학술논문
A dynamical measure of the black hole mass in a quasar 11 billion years ago
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Abuter, R.; Allouche, F.; Amorim, A.; Bailet, C.; Berdeu, A.; Berger, J. -P.; Berio, P.; Bigioli, A.; Boebion, O.; Bolzer, M. -L.; Bonnet, H.; Bourdarot, G.; Bourget, P.; Brandner, W.; Cao, Y.; Conzelmann, R.; Comin, M.; Clénet, Y.; Courtney-Barrer, B.; Davies, R.; Defrère, D.; Delboulbé, A.; Delplancke-Ströbele, F.; Dembet, R.; Dexter, J.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Drescher, A.; Eckart, A.; Édouard, C.; Eisenhauer, F.; Fabricius, M.; Feuchtgruber, H.; Finger, G.; Schreiber, N. M. Förster; Garcia, P.; Lopez, R. Garcia; Gao, F.; Gendron, E.; Genzel, R.; Gil, J. P.; Gillessen, S.; Gomes, T.; Gonté, F.; Gouvret, C.; Guajardo, P.; Guieu, S.; Hackenberg, W.; Haddad, N.; Hartl, M.; Haubois, X.; Haußmann, F.; Heißel, G.; Henning, Th.; Hippler, S.; Hönig, S. F.; Horrobin, M.; Hubin, N.; Jacqmart, E.; Jocou, L.; Kaufer, A.; Kervella, P.; Kolb, J.; Korhonen, H.; Lacour, S.; Lagarde, S.; Lai, O.; Lapeyrère, V.; Laugier, R.; Bouquin, J. -B. Le; Leftley, J.; Léna, P.; Lewis, S.; Liu, D.; Lopez, B.; Lutz, D.; Magnard, Y.; Mang, F.; Marcotto, A.; Maurel, D.; Mérand, A.; Millour, F.; More, N.; Netzer, H.; Nowacki, H.; Nowak, M.; Oberti, S.; Ott, T.; Pallanca, L.; Paumard, T.; Perraut, K.; Perrin, G.; Petrov, R.; Pfuhl, O.; Pourré, N.; Rabien, S.; Rau, C.; Riquelme, M.; Robbe-Dubois, S.; Rochat, S.; Salman, M.; Sanchez-Bermudez, J.; Santos, D. J. D.; Scheithauer, S.; Schöller, M.; Schubert, J.; Schuhler, N.; Shangguan, J.; Shchekaturov, P.; Shimizu, T. T.; Sevin, A.; Soulez, F.; Spang, A.; Stadler, E.; Sternberg, A.; Straubmeier, C.; Sturm, E.; Sykes, C.; Tacconi, L. J.; Tristram, K. R. W.; Vincent, F.; von Fellenberg, S.; Uysal, S.; Widmann, F.; Wieprecht, E.; Wiezorrek, E.; Woillez, J.; Zins, G.
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Subject
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Abstract
Tight relationships exist in the local universe between the central stellar properties of galaxies and the mass of their supermassive black hole. These suggest galaxies and black holes co-evolve, with the main regulation mechanism being energetic feedback from accretion onto the black hole during its quasar phase. A crucial question is how the relationship between black holes and galaxies evolves with time; a key epoch to probe this relationship is at the peaks of star formation and black hole growth 8-12 billion years ago (redshifts 1-3). Here we report a dynamical measurement of the mass of the black hole in a luminous quasar at a redshift of 2, with a look back time of 11 billion years, by spatially resolving the broad line region. We detect a 40 micro-arcsecond (0.31 pc) spatial offset between the red and blue photocenters of the H$\alpha$ line that traces the velocity gradient of a rotating broad line region. The flux and differential phase spectra are well reproduced by a thick, moderately inclined disk of gas clouds within the sphere of influence of a central black hole with a mass of 3.2x10$^{8}$ solar masses. Molecular gas data reveal a dynamical mass for the host galaxy of 6x10$^{11}$ solar masses, which indicates an under-massive black hole accreting at a super-Eddington rate. This suggests a host galaxy that grew faster than the supermassive black hole, indicating a delay between galaxy and black hole formation for some systems.
Comment: 5 pages Main text, 8 figures, 2 tables, to be published in Nature, under embargo until 29 January 2024 16:00 (London)
Comment: 5 pages Main text, 8 figures, 2 tables, to be published in Nature, under embargo until 29 January 2024 16:00 (London)