부산대학교 도서관

Egerson, Daniel; Thornton, Bradly S.; Thompson, Diego; Westlake, Shannon M.; McConnell, Mark D.; Evans, Kristine O.

Society & Natural Resources. 38:1146-1168

Dongngan T. Truong; Felicia L. Trachtenberg; Chenwei Hu; Gail D. Pearson; Kevin Friedman; Arash A. Sabati; Audrey Dionne; Matthew E. Oster; Brett R. Anderson; Joseph Block; Tamara T. Bradford; M. Jay Campbell; Laura D’Addese; Kirsten B. Dummer; Matthew D. Elias; Daniel Forsha; Olukayode D. Garuba; Keren Hasbani; Kerri Hayes; Camden Hebson; Pei-Ni Jone; Anita Krishnan; Sean Lang; Brian W. McCrindle; Kimberly E. McHugh; Elizabeth C. Mitchell; Tonia Morrison; Juan Carlos Muniz; R. Mark Payne; Michael A. Portman; Mark W. Russell; Yamuna Sanil; Divya Shakti; Kavita Sharma; J. Ryan Shea; Michelle Sykes; Lara S. Shekerdemian; Jacqueline Szmuszkovicz; Deepika Thacker; Jane W. Newburger; Kristin Burns; Victoria Pemberton; D’Andrea Egerson; Lynn Mahony; Julie Miller; Allison Crosby-Thompson; Ayesha Amarnath; James Ambrosoli; Cassandra Artis; Kay Rubio; Chitra Kinhikar; Amanda Marshall; Devine Mbiydzenyuy; Valentina Kazlova; PJ Mu; Lozan Eyob; Beverly Slayton; Lauren DiStefano; Jami Honig; Tiffany Bowie; Rob Nero; Emily Birmingham; Robin Rowe; Melissa Joyce; Cole Gallagher; Djenawa Bowman; Mo Zhang; Sachin Bandari; Alissa Mooney; Andreea Dragulescu; Christopher Lam; Rae Yeung; Beth Gamulka; Jessica Bainton; Martha Rolland; Patti Walter; Simran Mahanta; Thomas Giorgio; Veronique Wright; Olivia Rossi; Numaira Khan; Annette Baker; Lisa Jean Buckley; Jessica Jones; LaTina Watson; Anna Clarke; Tor-Samuel-Aleer Leek; Gwendolyn Orav; Therese Giglia; Katherine Lupton; Donna Sylvester; Dana Albizem; Kristin Lanzilotta; Grace Marks; Tyler Kasmarcak; Madison Johnson; Megan Bickford; Edem Binka; Linda Lambert; Lilly Fagatele; Emma Joyce; Andrea Dunn; Mark Russell; Tammy Doman; Lori Harris; Marisa Almaguer; Elise Pickering; Lauryn Dugan; Kathleen Rathge; Elizabeth Seibert; Mary Stumpf; Jennifer Howell; Jyoti Patel; Nancy Kehlenbrink; Gloria Mitscher; Melissa Burnett; Kolby Sanders-Lewis; Morgan Van Dresser; Beatrice Doe-Printemps; Brooke Evans; William T. Mahle; Lazaros Kochilas; Madison Rudow; Susie Gentry; Kristie Le; Caitlen Taylor; Kristen Sexson Tejtel; Elias Moussi; Faridis Serrano; Sandra Pena; Ricardo Pignatelli; Asela Liu; Kanwal Farooqi; Brett Anderson; Amee