학술논문

Cosmic-ray anisotropies in right ascension measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
The Pierre Auger CollaborationAab, A.Abreu, P.Aglietta, M.Albuquerque, I. F. M.Albury, J. M.Allekotte, I.Almela, A.Castillo, J. AlvarezAlvarez-Muñiz, J.Anastasi, G. A.Anchordoqui, L.Andrada, B.Andringa, S.Aramo, C.Ferreira, P. R. AraújoAsorey, H.Assis, P.Avila, G.Badescu, A. M.Bakalova, A.Balaceanu, A.Barbato, F.Luz, R. J. BarreiraBecker, K. H.Bellido, J. A.Berat, C.Bertaina, M. E.Bertou, X.Biermann, P. L.Bister, T.Biteau, J.Blanco, A.Blazek, J.Bleve, C.Boháčová, M.Boncioli, D.Bonifazi, C.Arbeletche, L. BonneauBorodai, N.Botti, A. M.Brack, J.Bretz, T.Briechle, F. L.Buchholz, P.Bueno, A.Buitink, S.Buscemi, M.Caballero-Mora, K. S.Caccianiga, L.Calcagni, L.Cancio, A.Canfora, F.Caracas, I.Carceller, J. M.Caruso, R.Castellina, A.Catalani, F.Cataldi, G.Cazon, L.Cerda, M.Chinellato, J. A.Choi, K.Chudoba, J.Chytka, L.Clay, R. W.Cerutti, A. C. CobosColalillo, R.Coleman, A.Coluccia, M. R.Conceição, R.Condorelli, A.Consolati, G.Contreras, F.Convenga, F.Covault, C. E.Dasso, S.Daumiller, K.Dawson, B. R.Day, J. A.de Almeida, R. M.de Jesús, J.de Jong, S. J.De Mauro, G.Neto, J. R. T. de MelloDe Mitri, I.de Oliveira, J.Franco, D. de Oliveirade Souza, V.Debatin, J.del Río, M.Deligny, O.Dhital, N.Di Matteo, A.Castro, M. L. DíazDobrigkeit, C.D'Olivo, J. C.Dorosti, Q.Anjos, R. C. dosDova, M. T.Ebr, J.Engel, R.Epicoco, I.Erdmann, M.Escobar, C. O.Etchegoyen, A.Falcke, H.Farmer, J.Farrar, G.Fauth, A. C.Fazzini, N.Feldbusch, F.Fenu, F.Fick, B.Figueira, J. M.Filipčič, A.Freire, M. M.Fujii, T.Fuster, A.Galea, C.Galelli, C.García, B.Vegas, A. L. GarciaGemmeke, H.Gesualdi, F.Gherghel-Lascu, A.Ghia, P. L.Giaccari, U.Giammarchi, M.Giller, M.Glombitza, J.Gobbi, F.Golup, G.Berisso, M. GómezVitale, P. F. GómezGongora, J. P.González, N.Goos, I.Góra, D.Gorgi, A.Gottowik, M.Grubb, T. D.Guarino, F.Guedes, G. P.Guido, E.Hahn, S.Halliday, R.Hampel, M. R.Hansen, P.Harari, D.Harvey, V. M.Haungs, A.Hebbeker, T.Heck, D.Hill, G. C.Hojvat, C.Hörandel, J. R.Horvath, P.Hrabovský, M.Huege, T.Hulsman, J.Insolia, A.Isar, P. G.Johnsen, J. A.Jurysek, J.Kääpä, A.Kampert, K. H.Keilhauer, B.Kemp, J.Klages, H. O.Kleifges, M.Kleinfeller, J.Köpke, M.Mezek, G. KukecAwad, A. KuotbLago, B. L.LaHurd, D.Lang, R. G.de Oliveira, M. A. LeiguiLenok, V.Letessier-Selvon, A.Lhenry-Yvon, I.Presti, D. LoLopes, L.López, R.Casado, A. LópezLorek, R.Luce, Q.Lucero, A.Payeras, A. MachadoMalacari, M.Mancarella, G.Mandat, D.Manning, B. C.Manshanden, J.Mantsch, P.Mariazzi, A. G.Mariş, I. C.Marsella, G.Martello, D.Martinez, H.Bravo, O. MartínezMastrodicasa, M.Mathes, H. J.Matthews, J.Matthiae, G.Mayotte, E.Mazur, P. O.Medina-Tanco, G.Melo, D.Menshikov, A.Merenda, K. -D.Michal, S.Micheletti, M. I.Miramonti, L.Mockler, D.Mollerach, S.Montanet, F.Morello, C.Morlino, G.Mostafá, M.Müller, A. L.Muller, M. A.Müller, S.Mussa, R.Muzio, M.Namasaka, W. M.Nellen, L.Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.Niechciol, M.Nitz, D.Nosek, D.Novotny, V.Nožka, L.Nucita, ANúñez, L. A.Palatka, M.Pallotta, J.Panetta, M. P.Papenbreer, P.Parente, G.Parra, A.Pech, M.Pedreira, F.Pękala, J.Pelayo, R.Peña-Rodriguez, J.Pereira, L. A. S.Armand, J. PerezPerlin, M.Perrone, L.Peters, C.Petrera, S.Pierog, T.Pimenta, M.Pirronello, V.Platino, M.Pont, B.Pothast, M.Privitera, P.Prouza, M.Puyleart, A.Querchfeld, S.Rautenberg, J.Ravignani, D.Reininghaus, M.Ridky, J.Riehn, F.Risse, M.Ristori, P.Rizi, V.de Carvalho, W. RodriguesRojo, J. RodriguezRoncoroni, M. J.Roth, M.Roulet, E.Rovero, A. C.Ruehl, P.Saffi, S. J.Saftoiu, A.Salamida, F.Salazar, H.Salina, G.Gomez, J. D. SanabriaSánchez, F.Santos, E. M.Santos, E.Sarazin, F.Sarmento, R.Sarmiento-Cano, C.Sato, R.Savina, P.Schäfer, C.Scherini, V.Schieler, H.Schimassek, M.Schimp, M.Schlüter, F.Schmidt, D.Scholten, O.Schovánek, P.Schröder, F. G.Schröder, S.Sciutto, S. J.Scornavacche, M.Shellard, R. C.Sigl, G.Silli, G.Sima, O.Šmída, R.Sommers, P.Soriano, J. F.Souchard, J.Squartini, R.Stadelmaier, M.Stanca, D.Stanič, S.Stasielak, J.Stassi, P.Streich, A.Suárez-Durán, M.Sudholz, T.Suomijärvi, T.Supanitsky, A. D.Šupík, J.Szadkowski, Z.Taboada, A.Taborda, O. A.Tapia, A.Timmermans, C.Tobiska, P.Peixoto, C. J. ToderoTomé, B.Elipe, G. TorralbaTravaini, A.Travnicek, P.Trimarelli, C.Trini, M.Tueros, M.Ulrich, R.Unger, M.Urban, M.Vaclavek, L.Galicia, J. F. ValdésValiño, I.Valore, L.van Vliet, A.Varela, E.Cárdenas, B. VargasVásquez-Ramírez, A.Veberič, D.Ventura, C.Quispe, I. D. VergaraVerzi, V.Vicha, J.Villaseñor, L.Vink, J.Vorobiov, S.Wahlberg, H.Watson, A. A.Weber, M.Weindl, A.Wiencke, L.Wilczyński, H.Winchen, T.Wirtz, M.Wittkowski, D.Wundheiler, B.Yushkov, A.Zas, E.Zavrtanik, D.Zavrtanik, M.Zehrer, L.Zepeda, A.Ziolkowski, M.Zuccarello, F.
Source
Published in Astrophys. J 891 (2020)142
Subject
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Language
Abstract
We present measurements of the large-scale cosmic-ray anisotropies in right ascension, using data collected by the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory over more than 14 years. We determine the equatorial dipole component, $\vec{d}_\perp$, through a Fourier analysis in right ascension that includes weights for each event so as to account for the main detector-induced systematic effects. For the energies at which the trigger efficiency of the array is small, the ``East-West'' method is employed. Besides using the data from the array with detectors separated by 1500 m, we also include data from the smaller but denser sub-array of detectors with 750 m separation, which allows us to extend the analysis down to $\sim 0.03$ EeV. The most significant equatorial dipole amplitude obtained is that in the cumulative bin above 8~EeV, $d_\perp=6.0^{+1.0}_{-0.9}$%, which is inconsistent with isotropy at the 6$\sigma$ level. In the bins below 8 EeV, we obtain 99% CL upper-bounds on $d_\perp$ at the level of 1 to 3 percent. At energies below 1 EeV, even though the amplitudes are not significant, the phases determined in most of the bins are not far from the right ascension of the Galactic center, at $\alpha_{\rm GC}=-94^\circ$, suggesting a predominantly Galactic origin for anisotropies at these energies. The reconstructed dipole phases in the energy bins above 4 EeV point instead to right ascensions that are almost opposite to the Galactic center one, indicative of an extragalactic cosmic ray origin.
Comment: Accepted by ApJ