학술논문
The effects of ventilation and building characteristics on indoor air quality in waterpipe cafes
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Source
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. September 2020, Vol. 30 Issue 5, p805, 9 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1559-0631
Abstract
Author(s): Roohollah Rostami [sup.1], Kazem Naddafi [sup.2], Hossein Arfaeinia [sup.3] [sup.4], Shahrokh Nazmara [sup.2], Mehdi Fazlzadeh [sup.2] [sup.5], Behzad Saranjam [sup.6] [sup.7] Author Affiliations: (1) Research center for health sciences [...]
To determine the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PMs), indoor air samples were collected from 60 waterpipe cafés in Ardabil city of Iran. Moreover, the influence of several structural, operational, and ventilation system were evaluated on the concentration of the selected pollutants. The results showed that the mean concentration of CO (12.0 [plus or minus] 7.2 mg/m.sup.3) and PMs (PM.sub.1 = 171.5 [plus or minus] 119.6 [mu]g/m.sup.3, PM.sub.2.5 = 303.3 [plus or minus] 201.9 [mu]g/m.sup.3, PM.sub.10 = 440.3 [plus or minus] 272.2 [mu]g/m.sup.3) were notably higher than the guideline levels. According to the results, open face/café area was influenced by the natural ventilation rate and the mean air exchange rate was 3.1 [plus or minus] 1.1 min.sup.-1. The natural ventilation has a functional role on air quality of the cafes, and fan-type mechanical ventilation was influencing factor on CO concentration when the natural ventilation was restricted. 'Type of used charcoal' had the highest influence on the releasing of pollutants inside the cafés as the pollutant concentrations were lower for simple (raw) charcoal compared with the favored (aromatic) one. The results indicated that the building characteristics and natural ventilation considerably affect air quality of the cafes.
To determine the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PMs), indoor air samples were collected from 60 waterpipe cafés in Ardabil city of Iran. Moreover, the influence of several structural, operational, and ventilation system were evaluated on the concentration of the selected pollutants. The results showed that the mean concentration of CO (12.0 [plus or minus] 7.2 mg/m.sup.3) and PMs (PM.sub.1 = 171.5 [plus or minus] 119.6 [mu]g/m.sup.3, PM.sub.2.5 = 303.3 [plus or minus] 201.9 [mu]g/m.sup.3, PM.sub.10 = 440.3 [plus or minus] 272.2 [mu]g/m.sup.3) were notably higher than the guideline levels. According to the results, open face/café area was influenced by the natural ventilation rate and the mean air exchange rate was 3.1 [plus or minus] 1.1 min.sup.-1. The natural ventilation has a functional role on air quality of the cafes, and fan-type mechanical ventilation was influencing factor on CO concentration when the natural ventilation was restricted. 'Type of used charcoal' had the highest influence on the releasing of pollutants inside the cafés as the pollutant concentrations were lower for simple (raw) charcoal compared with the favored (aromatic) one. The results indicated that the building characteristics and natural ventilation considerably affect air quality of the cafes.