학술논문
Evaluation of cognitive subdomains, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the European Male Ageing Study
Document Type
Original Paper
Author
Overman, Margot J.; Pendleton, Neil; O’Neill, Terence W.; Bartfai, Gyorgy; Casanueva, Felipe F.; Finn, Joseph D.; Forti, Gianni; Rastrelli, Giulia; Giwercman, Aleksander; Han, Thang S.; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T.; Kula, Krzysztof; Lean, Michael E. J.; Punab, Margus; Lee, David M.; Correa, Elon S.; Ahern, Tomas; Verschueren, Sabine M. P.; Antonio, Leen; Gielen, Evelien; Rutter, Martin K.; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Wu, Frederick C. W.; Tournoy, Jos; The EMAS Study Group
Source
European Journal of Nutrition. September 2017 56(6):2093-2103
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1436-6207
1436-6215
1436-6215
Abstract
Purpose: Although lower levels of vitamin D have been related to poor cognitive functioning and dementia in older adults, evidence from longitudinal investigations is inconsistent. The objective of this study was to determine whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2 D] levels are associated with specified measures of cognitive decline in ageing men.Methods:The European Male Ageing Study (EMAS) followed 3369 men aged 40–79 over 4.4 years. 25(OH)D levels at baseline were measured by radioimmunoassay, and 1,25(OH)2 D levels were obtained with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Visuoconstructional abilities, visual memory, and processing speed at baseline and follow-up were assessed using the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF), Camden Topographical Recognition Memory (CTRM), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).Results:Following attritions, a total of 2430 men with a mean (SD) age of 59.0 (10.6) were included in the analyses. At baseline, the mean 25(OH)D concentration was 64.6 (31.5) nmol/l, and mean 1,25(OH)2 D level was 59.6 (16.6) pmol/l. In age-adjusted linear regression models, high 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a smaller decline in the DSST (β = 0.007, p = 0.020). Men with low 25(OH)D levels (<50 nmol/l) showed a greater decline in the CTRM compared to men with higher (≥75 nmol/l) levels (β = −0.41, p = 0.035). However, these associations disappeared after adjusting for confounders such as depressive symptoms, BMI, and comorbidities. There was no indication of a relationship between 1,25(OH)2 D and decline in cognitive subdomains.Conclusion:We found no evidence for an independent association between 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)2 D levels and visuoconstructional abilities, visual memory, or processing speed over on average 4.4 years in this sample of middle-aged and elderly European men.