학술논문

An Energy-Efficient Cluster Formation Based on Optimal Node Distribution in Full Capacity Multi-Hop LoRa Networks
Document Type
Periodical
Source
IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc. Communications Society, IEEE Open Journal of the. 5:779-794 2024
Subject
Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies
Routing
Internet of Things
Spread spectrum communication
Relays
Energy efficiency
Wireless sensor networks
Low-power wide area networks
LPWAN
WSN
routing
energy-efficient
node-distribution
Language
ISSN
2644-125X
Abstract
Our most recent findings on multi-hop LoRa networks imply that earlier developed multi-hop routing methods, such as our previously suggested Extended-DRESG scheme, had overlooked some essential information. Although the researchers employed uniform node distributions for their multi-hop models, a full capacity LoRa network may be treated as a Gaussian distribution. Extended-DRESG performs better with a Gaussian distribution than with a uniform distribution of nodes. In contrast to optimal ring-hop combinations created earlier, this observation led to the suggested algorithm for optimal ring positioning and ring-hop combinations in Extended-DRESG. The Extended-DRESG cluster developing technique, which may produce much superior performance in terms of energy efficiency when uniform node distribution is encountered, is further suggested in light of the observations made in this research. Future multi-hop models can benefit from the current observations in two ways: (i) a better understanding of the packet forwarding structure, and (ii) a good cluster formation technique when clusters are established based on their distances from the gateway.