학술논문
Biogeografía e impacto humano en las comunidades de anfibios y reptiles del Cuaternario final en la Península ibérica: la Cueva del Mirador (Atapuerca, Burgos) y la población de Chalcides ocellatus (Scincidae) de la Serra del Molar (Alicante)
Document Type
Dissertation/Thesis
Source
TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Subject
Language
Spanish; Castilian
Abstract
Esta tesis doctoral presenta la primera aproximación a la paleobiogeografía de los anfibios y reptiles de la Península Ibérica durante el Cuaternario final, basada en una síntesis comparativa del registro conocido hasta ahora. Se han establecido dos regiones bióticas durante el Pleistoceno tardío: la primera localizada en el sur y centro ibéricos, con especies termófilas como las más representativas, y la segunda en el tercio norte ibérico, dominado por especies generalistas- eurosiberianas. Después del Último Máximo Glacial y a lo largo del Holoceno se produjo la concurrencia en el norte de especies generalistas-eurosiberianos y termófilas, por la expansión de las especies mediterráneas, y la posible introducción humana de especies magrebíes. Con este marco general, la importancia del clima y de la influencia humana en la composición de las asociaciones de herpetofauna se analizan en dos casos de estudio. El primero son las egagrópilas de la Cueva del Mirador (Atapuerca), veinte acumulaciones de microvertebrados del Calcolítico-Bronce inicial. El estudio taxonómico ha permitido identificar 350 individuos de 20 taxones diferentes, mayoritariamente herpetofauna. El análisis tafonómico ha postulado como agente acumulador un depredador categoría 2, posiblemente un búho. El análisis estadístico muestra la existencia de diferencias cuantitativas y cualitativas en su composición, interpretadas como variaciones estacionales entre el final del invierno y el verano. La singular composición faunística de las egagrópilas se interpreta como un efecto secundario del impacto humano. La composición herpetofaunística relaciona estas asociaciones con la expansión posglacial de las especies termófilas. El segundo caso de estudio es la población de Chalcides ocellatus de la Serra del Molar, su primer registro ibérico. El estudio molecular ha determinado su origen en el norte de Egipto y su posible translocación a través del comercio marítimo, antiguo o moderno, según los diversos vínculos históricos entre el sureste ibérico y el Mediterráneo oriental.
This doctoral thesis presents the first approach to the paleobiogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of the Iberian Peninsula during the final Quaternary, based on a comparative synthesis of the known record until now. Two biotic regions have been established during the late Pleistocene: the first one located in the south and central Iberia, with thermophilic species as the most representative, and the second one in the northern third, dominated by generalist-Eurosiberian species. After the Last Glacial Maximum and throughout the Holocene, the concurrence of generalist-Eurosiberian and thermophilic species occurred in the north, due to the expansion of Mediterranean species, and the possible human introduction of Maghreb species. Within this general context, the importance of climate and human influence on the composition of herpetofauna associations are analyzed in two case studies. The first is the pellets from Cueva del Mirador (Atapuerca), twenty microvertebrate accumulations from the Chalcolithic-Early Bronze period. The taxonomic study has identified 350 individuals from 20 different taxa, mostly herpetofauna. Taphonomic analysis has postulated a category 2 predator, possibly an owl, as the accumulating agent. The statistical analysis shows the existence of quantitative and qualitative differences in their composition, interpreted as seasonal variations between the end of winter and summer. The unique faunistic composition of the pellets is interpreted as a secondary effect of human impact. The herpetofaunistic composition relates these associations to the post-glacial expansion of thermophilic species. The second case study is the population of Chalcides ocellatus from the Serra del Molar, its first Iberian record. The molecular study has determined its origin in northern Egypt and its possible translocation through maritime trade, either ancient or modern, according to the various historical links between the Iberian southeast and the eastern Mediterranean.
This doctoral thesis presents the first approach to the paleobiogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of the Iberian Peninsula during the final Quaternary, based on a comparative synthesis of the known record until now. Two biotic regions have been established during the late Pleistocene: the first one located in the south and central Iberia, with thermophilic species as the most representative, and the second one in the northern third, dominated by generalist-Eurosiberian species. After the Last Glacial Maximum and throughout the Holocene, the concurrence of generalist-Eurosiberian and thermophilic species occurred in the north, due to the expansion of Mediterranean species, and the possible human introduction of Maghreb species. Within this general context, the importance of climate and human influence on the composition of herpetofauna associations are analyzed in two case studies. The first is the pellets from Cueva del Mirador (Atapuerca), twenty microvertebrate accumulations from the Chalcolithic-Early Bronze period. The taxonomic study has identified 350 individuals from 20 different taxa, mostly herpetofauna. Taphonomic analysis has postulated a category 2 predator, possibly an owl, as the accumulating agent. The statistical analysis shows the existence of quantitative and qualitative differences in their composition, interpreted as seasonal variations between the end of winter and summer. The unique faunistic composition of the pellets is interpreted as a secondary effect of human impact. The herpetofaunistic composition relates these associations to the post-glacial expansion of thermophilic species. The second case study is the population of Chalcides ocellatus from the Serra del Molar, its first Iberian record. The molecular study has determined its origin in northern Egypt and its possible translocation through maritime trade, either ancient or modern, according to the various historical links between the Iberian southeast and the eastern Mediterranean.