부산대학교 도서관

The purpose of this thesis is to understand the viewpoints of moral thoughts in Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism and then to analyze socialistic morality as a traditional background of moral education in China, to make clear its educational meanings of traditional viewpoints of morality and socialistic viewpoints of morality. With it, this thesis had been contributed to make aware of the Chinese people whose moralities are in the critical moments. To understand the traditional moral viewpoints, the scriptures of Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism were served. The lectures and main thoughts of the Four Chinese Leaders building the modernized morality of socialism were referred to analyses the moral viewpoints of socialism.Some of the most important religious morality are taboos, command -ments, and disciplines. Religious taboo that never accepts to contact with certain objects restricts the relationship among believers. Religious taboos from the primitive up to modern times has changed a lot. Some have to do with animals, others with plants or foods, even with names or titles. Devout belief is always testified with obeying the formal rules of religious morality. Religious morality covers everything extensively from even daily livings to the activities of social organizations. Religious moralities coding the relationship between humans are five commandments of Buddhism and Taoism, and some norms among ten virtues such as ' Respect parents and be filial to them', 'Never kill anyone', 'Never commit adultery', 'Never steal', 'Never give false testimony', 'Never want other's wives or properties'. These religious moralities are basically from the secular moralities and they have become the results of their religions. With these commandments and disciplines believers have trained their characters through the self regulations.Confucianism education is the stem of Chinese traditional education. Moral education is the core of Confucianism education. The teachings of Confucius have still influenced today's moral education in 2000s. The basic points in Confucianism are benevolence, righteousness and morality is the best in everyday livings. 'Learning benevolence' is the core of Confucianism. The most important factor in Confucianism is 'loving a person‘. 'A merciful person' has 'benevolence', an element of human relationships. Benevolence should be insisted to involve the love from family such as parents or brothers and sisters to neighbors, from oneself to others, extended to the whole people in the world, finally everyone throughout the world has become brothers and sisters. Confucius put emphasis on 'courtesy' as well as benevolence. 'Courtesy' is naturally founded on 'benevolence' and at the same time it performs the order of benevolence. So to speak, benevolence is the internal morality, and 'Courtesy' is the external norms of the society. 'Benevolence' comes out through 'courtesy' after all and courtesy is essential in practicing benevolence in one's life.Nowadays Chinese youngsters can get supported a lot in setting up their values in their lives through learning the thoughts about social moralities. Mao put a great importance on both moral education and ideological political work. He thought that intensifying the ideology education and moral education to the chief officers and communists at the same time contributed to the communism effectively. Deng Xiaoping sharply pointed out that the biggest problem in Chinese ideological political works was the educational part, that was, the poorness and lack of educational development. Jiang Zemin's three representatives, 'if people are glad', 'if people are satisfied', ' if people agreed' were the holistic descriptions of Chinese communism and they should be the very starting and standing points of ours. Hu Jintao's eight honors and eight disgraces reflected deeply on the economical, political, cultural demands of Chinese socialism.Chinese Communist has had enough experiences in building morality in their society since sixties. The process of building morality in their society is that of combining education and practice together. Building morality in their society including advancement and whole unity guides the citizens to strenghen moral norms, and pursues a higher morality. These experiences would give us important chances to make Chinese develop and reinforce building moralities in our society.