부산대학교 도서관

Objective: To examine the factors that account for differences in dentist earnings between White and minoritized dentists. Data Sources: We used data from the American Dental Association's Survey of dental practice, which includes information on 2001-2018 dentist net income, practice ZIP code, patient mix between private and public insurance, and dentist gender, age, and year of dental school graduation. We merged the data on dentist race and ethnicity and school of graduation from the American Dental Association masterfile. Based on practice ZIP code, we also merged the data on local area racial and ethnic composition from the American Community Survey. Study Design: We used a linear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to assess observable characteristics that explain the gap in earnings between White and minoritized dentists. To assess differences in earnings between White and minoritized dentists at different points of the income distribution, we used a re-centered influence function and estimated an unconditional quantile Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. Data Extraction Methods: We extracted data for 22,086 dentists ages 25-85 who worked at least 8 weeks per year and 20 hours per week. Principal Findings: Observable characteristics accounted for 58% of the earnings gap between White and Asian dentists, 55% of the gap between White and Hispanic dentists, and 31% of the gap between White and Black dentists. The gap in earnings between White and Asian dentists narrowed at higher quantiles of the income distribution. Conclusions: Compared to other minoritized dentists, Black dentists have the largest earnings disparities relative to White dentists. While the level of the explained component of the disparity for Black dentists is comparable to the explained part of the disparities for other minoritized dentists, the excess percentage of the unexplained component for Black dentists accounts for the additional amount of disparity that Black dentists experienced. Persistent income disparities could discourage minoritized dentists from entering the profession. KEYWORDS dentist earnings, Oaxaca decomposition, racial disparities What is known on this topic * There are observable wage gaps between racial and ethnic groups in many health care professions, but these gaps are not fully explained by education or other demographic characteristics. * Wage gaps between male and female dentists exist after controlling for certain practice characteristics. Similar analysis has not been done for dentist race and ethnicity. What this study adds * Previous research has examined the gap in earnings between White and minoritized medical providers, but little research has examined the gap in earnings between White and minoritized dentists. * Despite controlling for numerous dentist and local area characteristics, we find that most of the gap in earnings between White and Black dentists remains unexplained. * Unlike the gap in earnings between male and female dentists, which has narrowed in recent years, the gap in earnings between White and minoritized dentists has remained constant.
1 | INTRODUCTION The gap in dental care utilization between White and racial and ethnic minoritized populations in the United States has narrowed in recent years, particularly for children. (1) [...]