, B.; Broadley, T.; Brown, A.; Melgaard, L.; Morgan, M.; Singh, V.; Symons, R.; Becker, K.; Van Sante, N.; Saleova, V.; Zerzanova, S.; Levin, H.; Sefir-Kribel, S.; Lübeck, U.; Negri, M.; Carrara, M.; Fernando, K.; Mackle, D.; Navarra, L.; Riley, J.; Westerheim, E.; Flatebø, M.; Ceric, A.; Haxhija, Z.; Terling, L.; Bossmar, L.; Jergle, L.; Månsson, H.H.; Maillard, S.A.; Zagar, A.V.; Jodlauk, C.; Hill, H.; Scrivens, J.; Ainscough, K.; Fahey, C.; Bellomo, R.; Peck, L.; Young, H.; Cheung, W.; Cross, R.; Hayes, M.; Jain, N.; Kol, M.; Shah, A.; Wagh, A.; Wong, H.; Martinez, F.E.; Brinkerhoff, G.; Bush, D.; Stewart, A.; Aneman, A.; Lombardo, L.; McCanny, P.; Penketh, J.; Seppelt, I.; Gresham, R.; Lowrey, J.; Masters, K.; Whitehead, C.; Walsham, J.; Harward, M.; Mackay, J.; Meyer, J.; Saylor, E.; Venz, E.; Wetzig, K.; Stedman, W.; Ashelford, A.; Mar, S.; Pilowsky, J.; Tokumitsu, M.; Yarad, E.; Buscher, H.; Reynolds, C.; Udy, A.; Burrell, A.; Collins, J.; Gantner, D.; Martin, V.E.-L.; Mccracken, P.; Nanjayya, V.; Richardson, A.S.; Young, M.; Ghosh, A.; Said, S.; Beer, R.; Hartig, F.; Helbok, R.; Klein, S.; Peer, A.; Creteur, J.; Durand, D.; Dupont, M.; Christiaens, S.; Claes, C.; Deckx, S.; Ferdinande, B.; Lenaerts, S.; Mullens, W.; Stroobants, S.; Theunissen, E.; Verhaert, D.; Šmíd, O.; Flaksa, M.; Kemlink, D.; Malík, J.; Otáhal, M.; Rulíšek, J.; Šíranec, M.; Stach, Z.; Valeriánová, A.; Zavadilova, P.; Solar, M.; Bánszky, R.; Cervená, J.; Parízková, R.C.; Šimunek, L.; Varhaník, F.; Karásek, J.; Strýcek, M.; Grejs, A.; Christensen, S.; Juhl-Olsen, P.; Thomsen, I.K.; Østergaard, L.G.; Dupland, P.; Gavaud, A.; Jaubert, P.; Jozwiak, M.; Marin, N.; Savary, G.; Deye, N.; Megarbane, B.; Mora, P.; Sutterlin, L.; Legriel, S.; Bellut, H.; Ferre, A.; Lacave, G.; Lascarrou, M.P.J.-B.; Canet, E.; Garret, C.; Miaihle, A.F.; Reignier, J.; Vignon, P.; Daix, T.; Desachy, A.; Evrard, B.; Francois, B.; Fedou, A.-L.; Goudelin, M.; Storm, C.; Kress, G.; Leithner, C.; Nee, J.; Streitberger, K.J.; Bonatti, G.; Firpo, I.; Frisoni, P.; Iachi, A.; Maiani, S.; Mandelli, M.; Tarantino, F.; Barbieri, A.; Bertellini, E.; Giuliani, E.; Melegari, G.; Roman-Pognuz, E.; Berlot, G.; Lucangelo, U.; Macchini, E.; Hovdenes, J.; Aune, V.; Drægni, T.; Jacobsen, S.; Pieschke, S.; Rasmussen, Å.; Akselsen, G.R.; Langeland, H.; Bergum, D.; Erbe, T.M.; Klepstad, P.; Næss, H.M.; Olsen, R.B.; Skjelnes, L.E.; Holen, M.; Post, J.I.; Fanebust, R.; Sørensen, L.H.; Kårstad, K.Å.; Wickman, C.F.; Young, P.; Barnes, C.; Barry, B.; Beehre, N.; Dinsdale, D.; Edney, S.; Hunt, A.; Judd, H.; Latimer-Bell, C.; Lawrence, C.; Moore, J.; Olatunji, S.; Psirides, A.; Robinson, C.; Tietjens, K.; Wright, J.; Knight, D.; Birker, B.; Bowie, D.; Burke, T.; Closey, D.; Crombie, R.; Davidson, N.; Henderson, S.; Hitchings, L.; McKay, J.; Mehrtens, J.; Minto, E.; Morgan, S.; Morris, A.; Ritzemar-Carter, J.; Roberts, J.; Shaw, G.; Townend, K.; Vander Heyden, K.; Rylander, C.; Ahlqvist, M.; Lindgren, R.D.; Eiving, I.; Martner, P.; Myhrman, E.; Ryding, B.; Düring, J.; Bergström, M.; Bohm, M.; Didriksson, I.; Frid, P.; Heimburg, K.; Larsson, M.; Lundberg, O.; Hau, S.O.; Schmidbauer, S.; Borgquist, O.; Adolfsson, A.; Bjärnroos, A.; Blennow-Nordström, E.; Dragancea, I.; Kander, T.; Lybeck, A.; Mattiasson, G.; Persson, O.; Rundgren, M.; Schrey, S.; Westhall, E.; Andertun, S.; Ebner, F.; Gustavsson, N.; Hassel, L.; Johnsson, J.; Nelderup, M.; Petersson, H.; Petersson, J.; Stafilidou, F.; Undén, J.; Antonsson, F.; Bergman, G.; Gamroth, J.; Meirik, M.; Rudolfsson, K.; Sandberg, H.; Thorsson, M.; Savolainen, K.; Hansbo, M.; Helliksson, M.; Nödtveidt, B.; Sanner, J.; Sem, V.; Lindquist, C.S.; Awad, A.; Börjesson, A.-S.; Hedberg, M.; Henning, M.; Petersen, P.; Dahlberg, E.; Forshammar, J.; Svensson, V.; Wanecek, M.; Eskilsson, H.; Rodriguez-Santos, D.; Appelqvist, Å.; Jidbratt, H.; Johansson, E.; Kiszakiewicz, L.; Nilsson, Å.; Olsson, S.; Paulsson, A.; Stempel, U.; Thoren, A.; Persson, S.; Berglund, I.; Bergström, E.; Törnqvist, C.; Östman, I.; Rubertsson, S.; Larsson, I.