부산대학교 도서관

OBJECTIVE: Understanding the mechanisms by which neighbourhood environments influence childhood obesity is needed to facilitate the development of prevention strategies. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify the distinct types of neighbourhoods in which Canadian children reside and examine the extent to which physical activity and sedentary behaviour mediate the relationship between neighbourhood type and childhood obesity. METHODS: Baseline data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (1994/1995) were used for this study. Latent class analysis was used to group children (age 0-11; N = 22,831) into neighbourhood types based on perceived and census-derived measures of neighbourhood attributes. A path analysis was used to determine the extent to which levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour mediated the relationship between the resulting neighbourhood types and obesity. RESULTS: Five neighbourhood types were identified. Children living in the high safety-low deprivation neighbourhood type, which had the most supportive attributes with regard to physical activity, were significanlty less likely to be obese than children living in the other neighbourhood types. Relative to the high safety-low deprivation neighbourhood, the relationship between neighbourhood type and obesity was partially mediated by physical activity and sedentary behaviour (7%-12% of total effect) among the other urban neighbourhoods, and no mediating effect was found in the rural neighbourhood. CONCLUSIONS: Intervention strategies attempting to address the increased risk of obesity associated with neighbourhood environments should be tailored according to urban and rural setting and should consider taking a comprehensive approach aimed at improving a range of obesity-related behaviours. KEY WORDS: Childhood obesity; physical activity; sedentary behaviour; neighbourhood; mediation OBJECTIF: II est necessaire de comprendre les mecanismes par lesquels I'environnement du quartier influence l'obesite juvenile pour faciliter I'elaboration de strategies de prevention. L'objectif de cette etude transversale etait de cerner les differents types de quartiers ou habitent les enfants canadiens et d'examiner la mesure dans laquelle l'activite physique et le comportement sedentaire medient la relation entre le type de quartier et l'obesite juvenile. METHODE: Nous avons utilise des donnees de reference de l'Enquete longitudinale nationale sur les enfants et les jeunes (1994-1995) pour cette etude. Au moyen d'une analyse de structure latente, nous avons regroupe les enfants (ages de 0 a 11 ans; N = 22 831) en types de quartiers d'apres des indicateurs (subjectifs et derives du Recensement) des attributs des quartiers. Une analyse des pistes causales a permis de determiner la mesure dans laquelle les niveaux de l'activite physique et du comportement sedentaire medient la relation entre le type de quartier obtenu et l'obesite. RESULTATS: Nous avons recense cinq types de quartiers. Les enfants vivant dans le type de quartier a securite elevee et a faible defavorisation, lequel avait le plus d'attributs soutenant l'activite physique, etaient significativement moins susceptibles d'etre obeses que les enfants vivant dans les autres types de quartiers. Comparativement au quartier a securite elevee et a faible defavorisation, la relation entre le type de quartier et l'obesite etait partiellement mediee par l'activite physique et le comportement sedentaire (7 % a 12 % de l'effet total) dans les autres quartiers urbains, et aucun effet de mediation n'a ete constate dans le quartier rural. CONCLUSIONS: Les strategies d'intervention qui tentent d'aborder le risque accru d'obesite associe aux environnements de quartiers devraient etre adaptees au milieu urbain ou rural et devraient envisager une approche globale pour ameliorer une gamme de comportements lies a l'obesite. MOTS CLES: obesite juvenile; activite physique; comportement sedentaire; quartier; mediation La traduction du resume se trouve a la fin de l'article. Can J Public Health 2016;107(2):e168-e175 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.107.5268
Childhood obesity has become a serious public health issue in North America, its prevalence having risen rapidly over the past three decades. (1,2) In recent years, a growing number of [...]