학술논문
Kardiovaskulární rizikový profil u 40letých mužů a 50letých žen v České republice: výsledky průřezové studie
Cardiovascular risk profile in 40-year old men and 50-year old women in the Czech Republic: results of a cross-sectional survey
Cardiovascular risk profile in 40-year old men and 50-year old women in the Czech Republic: results of a cross-sectional survey
Document Type
TEXT
Author
Source
Vnitřní lékařství : orgán Československé společnosti pro vnitřní lékařství, sekce Československé lékařské společnosti J. E. Purkyně | 2014 Volume:60 | Number:11
Subject
Language
Czech
English
English
Abstract
Úvod: Kardiovaskulární (KV) onemocnění patří celosvětově k hlavním příčinám úmrtí. Časné odhalení rizikových faktorů a zvýšeného celkového KV rizika může být významným pomocníkem při snižování morbidity i mortality. Za optimální věk pro hodnocení KV rizika v populaci se doporučuje věk 40 let u mužů a 50 let u žen. V rámci prezentovaného průřezového šetření byl zhodnocen KV rizikový profil osob v těchto věkových kategoriích při vyšetření všeobecným praktickým lékařem. Metodika: Do průzkumu bylo zařazeno 1 812 osob, z toho mužů v průměrném věku 40 a žen v průměrném věku 50 let. U každého vyšetřeného byla zjištěna a do protokolu studie zaznamenána rodinná, osobní a farmakologická anamnéza, abúzus, fyzická aktivita. Byly změřeny základní antropometrické údaje, tepová frekvence, krevní tlak, zjištěny hodnoty sérového lipidogramu a glykemie. Vyšetřující lékaři zaznamenávali přítomnost nově zjištěných rizik KV onemocnění a stanovili celkové KV riziko dle tabulek SCORE. Bylo hodnoceno procento nemocných s již existujícím sledovaným onemocněním, procento zastoupení těch, kteří měli dobře kontrolované rizikové faktory, a dále procento pacientů, kterým byl nově zjištěn některý ze sledovaných rizikových faktorů. Hypotéza vztahu mezi pozitivní rodinnou anamnézou a výskytem onemocnění byla testována za použití Pearsonova testu. Výsledky: Bylo zařazeno 961 mužů průměrného věku 42,9 ? 4,7 let a 851 žen průměrného věku 51,2 ? 3,6 let. V pásmu nadváhy se nacházelo 49 % mužů a 31 % žen, obézních bylo 32 % mužů a 31 % žen. Aktivně kouřilo 36 % mužů a 22 % žen. Prevalence diabetu 2. typu byla shodně 11 % u obou pohlaví. Arteriální hypertenze byla zjištěna u 43 % mužů a 45 % žen a dyslipidemie u 39 % mužů a 41 % žen. Farmakologicky léčeno pro kteroukoli z uvedených chorob bylo 48 % osob, z nich pouze 8 % dosahovalo dobré kontroly všech identifikovaných rizik. Nově byl zjištěn diabetes u 3 % mužů i žen, arteriální hypertenze u 7 % mužů a 5 % žen a dyslipidemie u 20 % mužů i žen. 62 % mužů a 65 % žen doporučili participující lékaři nefarmakologickou léčbu. U 53 % mužů a 51 % žen byla zahájena nová farmakoterapie. U mužů i u žen šlo nejčastěji o antihypertenzní medikaci ze skupiny ACE-inhibitorů (29 % u mužů a 24 % u žen) a hypolipidemikum ze skupiny statinů (29 % u mužů a 27 % u žen). Z analýzy vztahu mezi pozitivní rodinnou anamnézou a výskytem onemocnění u dané osoby bylo zjištěno, že tato souvislost existuje pro arteriální hypertenzi, diabetes mellitus 2. typu i dyslipidemii. Závěr: Provedené šetření dokumentuje vysokou prevalenci rizikových faktorů kardiovaskulárních onemocnění v populaci 40letých mužů a 50letých žen. Vysoké zastoupení nově zjištěných rizikových faktorů i nadpoloviční podíl osob, u nichž byla v rámci provedeného šetření zahájena farmakoterapie, jasně dokazují nezbytnost časného screeningu rizikových faktorů. Genetická determinace jednotlivých kardiovaskulárních rizikových faktorů odrážející se v rodinné anamnéze je významnou komponentou celkového rizika oběhových onemocnění, a musí být aktivně zjišťována a zohledňována při úvaze o volbě intenzity preventivních strategií.
