학술논문
A study on the control of clamping force and evaluation of fatigue life of double-lap bolted joint / 이중 겹침 볼트 체결 구조의 체결력 제어 및 피로 수명 평가에 관한 연구
Document Type
Dissertation/ Thesis
Author
Source
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
이중 겹침 볼트 체결 구조는 단순한 형상으로 인해 가공이 용이하며, 겹침 부위의 뒤틀림 및 굽힘 저항성이 뛰어나 기계 부품의 연결 부위에 보편적으로 선호된다. 이중 겹침 볼트 체결 구조는 이중 lap 사이에 하중을 전달하는 member가 고정되며, 체결 토크에 의한 압축하중으로 lap과 member 사이의 접촉면에 마찰이 형성된다. Member에 전달된 하중이 일정 이상이 되면 이중 lap과 member 사이에 슬립이 발생한다. 슬립 발생 이후에는 볼트가 lap의 볼트 홀과 맞닿아 볼트, 볼트 홀 또는 lap 자체의 파손으로 이어진다. 이때 슬립 발생 이전 영역을 Frictional mode, 슬립 발생 이후의 영역을 Bearing mode라 한다. 이중 겹침 볼트 체결 구조의 피로 수명을 평가하는 다양한 연구가 진행된 바 있으며, 참고 문헌에 의하면 부품이 파손되는 시점을 해당 구조의 피로수명으로 계산하고 있다. 하지만, 슬립 발생 이후의 Bearing mode에서는 lap과 member의 역할을 하는 부품 사이의 상대적 변위가 발생하며, 이는 정밀한 변위제어를 요구하는 구조물의 경우 치명적인 문제로 이어질 수 있다. 따라서, 이중 겹침 볼트 체결 구조가 체결 기능을 온전히 유지하는 Frictional mode에서의 피로 수명을 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는, 체결 전 lap과 member 사이에 이격이 존재하며, 볼트에 가해진 체결 토크에 의해 lap이 탄성적으로 구부러져 member와 접촉 및 고정되는 탄성 이중 겹침 볼트 체결 구조(elastically bended double-lap bolted joint)를 시험 대상으로 선정하였다. 피로시험을 수행하기에 앞서, 탄성 이중 겹침 볼트 체결 구조의 체결력 값을 획득하기 위해 체결 토크와 체결력 사이의 관계를 확보하였다. 토크-체결력 측정장치를 개발하여 볼트 체결 구조로부터 채취한 샘플을 대상으로 측정 시험을 수행하였으며, 토크-체결력 관계를 도출하였다. 추가적으로, 실제 탄성 굽힘 이중 겹침 볼트 체결 구조물을 대상으로 토크-체결력 관계를 측정하였으며, 시험장치로부터 획득한 결과와 비교하여 데이터의 신뢰성을 검증하였다.Member에 작용하는 하중과 초기 체결력에 따른 피로 시험을 수행하여 탄성 이중 겹침 볼트 체결 구조의 피로 특성을 평가하였다. 볼트 체결 시 member에 발생하는 압축 strain과 체결 토크의 관계를 확보하였으며, 피로 시험을 수행하는 동안 strain 값을 실시간으로 측정하여 반복하중에 따른 체결력 선도를 획득하였다. 체결력의 거동 변화에 따라 4가지 구간으로 나누어 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 볼트 체결 구조의 피로 수명 기준을 정립하고 수명 계산 방법을 제시하였다. 최종적으로 작용 하중과 초기 체결력에 따른 탄성 이중 겹침 볼트 체결 구조의 피로 수명 선도를 도출하였으며, 이를 이용하여 요구 수명을 만족할 수 있는 체결 토크 선정 방안을 제시하였다.
