학술논문
A Compact Dication Source for Ba$^{2+}$ Tagging and Heavy Metal Ion Sensor Development
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
Navarro, K. E.; Jones, B. J. P.; Baeza-Rubio, J.; Boyd, M.; Denisenko, A. A.; Foss, F. W.; Giri, S.; Miller, R.; Nygren, D. R.; Tiscareno, M. R.; Samaniego, F. J.; Stogsdill, K.; Adams, C.; Almazán, H.; Álvarez, V.; Aparicio, B.; Aranburu, A. I.; Arazi, L.; Arnquist, I. J.; Ayet, S.; Azevedo, C. D. R.; Bailey, K.; Ballester, F.; Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M.; Borges, F. I. G. M.; Bounasser, S.; Byrnes, N.; Cárcel, S.; Carrión, J. V.; Cebrián, S.; Church, E.; Conde, C. A. N.; Contreras, T.; Cossío, F. P.; Dey, E.; Díaz, G.; Dickel, T.; Escada, J.; Esteve, R.; Fahs, A.; Felkai, R.; Fernandes, L. M. P.; Ferrario, P.; Ferreira, A. L.; Freitas, E. D. C.; Freixa, Z.; Generowicz, J.; Goldschmidt, A.; Gómez-Cadenas, J. J.; González, R.; Grocott, J.; Guenette, R.; Haefner, J.; Hafidi, K.; Hauptman, J.; Henriques, C. A. O.; Morata, J. A. Hernando; Herrero-Gómez, P.; Herrero, V.; Carrete, C. Hervés; Ho, J.; Ho, P.; Ifergan, Y.; Labarga, L.; Larizgoitia, L.; Lebrun, P.; Gutierrez, D. Lopez; López-March, N.; Madigan, R.; Mano, R. D. P.; Marques, A. P.; Martín-Albo, J.; Martínez-Lema, G.; Martínez-Vara, M.; Meziani, Z. E.; Mistry, K.; Monrabal, F.; Monteiro, C. M. B.; Mora, F. J.; Vidal, J. Muñoz; Novella, P.; Nuñez, A.; Oblak, E.; Odriozola-Gimeno, M.; Palmeiro, B.; Para, A.; Pelegrín, J.; Maneiro, M. Pérez; Querol, M.; Redwine, A. B.; Renner, J.; Rivilla, I.; Rodríguez, J.; Rogero, C.; Rogers, L.; Romeo, B.; Romo-Luque, C.; Santos, F. P.; Santos, J. M. F. dos; Simón, A.; Sorel, M.; Stanford, C.; Teixeira, J. M. R.; Toledo, J. F.; Torrent, J.; Usón, A.; Veloso, J. F. C. A.; Vuong, T. T.; Waiton, J.; White, J. T.
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Abstract
We present a tunable metal ion beam that delivers controllable ion currents in the picoamp range for testing of dry-phase ion sensors. Ion beams are formed by sequential atomic evaporation and single or multiple electron impact ionization, followed by acceleration into a sensing region. Controllability of the ionic charge state is achieved through tuning of electrode potentials that influence the retention time in the ionization region. Barium, lead, and cobalt samples have been used to test the system, with ion currents identified and quantified using a quadrupole mass analyzer. Realization of a clean $\mathrm{Ba^{2+}}$ ion beam within a bench-top system represents an important technical advance toward the development and characterization of barium tagging systems for neutrinoless double beta decay searches in xenon gas. This system also provides a testbed for investigation of novel ion sensing methodologies for environmental assay applications, with dication beams of Pb$^{2+}$ and Cd$^{2+}$ also demonstrated for this purpose.