Shah; Michael DiLorenzo; Neeka Karaminian; Katrina Golub; Chantal Sanchez; Chanel Rojas; Karen Martyrosyan; Jacqueline R. Szmuszkovicz; Andrew L. Cheng; Sindhu Mohandas; Jodie K. Votava-Smith; Shuo Wang; Pierre C. Wong; Jennifer Su; Allison Garcia; Anastasia Sarkissian; Matthew Dam; Javier Medina; Catherine Ikemba; Maria Martinez; Parvin Mohazabnia; Delaney Evans; Wendy Rojas; Stephanie Handler; Regina Cole; Jennifer Maldonado; Shubhika Srivastava; Carol Prospero; Varsha Zadokar; Ed Williams; Michael Carr; Kathleen Van't Hof; Lauren Goodell; Colleen Sullivan; Jason Lu; Aaron Olson; Eyal Sagiv; Sujatha Buddhe; Hidemi Kajimoto; Deepthi G. Nair; Mikayla A. Beckley; Camilla Pedroso; Cisco Pedroso; Kirsten Dummer; Joan Pancheri; Sherrie Bandy; Katheryn Crane; Ashraf Harahsheh; Charles Berul; Laura Olivieri; Jordyn Britton; Mitchell Haverty; Alix Fetch; Christina Schott; Sarah Litt; Jennifer Nelson; Dara Watkins; Suchitra Rao; Michelle Hite; Isabel Glassmeyer; Heather Heizer; Sonia Chavez; Todd Nowlen; Ashley Herzberg; Samantha Stack; Jade Porche; Megan Warner; Susan Park; Amy Johnson; Amy Ellerbe; Kathleen Nagaran Hildebrand; Aimee S. Parnell; Onyekachukwu Osakwe; Michael D. Weiland; Phenique Parker; Jeffrey A. Kertis; Charlotte V. Hobbs; Candace M. Howard; Shivraj Savadkar; Aren E. Worrell; Madelyn R. Barr; Heather Williams; David Gordy; Preeti Vemula; Zachary White; Jemylle Grace S. Morato; Sandra Tyler; Krissie Hock; Lerraughn Morgan; Carl Owada; Mayra Lemus Rangel; Isaura Macias; Tania Jimenez; Gautham Singh; Sanjeev Aggarwal; Charmaine Williams-Farr; Nancy Sullivan; Aiman Almasnaah; Vishnu Undyala; Brian Hannah; Mary McCall; Emily Ward; Louisa Keith; Jacob Strelow; Sagar Jani; Antonette Salazar; Rachel Downey; Ken Shaffer; Chesney Castleberry; Lisa Pomeroy; Rachel Amsellem; Olga Shamailova; Arlett Zelaya; Marla Johnston; Moya Chang; Ryan Shea; Miriam Davis; Maryanne Chrisant; Danielle Katz; Norma \\'Jean\\' Barton; Doris Alaby; Paulette Smith; Bukky Oni; Francesca Sperotto; Ed Marcus; Raquel Ferreira; Patrick McGeoghegan; Michael Taylor; Joshua Germann; Andrew Powell; Andrew Mackie; Jogarao Gobburu; Sally Hunsberger; Patrick McQuillen; Michael Spaeder; Dianne Atkins; Craig Broberg; David J. Driscoll; Frank Evans; Sally A. Hunsberger; Liza-Marie Johnson; Thomas J. Knight; Paul Lipkin; J. Philip Saul

