학술논문
Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high‐risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Document Type
article
Author
Zwarte, Sonja MC; Brouwer, Rachel M; Agartz, Ingrid; Alda, Martin; Alonso‐Lana, Silvia; Bearden, Carrie E; Bertolino, Alessandro; Bonvino, Aurora; Bramon, Elvira; Buimer, Elizabeth EL; Cahn, Wiepke; Canales‐Rodríguez, Erick J; Cannon, Dara M; Cannon, Tyrone D; Caseras, Xavier; Castro‐Fornieles, Josefina; Chen, Qiang; Chung, Yoonho; De la Serna, Elena; Bonnin, Caterina Mar; Demro, Caroline; Di Giorgio, Annabella; Doucet, Gaelle E; Eker, Mehmet Cagdas; Erk, Susanne; Fatjó‐Vilas, Mar; Fears, Scott C; Foley, Sonya F; Frangou, Sophia; Fullerton, Janice M; Glahn, David C; Goghari, Vina M; Goikolea, Jose M; Goldman, Aaron L; Gonul, Ali Saffet; Gruber, Oliver; Hajek, Tomas; Hawkins, Emma L; Heinz, Andreas; Ongun, Ceren Hidiroglu; Hillegers, Manon HJ; Houenou, Josselin; Pol, Hilleke E Hulshoff; Hultman, Christina M; Ingvar, Martin; Johansson, Viktoria; Jönsson, Erik G; Kane, Fergus; Kempton, Matthew J; Koenis, Marinka MG; Kopecek, Miloslav; Krämer, Bernd; Lawrie, Stephen M; Lenroot, Rhoshel K; Marcelis, Machteld; Mattay, Venkata S; McDonald, Colm; Meyer‐Lindenberg, Andreas; Michielse, Stijn; Mitchell, Philip B; Moreno, Dolores; Murray, Robin M; Mwangi, Benson; Nabulsi, Leila; Newport, Jason; Olman, Cheryl A; Os, Jim; Overs, Bronwyn J; Ozerdem, Aysegul; Pergola, Giulio; Picchioni, Marco M; Piguet, Camille; Pomarol‐Clotet, Edith; Radua, Joaquim; Ramsay, Ian S; Richter, Anja; Roberts, Gloria; Salvador, Raymond; Aydogan, Aybala Saricicek; Sarró, Salvador; Schofield, Peter R; Simsek, Esma M; Simsek, Fatma; Soares, Jair C; Sponheim, Scott R; Sugranyes, Gisela; Toulopoulou, Timothea; Tronchin, Giulia; Vieta, Eduard; Walter, Henrik; Weinberger, Daniel R; Whalley, Heather C; Wu, Mon‐Ju; Yalin, Nefize; Andreassen, Ole A; Ching, Christopher RK; Thomopoulos, Sophia I; Erp, Theo GM; Jahanshad, Neda; Thompson, Paul M
Source
Human Brain Mapping. 43(1)
Subject
Language
Abstract
First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3 × 10-5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.