학술논문
Health effects associated with smoking: a Burden of Proof study
Document Type
Original Paper
Author
Dai, Xiaochen; Gil, Gabriela F.; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Ahmad, Noah S.; Anderson, Jason A.; Bisignano, Catherine; Carr, Sinclair; Feldman, Rachel; Hay, Simon I.; He, Jiawei; Iannucci, Vincent; Lawlor, Hilary R.; Malloy, Matthew J.; Marczak, Laurie B.; McLaughlin, Susan A.; Morikawa, Larissa; Mullany, Erin C.; Nicholson, Sneha I.; O’Connell, Erin M.; Okereke, Chukwuma; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Whisnant, Joanna; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.; Zheng, Peng; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Gakidou, Emmanuela
Source
Nature Medicine. 28(10):2045-2055
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1078-8956
1546-170X
1546-170X
Abstract
As a leading behavioral risk factor for numerous health outcomes, smoking is a major ongoing public health challenge. Although evidence on the health effects of smoking has been widely reported, few attempts have evaluated the dose–response relationship between smoking and a diverse range of health outcomes systematically and comprehensively. In the present study, we re-estimated the dose–response relationships between current smoking and 36 health outcomes by conducting systematic reviews up to 31 May 2022, employing a meta-analytic method that incorporates between-study heterogeneity into estimates of uncertainty. Among the 36 selected outcomes, 8 had strong-to-very-strong evidence of an association with smoking, 21 had weak-to-moderate evidence of association and 7 had no evidence of association. By overcoming many of the limitations of traditional meta-analyses, our approach provides comprehensive, up-to-date and easy-to-use estimates of the evidence on the health effects of smoking. These estimates provide important information for tobacco control advocates, policy makers, researchers, physicians, smokers and the public.
A meta-analysis using the Burden of proof method reported consistent evidence supporting harmful associations between smoking and 28 different health outcomes.
A meta-analysis using the Burden of proof method reported consistent evidence supporting harmful associations between smoking and 28 different health outcomes.