JAMA Pediatrics. 179:293

Christian, Aaron Kobina; Egerson, Daniel; Kushitor, Sandra Boatemaa

PLOS ONE; DEC 1 2025, 20 12, pe0337065 19p.

Egerson, D.; Kpegba-Fiaboe, E.E.; Christian, A.K.

In: Journal of Rural Studies. (Journal of Rural Studies, October 2025, 119)

Christian, Aaron Kobina; Daniel, Egerson; Sanuade, Olutobi Adekunle

BMC PUBLIC HEALTH; JUL 23 2025, 25 1, p2535 11p.

Bainton J; Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Trachtenberg F; HealthCore, Watertown, MA, USA.; McCrindle BW; Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Wang K; HealthCore, Watertown, MA, USA.; Boruta R; Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA.; Brosig CL; Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.; Egerson D; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Sood E; Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.; Calderon J; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Doman T; University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Golub K; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.; Graham A; Children's Hospital of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Haas K; Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Hamstra M; Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.; Lindauer B; Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.; Sylvester D; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Woodard F; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.; Young-Borkowski L; Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.; Mussatto KA; Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9200019 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1467-1107 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10479511 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cardiol Young Subsets: MEDLINE

Matthew D. Elias; Dongngan T. Truong; Matthew E. Oster; Felicia L. Trachtenberg; Xiangyu Mu; Pei-Ni Jone; Elizabeth C. Mitchell; Kirsten B. Dummer; S. Kristen Sexson Tejtel; Onyekachukwu Osakwe; Deepika Thacker; Jennifer A. Su; Tamara T. Bradford; Kristin M. Burns; M. Jay Campbell; Thomas J. Connors; Laura D’Addese; Daniel Forsha; Olivia H. Frosch; Therese M. Giglia; Lauren R. Goodell; Stephanie S. Handler; Keren Hasbani; Camden Hebson; Anita Krishnan; Sean M. Lang; Brian W. McCrindle; Kimberly E. McHugh; Lerraughn M. Morgan; R. Mark Payne; Arash Sabati; Eyal Sagiv; Yamuna Sanil; Faridis Serrano; Jane W. Newburger; Audrey Dionne; Gail Pearson; Victoria Pemberton; D’Andrea Egerson; Lynn Mahony; Julie Miller; Kerri Hayes; Allison Crosby-Thompson; Ayesha Amarnath; James Ambrosoli; Cassandra Artis; Kay Rubio; Chitra Kinhikar; Amanda Marshall; Devine Mbiydzenyuy; Valentina Kazlova; Chenwei Hu; Lozan Eyob; Beverly Slayton; Lauren DiStefano; Jami Honig; Tiffany Bowie; Rob Nero; Emily Birmingham; Robin Rowe; Melissa Joyce; Cole Gallagher; Djenawa Bowman; Mo Zhang; Alissa Mooney; Andreea Dragulescu; Christopher Lam; Rae Yeung; Beth Gamulka; Jessica Bainton; Martha Rolland; Patti Walter; Simran Mahanta; Thomas Giorgio; Numaira Khan; Annette Baker; Lisa Jean Buckley; Jessica Jones; LaTina Watson; Anna Clarke; Tor-Samuel-Aleer Leek; Gwendolyn Orav; Tonia Morrison; Katherine Lupton; Donna Sylvester; Dana Albizem; Kristin Lanzilotta; Grace Marks; Madison Johnson; Megan Bickford; Linda Lambert; Lilly Fagatele; Andrea Curless; Mark Russell; Tammy Doman; Marisa Almaguer; Lauryn Dugan; Kathleen Rathge; Elizabeth Seibert; Mary Stumpf; Jennifer Howell; Jyoti Patel; Gloria Mitscher; Melissa Burnett; Kolby Sanders-Lewis; Brooke Evans; William T. Mahle; Lazaros Kochilas; Madison Rudow; Susie Gentry; Kristie Le; Caitlen Taylor; Lara Shekerdemian; Elias Moussi; Sandra Pena; Ricardo Pignatelli; Olukayode Garuba; Asela Liu; Brett Anderson; Chantal Sanchez; Karen Martyrosyan; Jacqueline R. Szmuszkovicz; Andrew L. Cheng; Sindhu Mohandas; Jodie K. Votava-Smith; Shuo Wang; Pierre C. Wong; Kavita Sharma; Maria Martinez; Parvin Mohazabnia; Wendy Rojas; Joseph Block; Regina Cole; Jennifer Maldonado; Shubhika Srivastava; Carol Prospero; Varsha Zadokar; Ed Williams; Michael Carr; Kathleen Van't Hof; Colleen Sullivan; Michael A. Portman; Hidemi Kajimoto; Deepthi G. Nair; Mikayla A. Beckley; Joan Pancheri; Katheryn Crane; Ashraf Harahsheh; Charles Berul; Laura Olivieri; Mitchell Haverty; Alix Fetch; Christina Schott; Sarah Litt; Jennifer Nelson; Michelle Hite; Isabel Glassmeyer; Todd Nowlen; Ashley Herzberg; Samantha Stack; Jade Porche; Susan Park; Amy Johnson; Divya Shakti; Aimee S. Parnell; Michael D. Weiland; Phenique Parker; Jeffrey A. Kertis; Charlotte V. Hobbs; Candace M. Howard; Shivraj Savadkar; Aren E. Worrell; Madelyn R. Barr; Heather Williams; David Gordy; Preeti Vemula; Zachary White; Jemylle Grace S. Morato; Sandra Tyler; Krissie Hock; Michelle Sykes; Carl Owada; Mayra Lemus Rangel; Isaura Macias; Gautham Singh; Sanjeev Aggarwal; Charmaine Williams-Farr; Nancy Sullivan; Aiman Almasnaah; Vishnu Undyala; Brian Hannah; Mary McCall; Jacob Strelow; Rachel Downey; Ken Shaffer; Chesney Castleberry; Lisa Pomeroy; Rachel Amsellem; Olga Shamailova; Marla Johnston; Juan Carlos Muniz; Moya Chang; Ryan Shea; Miriam Davis; Maryanne Chrisant; Danielle Katz; Norma Barton; Doris Alaby; Paulette Smith; Kevin Friedman; Francesca Sperotto; Ed Marcus; Raquel Ferreira; Patrick McGeoghegan; Michael Taylor; Joshua Germann; Andrew Powell; Andrew Mackie; Jogarao Gobburu; Sally Hunsberger; Patrick McQuillen; Michael Spaeder; Dianne Atkins; Craig Broberg; David J. Driscoll; Frank Evans; Sally A. Hunsberger; Liza-Marie Johnson; Thomas J. Knight; Paul Lipkin; J. Philip Saul