-M.; Söderman, E.; Wallin, E.; Wessbergh, J.; Halliday, T.; Engvall, F.; Oddo, M.; Ben-Hamouda, N.; Bernini, A.; Carron, P.-N.; Eckert, P.; Favre, E.; Miroz, J.-P.; Morelli, P.; Muller, O.; Novi, J.; Rosseti, A.; Schnorf, M.; Haenggi, M.; Levis, A.; Nansoz, S.; Söll, N.; Schrag, C.; Alicajic, M.; Baier, P.; Dütschler, J.; Flügel, D.; Fässler, E.; Gamio-Veis, R.; Güpfert, M.; Hilpertshauser, Y.; Hägele-Link, S.; Kleger, G.-R.; Krähenmann, P.; Mair, M.E.; Schai, N.; Strohmaier, C.; Tangl, P.; Zieglgänsberger, D.; Maggiorini, M.; Claus, G.; Consani-Vogel, G.; Imbach, L.; Kaiser, S.; Kleinert, E.-M.; Wendel Garcia, P.D.; Cassina, T.; Agazzi, P.; Capelli, B.; Casso, G.; Regazzi, M.; Schlotterbeck, H.; Via, G.; Villa, M.; Wise, M.P.; Brooks, J.; Cocks, E.; Cole, J.; Curtin, J.; Davies, M.; Davies, R.; Fernandez, S.; Highfield, J.; Hill, H.; Morgan, M.P.G.; Pennant, L.; Rose, S.; Thomas, E.; Williams, A.; McGuigan, P.; Haffey, S.; O’Neill, A.; Ward, K.; Bewley, J.; Chillingworth, A.; Cloake, J.; Cole, L.; Galvin, H.; Garland, Z.; Grimmer, L.; Gumbrill, B.; Howie, L.; Johnson, R.; Searles, C.; Skorko, A.; Sweet, K.; Taylor, V.; Webster, D.; Keeble, T.; Adams, G.; Aggarwal, R.K.; Cartwright, J.-A.; Church, S.; Clesham, G.J.; Davies, J.R.; Farrell, K.; Gamma, R.; Harding, J.; Jagathesan, R.; Kabir, A.; Kelly, P.A.; Kittridge, L.; Maccaroni, M.; Maloney, G.; Mion, M.; Nain, N.; Nalgirkar, R.; Namjoshi, G.; Pepper, S.; Redman, E.; Robinson, N.M.; Sayer, J.; Solesbury, A.; Tang, K.H.; Urovi, S.; Waghmare, K.; Watson, N.; Webber, T.; Isherwood, P.; Bentley, C.; Bergin, C.; Carrera, R.; Clark, A.; Cooper, L.; Despy, L.; Dooley, N.; Ellis, K.; Fellows, E.; Goundry, S.; Harkett, S.; McGhee, C.; Neal, A.; Smith, H.; Snelson, C.; Spruce, E.; Whitehouse, T.; Yakoub, K.; Walden, A.; Bartley, S.; Bhuie, P.; Frise, M.; Jacques, N.; Keating, L.; Pogson, D.; Daly, Z.; Rose, S.; Bannard-Smith, J.; Quayle, R.; Chee, N.; Barratt, N.; Bowman, K.; Branney, D.; Howe, E.; Letts, M.; Pitts, S.; Vamplew, L.; Callaway, C.W.; Sprouse, S.D.; Doshi, A.A.; Fugate, J.; Headlee, A.M.; Wijdicks, E.F.M.

In: Intensive Care Medicine. (Intensive Care Medicine, 01 August 2022, 48(8):1024-1038)

Turella S; Department of Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Anesthesiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli', IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.; Dankiewicz J; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Friberg H; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Jakobsen JC; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Leithner C; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.; Levin H; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Lilja G; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.; Moseby-Knappe M; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology and Rehabilitation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Nielsen N; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden.; Rossetti AO; Department of Neurology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Sandroni C; Department of Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Anesthesiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli', IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.; Zubler F; Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Cronberg T; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Westhall E; Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University, S-221 85, Lund, Sweden. erik.westhall@med.lu.se.

