학술논문

Measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
The Pierre Auger CollaborationAab, A.Abreu, P.Aglietta, M.Albury, J. M.Allekotte, I.Almela, A.Alvarez-Muñiz, J.Batista, R. AlvesAnastasi, G. A.Anchordoqui, L.Andrada, B.Andringa, S.Aramo, C.Ferreira, P. R. AraújoAsorey, H.Assis, P.Avila, G.Badescu, A. M.Bakalova, A.Balaceanu, A.Barbato, F.Luz, R. J. BarreiraBecker, K. H.Bellido, J. A.Berat, C.Bertaina, M. E.Bertou, X.Biermann, P. L.Bister, T.Biteau, J.Blazek, J.Bleve, C.Boháčová, M.Boncioli, D.Bonifazi, C.Arbeletche, L. BonneauBorodai, N.Botti, A. M.Brack, J.Bretz, T.Briechle, F. L.Buchholz, P.Bueno, A.Buitink, S.Buscemi, M.Caballero-Mora, K. S.Caccianiga, L.Cancio, A.Canfora, F.Caracas, I.Carceller, J. M.Caruso, R.Castellina, A.Catalani, F.Cataldi, G.Cazon, L.Cerda, M.Chinellato, J. A.Choi, K.Chudoba, J.Chytka, L.Clay, R. W.Cerutti, A. C. CobosColalillo, R.Coleman, A.Coluccia, M. R.Conceição, R.Condorelli, A.Consolati, G.Contreras, F.Convenga, F.Covault, C. E.Dasso, S.Daumiller, K.Dawson, B. R.Day, J. A.de Almeida, R. M.de Jesús, J.de Jong, S. J.De Mauro, G.Neto, J. R. T. de MelloDe Mitri, I.de Oliveira, J.Franco, D. de Oliveirade Souza, V.De Vito, E.Debatin, J.del Río, M.Deligny, O.Dembinski, H.Dhital, N.Di Matteo, A.Dobrigkeit, C.D'Olivo, J. C.Anjos, R. C. dosDova, M. T.Ebr, J.Engel, R.Epicoco, I.Erdmann, M.Escobar, C. O.Etchegoyen, A.Falcke, H.Farmer, J.Farrar, G.Fauth, A. C.Fazzini, N.Feldbusch, F.Fenu, F.Fick, B.Figueira, J. M.Filipčič, A.Fodran, T.Freire, M. M.Fujii, T.Fuster, A.Galea, C.Galelli, C.García, B.Vegas, A. L. GarciaGemmeke, H.Gesualdi, F.Gherghel-Lascu, A.Ghia, P. L.Giaccari, U.Giammarchi, M.Giller, M.Glombitza, J.Gobbi, F.Gollan, F.Golup, G.Berisso, M. GómezVitale, P. F. GómezGongora, J. P.González, N.Goos, I.Góra, D.Gorgi, A.Gottowik, M.Grubb, T. D.Guarino, F.Guedes, G. P.Guido, E.Hahn, S.Halliday, R.Hampel, M. R.Hansen, P.Harari, D.Harvey, V. M.Haungs, A.Hebbeker, T.Heck, D.Hill, G. C.Hojvat, C.Hörandel, J. R.Horvath, P.Hrabovský, M.Huege, T.Hulsman, J.Insolia, A.Isar, P. G.Johnsen, J. A.Jurysek, J.Kääpä, A.Kampert, K. H.Keilhauer, B.Kemp, J.Klages, H. O.Kleifges, M.Kleinfeller, J.Köpke, M.Mezek, G. KukecLago, B. L.LaHurd, D.Lang, R. G.Langner, N.de Oliveira, M. A. LeiguiLenok, V.Letessier-Selvon, A.Lhenry-Yvon, I.Presti, D. LoLopes, L.López, R.Lorek, R.Luce, Q.Lucero, A.Lundquist, J. P.Payeras, A. MachadoMancarella, G.Mandat, D.Manning, B. C.Manshanden, J.Mantsch, P.Marafico, S.Mariazzi, A. G.Mariş, I. C.Marsella, G.Martello, D.Martinez, H.Bravo, O. MartínezMastrodicasa, M.Mathes, H. J.Matthews, J.Matthiae, G.Mayotte, E.Mazur, P. O.Medina-Tanco, G.Melo, D.Menshikov, A.Merenda, K. -D.Michal, S.Micheletti, M. I.Miramonti, L.Mollerach, S.Montanet, F.Morello, C.Mostafá, M.Müller, A. L.Muller, M. A.Mulrey, K.Mussa, R.Muzio, M.Namasaka, W. M.Nellen, L.Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.Niechciol, M.Nitz, D.Nosek, D.Novotny, V.Nožka, L.Nucita, ANúñez, L. A.Palatka, M.Pallotta, J.Papenbreer, P.Parente, G.Parra, A.Pech, M.Pedreira, F.Pękala, J.Pelayo, R.Peña-Rodriguez, J.Armand, J. PerezPerlin, M.Perrone, L.Petrera, S.Pierog, T.Pimenta, M.Pirronello, V.Platino, M.Pont, B.Pothast, M.Privitera, P.Prouza, M.Puyleart, A.Querchfeld, S.Rautenberg, J.Ravignani, D.Reininghaus, M.Ridky, J.Riehn, F.Risse, M.Ristori, P.Rizi, V.de Carvalho, W. RodriguesRojo, J. RodriguezRoncoroni, M. J.Roth, M.Roulet, E.Rovero, A. C.Ruehl, P.Saffi, S. J.Saftoiu, A.Salamida, F.Salazar, H.Salina, G.Gomez, J. D. SanabriaSánchez, F.Santos, E. M.Santos, E.Sarazin, F.Sarmento, R.Sarmiento-Cano, C.Sato, R.Savina, P.Schäfer, C. M.Scherini, V.Schieler, H.Schimassek, M.Schimp, M.Schlüter, F.Schmidt, D.Scholten, O.Schovánek, P.Schröder, F. G.Schröder, S.Schulte, J.Sciutto, S. J.Scornavacche, M.Shellard, R. C.Sigl, G.Silli, G.Sima, O.Šmída, R.Sommers, P.Soriano, J. F.Souchard, J.Squartini, R.Stadelmaier, M.Stanca, D.Stanič, S.Stasielak, J.Stassi, P.Streich, A.Suárez-Durán, M.Sudholz, T.Suomijärvi, T.Supanitsky, A. D.Šupík, J.Szadkowski, Z.Taboada, A.Tapia, A.Timmermans, C.Tkachenko, O.Tobiska, P.Peixoto, C. J. ToderoTomé, B.Elipe, G. TorralbaTravaini, A.Travnicek, P.Trimarelli, C.Trini, M.Tueros, M.Ulrich, R.Unger, M.Vaclavek, L.Vacula, M.Galicia, J. F. ValdésValiño, I.Valore, L.Varela, E.C., V. Varma K.Vásquez-Ramírez, A.Veberič, D.Ventura, C.Quispe, I. D. VergaraVerzi, V.Vicha, J.Vink, J.Vorobiov, S.Wahlberg, H.Watson, A. A.Weber, M.Weindl, A.Wiencke, L.Wilczyński, H.Winchen, T.Wirtz, M.Wittkowski, D.Wundheiler, B.Yushkov, A.Zapparrata, O.Zas, E.Zavrtanik, D.Zavrtanik, M.Zehrer, L.Zepeda, A.
Source
Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 152002 (2021)
Subject
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Language
Abstract
We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop.
Comment: Published version, 11 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, Supplemental material appended