부산대학교 도서관

Summary Recurrent disease outbreaks caused by a range of emerging and resurging pathogens over the past decade reveal major gaps in public health preparedness, detection, and response systems in Africa. Underlying causes of recurrent disease outbreaks include inadequacies in the detection of new infectious disease outbreaks in the community, in rapid pathogen identification, and in proactive surveillance systems. In sub-Saharan Africa, where 70% of zoonotic outbreaks occur, there remains the perennial risk of outbreaks of new or re-emerging pathogens for which no vaccines or treatments are available. As the Ebola virus disease, COVID-19, and mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreaks highlight, a major paradigm shift is required to establish an effective infrastructure and common frameworks for preparedness and to prompt national and regional public health responses to mitigate the effects of future pandemics in Africa. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (b) Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (c) Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (d) School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (e) Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa (f) Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (g) Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (h) University Teaching Hospital, Butare, Rwanda (i) University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda (j) Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (k) School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (l) Platform Life Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada (m) Department of Real World and Advanced Analytics, Vancouver, Cytel, Vancouver, BC, Canada (n) Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (o) Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA (p) Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (q) Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA (r) Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA (s) Center for Human Genetics, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda (t) Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (u) National Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (v) University of Kinshasa School of Medicine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (w) Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo (x) Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (y) Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK (z) NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK * Correspondence to: Prof Jean B Nachega, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (footnote)[Dagger] Contributed equally Byline: Prof Jean B Nachega, MD PhD [jbn16@pitt.edu] (a,b,c,f,g,[Dagger]), Sabin Nsanzimana, PhD (h,i,[Dagger]), Angeli Rawat, PhD (j,k), Lindsay A Wilson, MSc (l,m), Prof Philip J Rosenthal, MD (n), Mark J Siedner, MD (o,p), Prof Jay K Varma, MD (q), Peter H Kilmarx, MD (r), Leon Mutesa, PhD (s), Prof Marcel Tanner, PhD (t), Prof Agnes Binagwaho, PhD (i), Jamie Forrest, PhD (l,m), Prof Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, PhD (u,v), Prof Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, PhD (u,v), Prof Francine Ntoumi, PhD (w,x), Prof Alimuddin Zumla, PhD (y,z), Prof Tulio de Oliveira, PhD (d,e), Prof Edward J Mills, PhD (j,l)