부산대학교 도서관

In the world of mobile communication, Modular Backhauling serves as the vital link between the radio controllers along with base stations, often applied through physical means like optical lines or microwave radio links. The rising mobile traffic, due to an increase in users and the introduction of advanced fourth-generation and fifth-generation cellular technologies, needs solutions to improve spectral efficiency. For 4G networks, adaptable backhaul meets issues relating to capacity, availability, rollout cost, and increased lengths. The emergence of 5 G brings additional difficulties such as the desire for ultralow delay (1 ms or less), and their ultra-dense structure of network capabilities. Designing efficient backup strategies for 5G includes handling issues like lag delay, The Caliber of Service (QoS), particle efficiency, noise reduction, modulation methods, and packet network time synchronization. Presently, affordable options, involving Ethernet/Internet technologies along with high speeds optical fibre lines, rule backup networks utilizing packet-switched solutions like Wi-Fi and WiMAX.