부산대학교 도서관

Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer in men worldwide. Patient outcomes are remarkably heterogeneous and the best existing clinical prognostic tools such as International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group, pretreatment serum PSA concentration and T-category, do not accurately predict disease outcome for individual patients. Thus, patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer are often overtreated or undertreated, reducing quality of life and increasing disease-specific mortality. Biomarkers that can improve the risk stratification of these patients are, therefore, urgently needed. The ideal biomarker in this setting will be non-invasive and affordable, enabling longitudinal evaluation of disease status. Prostatic secretions, urine and blood can be sources of biomarker discovery, validation and clinical implementation, and mass spectrometry can be used to detect and quantify proteins in these fluids. Protein biomarkers currently in use for diagnosis, prognosis and relapse-monitoring of localized prostate cancer in fluids remain centred around PSA and its variants, and opportunities exist for clinically validating novel and complimentary candidate protein biomarkers and deploying them into the clinic. Biomarkers that can improve risk stratification of patients with prostate cancer are urgently needed. In this Review, Khoo et al. outline mass spectrometry technologies that enable the systematic discovery and targeted validation of protein-based biomarkers in prostate-associated fluids. Key points Standard-of-care clinical tools for the management of localized prostate cancer result in substantial overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Fluid-based protein biomarkers have the potential to complement clinical decision-making. Advances in mass spectrometry, such as increased scan speeds and mass resolution, have enabled the systematic discovery and validation of protein biomarkers in prostate-associated fluids. Appropriate sample selection for biomarker discovery and validation can improve detection of prostate-derived proteins in fluids.
Author(s): Amanda Khoo [sup.1] [sup.2] , Lydia Y. Liu [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.5] , Julius O. Nyalwidhe [sup.6] [sup.7] , O. John Semmes [sup.6] [sup.7] , Danny Vesprini [sup.8] [...]