Publisher: Springer Verlag Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7704851 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1238 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03424642 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Intensive Care Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Dankiewicz J; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Cronberg T; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Lilja G; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Jakobsen JC; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Levin H; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Ullén S; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Rylander C; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Wise MP; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Oddo M; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Cariou A; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Bělohlávek J; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Hovdenes J; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Saxena M; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Kirkegaard H; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Young PJ; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Pelosi P; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Storm C; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Taccone FS; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Joannidis M; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Callaway C; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Eastwood GM; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Morgan MPG; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Nordberg P; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Erlinge D; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Nichol AD; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Chew MS; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Hollenberg J; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Thomas M; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Bewley J; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Sweet K; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Grejs AM; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Christensen S; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Haenggi M; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Levis A; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Lundin A; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Düring J; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Schmidbauer S; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Keeble TR; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Karamasis GV; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Schrag C; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Faessler E; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Smid O; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Otáhal M; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Maggiorini M; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Wendel Garcia PD; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Jaubert P; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Cole JM; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Solar M; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Borgquist O; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Leithner C; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Abed-Maillard S; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Navarra L; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Annborn M; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Undén J; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Brunetti I; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Awad A; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; McGuigan P; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Bjørkholt Olsen R; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Cassina T; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Vignon P; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Langeland H; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Lange T; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Friberg H; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).; Nielsen N; From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.).

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE