학술논문
Magnitude and Durability of the Antibody Response to mRNA-Based Vaccination Among SARS-CoV-2 Seronegative and Seropositive Health Care Personnel
MAJOR ARTICLE
MAJOR ARTICLE
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Ciccone, Emily J.; Zhu, Deanna R.; Gunderson, Annika K.; Hawke, Sam; Ajeen, Rawan; Lodge, Evans K.; Shook-Sa, Bonnie E.; Abernathy, Haley; Garrett, Haley E.; King, Elise; Alavian, Naseem; Reyes, Raquel; Taylor, Jasmine L.; Beatty, Cherese; Chung, Christy; Mendoza, Carmen E.; Weber, David J.; Markmann, Alena J.; Premkumar, Lakshmanane; Juliano, Jonathan J.; Boyce, Ross M.; Aiello, Allison E.
Source
Open Forum Infectious Diseases. January 2024, Vol. 11 Issue 1
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
2328-8957
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of humoral immunity in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is imperative to determine individual- and population-level protection against infection and severe disease. Previous studies have demonstrated [...]
Few studies have described changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in response to infection and vaccination at frequent intervals and over extended follow-up periods. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses among a prospective cohort of health care personnel over 18 months with up to 22 samples per person. Antibody levels and live virus neutralization were measured before and after mRNA-based vaccination with results stratified by (1) SARS- CoV-2 infection status prior to initial vaccination and (2) SARS-CoV-2 infection at any point during follow-up. We found that the antibody response to the first dose was almost 2-fold higher in individuals who were seropositive prior to vaccination, although neutralization titers were more variable. The antibody response induced by vaccination appeared to wane over time but generally persisted for 8 to 9 months, and those who were infected at any point during the study had slightly higher antibody levels over time vs those who remained uninfected. These findings underscore the need to account for SARS-CoV-2 natural infection as a modifier of vaccine responses, and they highlight the importance of frequent testing of longitudinal antibody titers over time. Together, our results provide a clearer understanding of the trajectories of antibody response among vaccinated individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Keywords. antibody response; health care personnel; hybrid immunity; SARS-CoV-2 infection; vaccination.
Few studies have described changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in response to infection and vaccination at frequent intervals and over extended follow-up periods. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses among a prospective cohort of health care personnel over 18 months with up to 22 samples per person. Antibody levels and live virus neutralization were measured before and after mRNA-based vaccination with results stratified by (1) SARS- CoV-2 infection status prior to initial vaccination and (2) SARS-CoV-2 infection at any point during follow-up. We found that the antibody response to the first dose was almost 2-fold higher in individuals who were seropositive prior to vaccination, although neutralization titers were more variable. The antibody response induced by vaccination appeared to wane over time but generally persisted for 8 to 9 months, and those who were infected at any point during the study had slightly higher antibody levels over time vs those who remained uninfected. These findings underscore the need to account for SARS-CoV-2 natural infection as a modifier of vaccine responses, and they highlight the importance of frequent testing of longitudinal antibody titers over time. Together, our results provide a clearer understanding of the trajectories of antibody response among vaccinated individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Keywords. antibody response; health care personnel; hybrid immunity; SARS-CoV-2 infection; vaccination.