학술논문
论杨简、陆九渊对《大学》的批判与肯定 / On Yang Jian's and Lu Jiuyuan's Criticism and Affirmation of"The Great Learning"
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Source
浙江工商大学学报 / Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University. (6):16-23
Subject
Language
Chinese
ISSN
1009-1505
Abstract
南宋杨简认为《大学》非圣人所作,在思想义理上有支离、割裂之瑕疵,有害于道体之浑全.对于"三纲领",他认为"明德"即是"至善","止于"二字加在"至善"前是累赘,而"止、定、静、安、虑、得"之前后次第是臆想、穿凿.《大学》论"止"在杨简看来有些刻意,不如《尚书》所说"安汝止""钦厥止"说得自然.对于《大学》"八条目",杨简特别批评其中的"正心"说,认为人心本正,无须去正;而"恐惧""忧患""好乐"是人的正常情感,可以是道心的体现,也无须去除.与杨简全面否定态度不同,陆九渊对《大学》基本上是肯定的,两人《大学》观的不同也折射了其思想差异.杨简对《大学》的批判,流露出某种直超顿入的禅学精神;其观点有过激、牵强之处,但也并非一无可取,一些看法也有思想启发意义.
Yang Jian of the Southern Song Dynasty believed that The Great Learning was not written by Confucius,and it had flaws in its ideological and moral principles,which were fragmented and harmful to the integrity of the substance of Tao.For the"Three Programmes",he proposed that"illustrious virtue"is"the highest excellence",and"to rest in"before"the highest excellence"is redundant.And the order of"resting,being determined,unperturbed,tranquil,deliberate,attaining"is a figment of the imagination.In Yang Jian's view,the discussion of"to rest in"is a bit deliberate,not as natural as"finding your repose in your(proper)resting-point"and"reverently determining your aim"in The Classic of History.With regard to the"Eight Articles"of The Great Learning,Yang Jian particularly criticized"correcting the mind",arguing that the human mind is inherently virtuous and does not need to be corrected;and"fear""worry""sorrow"and"fond regard"are normal hu-man emotions,which can be the manifestation of the substance of Tao,and do not need to be removed.Unlike Yang Jian's total negative attitude,Lu Jiuyuan was basically positive about The Great Learning,and the difference in their views of the book also reflects their ideological differences.Yang Jian's criticism of The Great Learning reveals the straight forward spirit of Zen.His viewpoints are radical and far-fetched,but they are not without merit,and some of them are also thought-provoking.
Yang Jian of the Southern Song Dynasty believed that The Great Learning was not written by Confucius,and it had flaws in its ideological and moral principles,which were fragmented and harmful to the integrity of the substance of Tao.For the"Three Programmes",he proposed that"illustrious virtue"is"the highest excellence",and"to rest in"before"the highest excellence"is redundant.And the order of"resting,being determined,unperturbed,tranquil,deliberate,attaining"is a figment of the imagination.In Yang Jian's view,the discussion of"to rest in"is a bit deliberate,not as natural as"finding your repose in your(proper)resting-point"and"reverently determining your aim"in The Classic of History.With regard to the"Eight Articles"of The Great Learning,Yang Jian particularly criticized"correcting the mind",arguing that the human mind is inherently virtuous and does not need to be corrected;and"fear""worry""sorrow"and"fond regard"are normal hu-man emotions,which can be the manifestation of the substance of Tao,and do not need to be removed.Unlike Yang Jian's total negative attitude,Lu Jiuyuan was basically positive about The Great Learning,and the difference in their views of the book also reflects their ideological differences.Yang Jian's criticism of The Great Learning reveals the straight forward spirit of Zen.His viewpoints are radical and far-fetched,but they are not without merit,and some of them are also thought-provoking.