학술논문
Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals
Document Type
Author
Kong, Edward; Okbay, Aysu; Maghzian, Omeed; Lee, James J.; Wedow, Robbee; Nguyen-Viet, Tuan Anh; Zacher, Meghan; Kumari, Meena; Lencz, Todd; Luan, Jian'an; Malhotra, Anil K.; Metspalu, Andres; Milani, Lili; Ong, Ken K; Perry, John R B; Porteous, David J.; Ritchie, Marylyn D.; Smart, Melissa C.; Smith, Blair H.; Tung, Joyce Y.; Wareham, Nicholas J; Wilson, James F; Beauchamp, Jonathan P; Conley, Dalton; Esko, Tõnu; Lehrer, Steven F.; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Oskarsson, Sven; Pers, Tune H.; Robinson, Matthew R.; Thom, Kevin; Watson, Chelsea; Chabris, Christopher F.; Meyer, Michelle N; Laibson, David; Yang, Jian; Johannesson, Magnus; Koellinger, Philipp D.; Turley, Patrick; Visscher, Peter M.; Benjamin, Daniel J.; Cesarini, David; Yengo, Loïc; Bowers, Peter; Sidorenko, Julia; Karlsson- Linnér, Richard; Fontana, Mark Alan; Kundu, Tushar; Lee, Chanwook; Li, Hui; Li, Ruoxi; Royer, Rebecca; Timshel, Pascal N.; Walters, Raymond; Willoughby, Emily A.; Alver, Maris; Bao, Yanchun; Clark, David W.; Day, Felix R.; Furlotte, Nicholas A; Joshi, Peter K; Kemper, Kathryn E.; Kleinman, Aaron; Langenberg, Claudia; Mägi, Reedik; Trampush, Joey W.; Setia Verma, Shefali; Wu, Yang; Lam, Max; Zhao, Jing Hua; Zheng, Zhili; Boardman, Jason D.; Campbell, Harry; Freese, Jeremy; Harris, Kathleen Mullan; Hayward, Caroline; Herd, Pamela
Source
Nature Genetics. 50(8):1112-1121
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1546-1718
1061-4036
1061-4036
Abstract
Here we conducted a large-scale genetic association analysis of educational attainment in a sample of approximately 1.1 million individuals and identify 1,271 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs. For the SNPs taken together, we found evidence of heterogeneous effects across environments. The SNPs implicate genes involved in brain-development processes and neuron-to-neuron communication. In a separate analysis of the X chromosome, we identify 10 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs and estimate a SNP heritability of around 0.3% in both men and women, consistent with partial dosage compensation. A joint (multi-phenotype) analysis of educational attainment and three related cognitive phenotypes generates polygenic scores that explain 11–13% of the variance in educational attainment and 7–10% of the variance in cognitive performance. This prediction accuracy substantially increases the utility of polygenic scores as tools in research.