학술논문
Risk Factors for Serious Psychological Distress among Pregnant Women and Mothers with Children less than One Year of Age: An Evaluation of National Health Interview Survey Data (1997-2016)
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Source
Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal. March, 2023, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p57, 6 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0738-0658
Abstract
Overwhelming feelings of sadness, guilt, irritation, resentment, hopelessness, emptiness, and discontent can overcome the joy and infant-bonding that mothers generally experience after birth (1). Depressive symptoms such as these vary [...]
Objective: This study examined individual factors associated with serious psychological distress (SPD) in mothers. Methods: The study used National Health Interview Survey data (1997-2016), with analysis being restricted to pregnant women and non-pregnant mothers whose youngest child was 12 months old or younger. The Andersen framework, a reliable tool to study health services, was used to examine the effect of individual predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Results: Of 5,210 women, 13.3% had SPD, as determined by the Kessler-6 scale. Compared to those without SPD, those with SPD were more likely to be 18 to 24 years old (39.0% vs. 31.7%; all P values < .001), never have been married (45.5% vs. 33.3%), not have completed high school (34.4% vs. 21.1%), have a family income below 100% of the federal poverty level (52.5% vs. 32.0%), and have public insurance (51.9% vs. 36.3%). Furthermore, women with SPD had a lower proportion of "excellent" health status (17.5% vs. 32.7%). Multivariable regression found that having any formal education was associated with a lower likelihood of perinatal SPD than was not completing high school. For example, the bachelor's degree odds ratio was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.76). A receiver operator curve analysis revealed that individual predisposing factors (e.g. age, marital status, and education), accounted for more explained variation than did enabling or need factors. Conclusion: There are high levels of poor maternal mental health. Prevention and clinical services should focus on mothers with less than a high school education and those reporting poor physical health. [P R Health Sci J 2023;42(1):57-62] Key words: Perinatal, Pregnancy, Psychological distress, Mothers, Poverty
Objective: This study examined individual factors associated with serious psychological distress (SPD) in mothers. Methods: The study used National Health Interview Survey data (1997-2016), with analysis being restricted to pregnant women and non-pregnant mothers whose youngest child was 12 months old or younger. The Andersen framework, a reliable tool to study health services, was used to examine the effect of individual predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Results: Of 5,210 women, 13.3% had SPD, as determined by the Kessler-6 scale. Compared to those without SPD, those with SPD were more likely to be 18 to 24 years old (39.0% vs. 31.7%; all P values < .001), never have been married (45.5% vs. 33.3%), not have completed high school (34.4% vs. 21.1%), have a family income below 100% of the federal poverty level (52.5% vs. 32.0%), and have public insurance (51.9% vs. 36.3%). Furthermore, women with SPD had a lower proportion of "excellent" health status (17.5% vs. 32.7%). Multivariable regression found that having any formal education was associated with a lower likelihood of perinatal SPD than was not completing high school. For example, the bachelor's degree odds ratio was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.76). A receiver operator curve analysis revealed that individual predisposing factors (e.g. age, marital status, and education), accounted for more explained variation than did enabling or need factors. Conclusion: There are high levels of poor maternal mental health. Prevention and clinical services should focus on mothers with less than a high school education and those reporting poor physical health. [P R Health Sci J 2023;42(1):57-62] Key words: Perinatal, Pregnancy, Psychological distress, Mothers, Poverty