Background: Cardiovascular (CV) disease belongs to the most important mortality causes worldwide. Early identification of risk factors and increased CV risk may help decrease of morbidity and mortality. An optimal age for CV risk factors screening ages of 40 in males and of 50 in females have been identified. CV risk profile of persons in these age categories has been examined by general practitioners and recorded for the purposes of this cross-sectional survey. Methods: 1812 persons, males at average age of 40 years and females at average age of 50 years, were included into the survey. In each of the examined family and personal history including pharmacological were recorded into the study protocol as well as abusus and physical activity patterns. Basic anthropometrical parameters, e.g. heart rate, blood pressure, body mass index and laboratory measures including blood lipids and glycaemia. The participating physicians recorded newly identified risk factors CV disease and determined the global CVD risk according to the SCORE charts. Percentage of those already treated for any of the main CVD risk factors and, among these, also attaining the treatment goals. The percentage of patients with a newly identified CV risk factor was calculated. We also tested the hypothesis of a relationship between positive family history of any of the followed risk factors and its risk in the examined probands using Pearson´s test. Results: 961 males, average age of 42.9 ? 4.7 years, and 851 females,average age of 51.2 ? 3.6 years, were enrolled into the study. 49% of males and 31% of females were overweight and 32% men and 31% of women were obese. There were 36% of smokers among men and 22% among women. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 11% in males and also in females. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 43% of males and 45% of females while dyslipidemia was present in 39% of males and 41% of females. Pharmacological treatment of any of the above mentioned diseases was used in 48% of the probands, however, only 7% of them attained treatment goals of blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol and glycaemia. Type 2 diabetes was newly identified in 3% of both males and females, arterial hypertension in 8% of males and 5% of females and dyslipidemia was newly detected in 20% of probands of both genders. Non-pharmacological treatment was recommended to 62% of male and to 65% of female participants, respectively. Pharmacological treatment was initiated in 53% of males and 51% of females. In both genders this was mostly antihypertensive treatment with ACE inhibitors (29% of males and 24% of females) and lipid lowering therapy with a statin (29% of males, 27% females). The analysis of relationship between the positive family history of any of the followed diseases and their presence in the probands examined revealed significant increases of the risk for arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The survey following CV risk profile in a cohort of 40 years old men and 50 years old women showed high prevalence of CV risk factors in these age categories in the Czech probands. The high frequency of modifiable risk factors and the need to initiate pharmacological treatment in more than one half of the examined population documents the need of early detection of risk. Genetic determination of individual major risk factors for CVD mirrored in the positive family history represents an important component of the global cardiovascular risk and must be actively detected and taken into account for the risk stratification.
Michal Vrablík, Zdeněk Chmelík, Věra Lánská
Background: Cardiovascular (CV) disease belongs to the most important mortality causes worldwide. Early identification of risk factors and increased CV risk may help decrease of morbidity and mortality. An optimal age for CV risk factors screening ages of 40 in males and of 50 in females have been identified. CV risk profile of persons in these age categories has been examined by general practitioners and recorded for the purposes of this cross-sectional survey. Methods: 1812 persons, males at average age of 40 years and females at average age of 50 years, were included into the survey. In each of the examined family and personal history including pharmacological were recorded into the study protocol as well as abusus and physical activity patterns. Basic anthropometrical parameters, e.g. heart rate, blood pressure, body mass index and laboratory measures including blood lipids and glycaemia. The participating physicians recorded newly identified risk factors CV disease and determined the global CVD risk according to the SCORE charts. Percentage of those already treated for any of the main CVD risk factors and, among these, also attaining the treatment goals. The percentage of patients with a newly identified CV risk factor was calculated. We also tested the hypothesis of a relationship between positive family history of any of the followed risk factors and its risk in the examined probands using Pearson´s test. Results: 961 males, average age of 42.9 ? 4.7 years, and 851 females,average age of 51.2 ? 3.6 years, were enrolled into the study. 49% of males and 31% of females were overweight and 32% men and 31% of women were obese. There were 36% of smokers among men and 22% among women. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 11% in males and also in females. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 43% of males and 45% of females while dyslipidemia was present in 39% of males and 41% of females. Pharmacological treatment of any of the above mentioned diseases was used in 48% of the probands, however, only 7% of them attained treatment goals of blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol and glycaemia. Type 2 diabetes was newly identified in 3% of both males and females, arterial hypertension in 8% of males and 5% of females and dyslipidemia was newly detected in 20% of probands of both genders. Non-pharmacological treatment was recommended to 62% of male and to 65% of female participants, respectively. Pharmacological treatment was initiated in 53% of males and 51% of females. In both genders this was mostly antihypertensive treatment with ACE inhibitors (29% of males and 24% of females) and lipid lowering therapy with a statin (29% of males, 27% females). The analysis of relationship between the positive family history of any of the followed diseases and their presence in the probands examined revealed significant increases of the risk for arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The survey following CV risk profile in a cohort of 40 years old men and 50 years old women showed high prevalence of CV risk factors in these age categories in the Czech probands. The high frequency of modifiable risk factors and the need to initiate pharmacological treatment in more than one half of the examined population documents the need of early detection of risk. Genetic determination of individual major risk factors for CVD mirrored in the positive family history represents an important component of the global cardiovascular risk and must be actively detected and taken into account for the risk stratification.
Michal Vrablík, Zdeněk Chmelík, Věra Lánská