The double-lap bolted joint is easy to process due to its simple shape, and it is universally preferred for the connection area of mechanical parts due to ease of manufacturing and excellent resistance to twisting and bending of the overlapped area. In the double-lap bolted joint, the member that transmits the load is fixed between the double laps, and friction is formed on the contact surface between the laps and the member due to the compression load by the tightening torque. After the slip occurs, the bolt contacts with the bolt hole of the lap, leading to damage to the bolt or the lap itself. The region before slip occurrence is called frictional mode, and the region after slip occurrence is called bearing mode. Various studies have been conducted to evaluate the fatigue life of the double-lap bolted joint, and according to the reference literature, the point at which parts are broken is calculated as the fatigue life of the structure. However, in the bearing mode after slip occurrence, a relative displacement between the lap and the member occurs, and this can lead to fatal problems for structures that require precise displacement control. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the fatigue life in the frictional mode in which double-lap bolted joint maintains the fastening function intact. In this study, an elastically bended double-lap bolted joint in which the laps are elastically bent by the tightening torque to contact and fix the member was selected as the test specimen. Prior to performing the fatigue test, the relationship between the tightening torque and the clamping force was obtained to measure the clamping force value of the double-lap bolted joint structure. A torque-clamping force measurement device was developed, and tests were performed on a sample collected from a bolted joint to obtain torque-clamping force relationship. Additionally, the torque-clamping force relationship was measured for actual parts, and the reliability of the device was verified by comparing the data with the results obtained from the test device.Fatigue characteristics of the elastically bended double-lap bolted joint were evaluated by performing fatigue tests according to the load acting on the member and the initial clamping force. The relationship between the compressive strain and the tightening torque generated in the member during bolting fastening was first obtained, and the strain value was measured in real time during the fatigue test to obtain a clamping force behavior according to the cyclic load. The analysis was divided into 4 sections according to the change in the behavior of the clamping force. Based on the analysis, the fatigue life standard was established and the lifetime calculation method was presented. Finally, the fatigue life graph of the elastically bended double-lap bolted joint according to the applied load and the initial clamping force was derived, and a tightening torque selection method that can satisfy the required fatigue life was presented.
The double-lap bolted joint is easy to process due to its simple shape, and it is universally preferred for the connection area of mechanical parts due to ease of manufacturing and excellent resistance to twisting and bending of the overlapped area. In the double-lap bolted joint, the member that transmits the load is fixed between the double laps, and friction is formed on the contact surface between the laps and the member due to the compression load by the tightening torque. After the slip occurs, the bolt contacts with the bolt hole of the lap, leading to damage to the bolt or the lap itself. The region before slip occurrence is called frictional mode, and the region after slip occurrence is called bearing mode. Various studies have been conducted to evaluate the fatigue life of the double-lap bolted joint, and according to the reference literature, the point at which parts are broken is calculated as the fatigue life of the structure. However, in the bearing mode after slip occurrence, a relative displacement between the lap and the member occurs, and this can lead to fatal problems for structures that require precise displacement control. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the fatigue life in the frictional mode in which double-lap bolted joint maintains the fastening function intact. In this study, an elastically bended double-lap bolted joint in which the laps are elastically bent by the tightening torque to contact and fix the member was selected as the test specimen. Prior to performing the fatigue test, the relationship between the tightening torque and the clamping force was obtained to measure the clamping force value of the double-lap bolted joint structure. A torque-clamping force measurement device was developed, and tests were performed on a sample collected from a bolted joint to obtain torque-clamping force relationship. Additionally, the torque-clamping force relationship was measured for actual parts, and the reliability of the device was verified by comparing the data with the results obtained from the test device.Fatigue characteristics of the elastically bended double-lap bolted joint were evaluated by performing fatigue tests according to the load acting on the member and the initial clamping force. The relationship between the compressive strain and the tightening torque generated in the member during bolting fastening was first obtained, and the strain value was measured in real time during the fatigue test to obtain a clamping force behavior according to the cyclic load. The analysis was divided into 4 sections according to the change in the behavior of the clamping force. Based on the analysis, the fatigue life standard was established and the lifetime calculation method was presented. Finally, the fatigue life graph of the elastically bended double-lap bolted joint according to the applied load and the initial clamping force was derived, and a tightening torque selection method that can satisfy the required fatigue life was presented.