부산대학교 도서관

PURPOSE We sought to evaluate the association between 5 eye diseases (including glaucoma, cataract, congenital optic nerve disease, congenital retinal disease, and blindness/low vision) and mental illness in a pediatric population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A de-identified commercial insurance claims database, OptumLabs Data Warehouse, between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018, was used. Children and teens less than 19 years of age at the time of eye diagnosis were included. Demographics and mental illness claims were compared, looking at the association of mental illness and eye disease claims. RESULTS A total of 11,832,850 children and teens were included in this study with mean age of 8.04 [plus or minus] 5.94 years at the first claim. Of the patients with at least 1 of the 5 eye diseases (n = 180,297), 30.5% had glaucoma (n = 54,954), 9.5% had cataract (n = 17,214), 21.4% had congenital optic nerve disease (n = 38,555), 26.9% had congenital retinal disease (n = 48,562), and 25.9% had blindness or low vision (n = 46,778). There was a statistically significant association, after adjusting for confounding variables, between at least 1 of the 5 eye diseases and schizophrenia disorder (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.48-1.61, P < .001), anxiety disorder (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.43-1.48, P < .001), depressive disorder (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.25-1.29, P < .001), and bipolar disorder (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.21-1.31, P < .001), but a reversed association with substance use disorder (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.86-0.90, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS We found associations between eye disease in children and teens and mental illness. Understanding these relationships may improve mental illness screening and treatment in the pediatric population. Author Affiliation: (1) From the Perelman School of Medicine (E.A.M), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (2) Department of Ophthalmology (Y.H.L., F.Y., A.L.C., S.L.P.), Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA (3) Department of Ophthalmology (M.X.R.), Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (4) Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (M.F.B.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA (5) Department of Ophthalmology (F.G.V.), Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; USA (6) Department of Ophthalmology (F.G.V.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA (7) Department of Medicine Statistics Core (C.P.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA (8) Department of Biostatistics (F.Y.), University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA (9) Department of Epidemiology (A.L.C.), University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA * Inquiries to Stacy Pineles, UCLA Department of Ophthalmology, Los Angeles, California, USA Article History: Received 22 October 2021; Revised 6 March 2022; Accepted 6 March 2022 (footnote) Supplemental Material available at AJO.com. (footnote)# Stacy L. Pineles is an OptumLabs Visiting Fellow. Byline: Elana A. Meer (1), Yoon H. Lee (2), Michael X. Repka (3), Marcy F. Borlik (4), Federico G. Velez (5,6), Claudia Perez (7), Fei Yu (2,8), Anne L. Coleman (2,9), Stacy L. Pineles [pineles@jsei.ucla.edu] (2,#,*)