부산대학교 도서관

Background: Dietary intake of phytonutrients present in fruits and vegetables, such as carotenoids, is associated with a lower risk of obesity and related traits, but the impact of genetic variation on these associations is poorly understood, especially in children. Objective: We estimated common genetic influences on serum carotenoid concentrations and obesity-related traits in Mexican American (MA) children. Design: Obesity-related data were obtained from 670 nondiabetic MA children, aged 6-17 y. Serum [alpha]- and [beta]-carotenoid concentrations were measured in ~570 ([alpha]-carotene in 565 and [beta]-carotene in 572) of these children with the use of an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-photodiode array. We determined heritabilities for both carotenoids and examined their genetic relation with 10 obesity-related traits [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC). high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fat mass (FM), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin and glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance] by using family data and a variance components approach. For these analyses, carotenoid values were inverse normalized, and all traits were adjusted for significant covariate effects of age and sex. Results: Carotenoid concentrations were highly heritable and significant [[alpha]-carotene: heritability ([h.sup.2]) = 0.81, P = 6.7 X [10.sup.-11]; [beta]-carotene: [h.sup.2] = 0.90, P = 3.5 X [10.sup.-15]]. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, we found significant (P [less than or equal to] 0.05) negative phenotypic correlations between carotenoid concentrations and the following traits: BMI, WC. FM, and triglycerides (range: [alpha]-carotene = -0.19 to -0.12; [beta]-carotene = -0.24 to -0.13) and positive correlations with HDL cholesterol ([alpha]-carotene = 0.17; [beta]-carotene = 0.24). However, when the phenotypic correlations were partitioned into genetic and environmental correlations, we found marginally significant (P = 0.051) genetic correlations only between [beta]-carotene and BMI (-0.27), WC (-0.30), and HDL cholesterol (0.31) after accounting for multiple comparisons. None of the environmental correlations were significant. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that the serum carotenoid concentrations were under strong additive genetic influences based on variance components analyses, and that the common genetic factors may influence [beta]-carotene and obesity and lipid traits in MA children. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:52-8. Keywords: [alpha]-carotene, [beta]-carotene. cardiometabolic traits, childhood obesity, common genetic influences, heritability doi: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.144006