JAMA Netw Open

Kohli, Anita ; Osinusi, Anuoluwapo ; Sims, Zayani ; Nelson, Amy ; Meissner, Eric G ; Barrett, Lisa L ; Bon, Dimitra ; Marti, Miriam M ; Silk, Rachel ; Kotb, Colleen ; Gross, Chloe ; Jolley, Tim A ; Sidharthan, Sreetha ; Petersen, Tess ; Townsend, Kerry ; Egerson, D'Andrea ; Kapoor, Rama ; Spurlin, Emily ; Sneller, Michael ; Proschan, Michael ; Herrmann, Eva ; Kwan, Richard ; Teferi, Gebeyehu ; Talwani, Rohit ; Diaz, Gabbie ; Kleiner, David E ; Wood, Brad J ; Chavez, Jose ; Abbott, Stephen ; Symonds, William T ; Subramanian, G Mani ; Pang, Phillip S ; McHutchison, John ; Polis, Michael A ; Fauci, Anthony S ; Masur, Henry ; Kottilil, Shyam

In The Lancet 21-27 March 2015 385(9973):1107-1113

Fayehun O; Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; Ajayi AI; Sociology Department, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa.; Population Dynamics and Reproductive Health Unit, African Population and Health Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.; Onuegbu C; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK.; Egerson D; Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0177346 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-7599 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00219320 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Biosoc Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Gammie JS; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Chu MWA; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Falk V; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Overbey JR; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Moskowitz AJ; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Gillinov M; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Mack MJ; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Voisine P; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Krane M; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Yerokun B; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Bowdish ME; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Conradi L; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Bolling SF; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Miller MA; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Taddei-Peters WC; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Jeffries NO; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Parides MK; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Weisel R; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Jessup M; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Rose EA; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Mullen JC; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Raymond S; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Moquete EG; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; O'Sullivan K; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Marks ME; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Iribarne A; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Beyersdorf F; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Borger MA; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Geirsson A; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Bagiella E; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Hung J; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Gelijns AC; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; O'Gara PT; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.; Ailawadi G; From the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.S.G.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.M., W.C.T.-P.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N.O.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - both in Maryland; the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON (M.W.A.C.), and the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.W.), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC (P.V.), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton (J.C.M.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsche Herzzentrum Berlin, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin (V.F.), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, and DZHK, Munich (M.K.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg (L.C.), the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, and Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg (F.B.), and Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig (M.A.B.) - all in Germany; the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J.R.O., A.J.M., E.A.R., S.R., E.G.M., K.O., M.E.M., E.B., A.C.G.) and the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (M.K.P.) - both in New York; the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (M.G.); the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Plano (M.J.M.), and American Heart Association, Dallas (M.J.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (A.G., M.K.); the Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC (B.Y.); the Departments of Surgery and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.E.B.); the Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (S.F.B., G.A.); the Section of Cardiac Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (A.I.); and the Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.H.) and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (P.T.O.) - both in Boston.

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE