부산대학교 도서관

Angelman syndrome (AS) and Prader Willi syndrome (PWS) are neurodevelomental disorders in which main molecular etiology is the 15q11.2-q13 deletion. This deletion is leaded by Non Allelic Homologous Recombination (NAHR) mediated by flanking high repetitive sequences named Low Copy Repeats (LCRs). The orientation of these LCRs leads the final product of NAHR. LCRs in direct orientation are solved in deletions or duplications while LCRs in inverted orientation lead inversions. These inversions could facilitate abnormal recombination between flanking LCRs and could mediate interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q11.2-q13 in the offspring. Herein we report a new analysis of the frequency of inversion 15q11.2-q13 in 23 controls from general population, 21 AS parents and 32 PWS parents. Molecular cytogenetic analysis was performed using FISH with BACs probes by examining a total of 9540 informative chromosomes. First, the 15q11.2-q13 inversion was detected on average in 4.61% of chromosomes of Spanish control population. Then we analyzed the frequency of the 15q11.2-q13 inversion in parents of AS and PWS and a significant increase in AS mothers and PWS fathers with offspring affected by deletion was observed in front of control group (p= 8x10-7and p=0,007, respectively). Our results indicate that 15q11.2-q13 inversion is a polymorphism presents in general population. Moreover, the high inversion frequency observed in AS mothers and PWS fathers of offspring affected by deletion suggest that the inversion could be a structure that promotes misalignment between the LCRs and facilitates the occurrence of 15q11.2-q13 deletions. AS has a recognizable molecular cause in about 90% of cases, nevertheless in 10% with well-defined clinical features the molecular etiology is still unknown (AS-like). We have analysed 20 AS-like patients by a-CGH after screening the patients for syndromic and subtelomeric copy number alterations (CNVs). Regions that contained rare CNVs or not reported in the Database of Genomic Variants were selected for validation using custom Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assays. We assessed the CNV status in the 20 AS-like cases and in their parents, and also expanded the study to larger sets of samples of individuals suffering idiopathic intellectual disability (n=296), autism spectrum disorders (n=164) as well as to a control cohort of normal individuals (n=453). We have identified one de novo deletion (1q44), two maternally inherited duplications (Xp11.23 and Xq28) and 20 inherited altered regions present in AS-like cases that have not been present in control population. In three patients a concomitance of a deletion and SNPs is leading a possible recessive intellectual disability disease suggesting that MYH13 and long non-coding RNAs could be involved in AS-like. Concerning intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders big alterations: del(1)(p36), del(1)(q44), dup(10)(q21.1), dup(X)(q11.23q28) and dup(X)(q28) in three patients, have been associated with the etiology. We also have identified 29 inherited genomic variants that were not present in the general population, 12 out of them shared with AS-like patients. Our results support the point of view that a considerable proportion of genomic regions showing variability in copy number could be responsible for neurodevelopment disorders. The inherited CNVs identified in cases, but not detected in controls, suggesting that even if they are inherited, they could be responsible for some of the clinical features perhaps unmasking, in specific genes, recessive mutations involved in the phenotypes.