학술논문
신석기시대 식물자원 활용연구 성과와 과제
Review of Research on the Neolithic Plant use in Korea
Review of Research on the Neolithic Plant use in Korea
Document Type
Article
Author
Source
고고학지 / Kogohakchi. Dec 20, 2015 21:105
Subject
Language
ISSN
1229-6643
Abstract
본고는 신석기 유적에서 보고된 식물 유체 및 압흔 자료를 검토하여 식물자원의 이용상 및 그 변천, 특히 작물의 기원과 생계경제상 중요도를 고찰하고자 한다. 중국 황하유역에서 작물화된 조와 기장은 신석기 중기부터 도입되었다고 간주되었으나 최근 압흔분석에 의하면 조기에 동남해안지역에 수용되었음을 알 수 있다. 콩과 팥은 한국과 일본, 중국에서 다발적으로 작물화되었을 가능성이 유전학과 고고학에서 거론되고 있다. 콩과 팥의 탄화 유체는 중기부터 출토되나, 오산리 유적 조기 무문양토기에서 팥의 압흔이 확인되고 그 탄착물의 연대가 조기로 측정되어 가장 이른 자료가 되었다. 이와 더불어 전기 운서동 유적 횡주어골문토기에서 확인된 팥 압흔 역시 이른 자료이다. 살내 유적 전기토기에서 각각 보고된 콩의 압흔은 좀더 검토할 필요가 있다. 신석기시대 식물자원의 이용, 특히 도작 이전 잡곡 재배는 생계경제상 중요도가 낮고 문화상에 별 영향을 미치지 못한다는 견해가 일반적이다. 그러나 농경의 집중화나 식생활의 큰 변화를 시사하지는 않더라도 신석기인이 이르면 조기부터 작물을 이용 혹은 재배하면서 주변 환경을 개척할 수 있는 기초를 쌓기 시작했다는 점에서 문화진화상 중요한 전환점으로 간주되어야 한다. 즉 조와 기장 및 팥은 조기부터 수용되었으며 이러한 이른 수용을 거쳐 중기에 이르면 최소한 일부지역에서는 전작이 생계경제의 일환으로 자리잡았으리라 추정된다.
This paper examines the changes in plant use patterns and origins and role of plant resources in the Neolithic Korea, based on the findings of plant remains and grain impression. Foxtail and broomcorn millets, originated from the Huangehe Basin, are beloved to have been introduced to Korea during the Middle Neolithic period, but the recent study on grain impressions reveal their adoption as early as the Initial Neolithic period along the eastern part of southern coastal regions. Both genetic and archaeological studies suggest the multiple origins of azuki and soybean in China, Korea, and Japan. The earliest charred remains of both legumes are dated to the Middle Neolithic period. Azuki impression was found at the Initial Neolithic plain pottery at Osanri with the matching AMS date on encrustation on it, suggesting a possibility of early use of azuki. Moreover, azuki impression was also identified on the Chulmun pottery at the Unseodong site. Soybean impression at the Salnae Early Neolithic site needs to be reexamined. A role of plant resource in Neolithic diet and subsistence has been overlooked, regarding them as minor resource and no cultural significance. Despite of actual contribution to diet, the management of landscape for intensive harvesting and management of plant resources itself was a significant part of cultural niche construction, a turning point of the cultural revolution. That is, initial adoption and use of both millet taxa and azuki paved an evolutionary path to a more established dry farming by the Middle Neolithic period.
This paper examines the changes in plant use patterns and origins and role of plant resources in the Neolithic Korea, based on the findings of plant remains and grain impression. Foxtail and broomcorn millets, originated from the Huangehe Basin, are beloved to have been introduced to Korea during the Middle Neolithic period, but the recent study on grain impressions reveal their adoption as early as the Initial Neolithic period along the eastern part of southern coastal regions. Both genetic and archaeological studies suggest the multiple origins of azuki and soybean in China, Korea, and Japan. The earliest charred remains of both legumes are dated to the Middle Neolithic period. Azuki impression was found at the Initial Neolithic plain pottery at Osanri with the matching AMS date on encrustation on it, suggesting a possibility of early use of azuki. Moreover, azuki impression was also identified on the Chulmun pottery at the Unseodong site. Soybean impression at the Salnae Early Neolithic site needs to be reexamined. A role of plant resource in Neolithic diet and subsistence has been overlooked, regarding them as minor resource and no cultural significance. Despite of actual contribution to diet, the management of landscape for intensive harvesting and management of plant resources itself was a significant part of cultural niche construction, a turning point of the cultural revolution. That is, initial adoption and use of both millet taxa and azuki paved an evolutionary path to a more established dry farming by the Middle Neolithic period.