학술논문

GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
The LIGO Scientific Collaborationthe Virgo CollaborationAbbott, B. P.Abbott, R.Abbott, T. D.Acernese, F.Ackley, K.Adams, C.Adams, T.Addesso, P.Adhikari, R. X.Adya, V. B.Affeldt, C.Afrough, M.Agarwal, B.Agathos, M.Agatsuma, K.Aggarwal, N.Aguiar, O. D.Aiello, L.Ain, A.Ajith, P.Allen, B.Allen, G.Allocca, A.Altin, P. A.Amato, A.Ananyeva, A.Anderson, S. B.Anderson, W. G.Antier, S.Appert, S.Arai, K.Araya, M. C.Areeda, J. S.Arnaud, N.Arun, K. G.Ascenzi, S.Ashton, G.Ast, M.Aston, S. M.Astone, P.Aufmuth, P.Aulbert, C.AultONeal, K.Avila-Alvarez, A.Babak, S.Bacon, P.Bader, M. K. M.Bae, S.Baker, P. T.Baldaccini, F.Ballardin, G.Ballmer, S. W.Banagiri, S.Barayoga, J. C.Barclay, S. E.Barish, B. C.Barker, D.Barone, F.Barr, B.Barsotti, L.Barsuglia, M.Barta, D.Bartlett, J.Bartos, I.Bassiri, R.Basti, A.Batch, J. C.Baune, C.Bawaj, M.Bazzan, M.Bécsy, B.Beer, C.Bejger, M.Belahcene, I.Bell, A. S.Berger, B. K.Bergmann, G.Berry, C. P. L.Bersanetti, D.Bertolini, A.Betzwieser, J.Bhagwat, S.Bhandare, R.Bilenko, I. A.Billingsley, G.Billman, C. R.Birch, J.Birney, R.Birnholtz, O.Biscans, S.Bisht, A.Bitossi, M.Biwer, C.Bizouard, M. A.Blackburn, J. K.Blackman, J.Blair, C. D.Blair, D. G.Blair, R. M.Bloemen, S.Bock, O.Bode, N.Boer, M.Bogaert, G.Bohe, A.Bondu, F.Bonnand, R.Boom, B. A.Bork, R.Boschi, V.Bose, S.Bouffanais, Y.Bozzi, A.Bradaschia, C.Brady, P. R.Braginsky, V. B.Branchesi, M.Brau, J. E.Briant, T.Brillet, A.Brinkmann, M.Brisson, V.Brockill, P.Broida, J. E.Brooks, A. F.Brown, D. A.Brown, D. D.Brown, N. M.Brunett, S.Buchanan, C. C.Buikema, A.Bulik, T.Bulten, H. J.Buonanno, A.Buskulic, D.Buy, C.Byer, R. L.Cabero, M.Cadonati, L.Cagnoli, G.Cahillane, C.Bustillo, J. CalderónCallister, T. A.Calloni, E.Camp, J. B.Canepa, M.Canizares, P.Cannon, K. C.Cao, H.Cao, J.Capano, C. D.Capocasa, E.Carbognani, F.Caride, S.Carney, M. F.Diaz, J. CasanuevaCasentini, C.Caudill, S.Cavaglià, M.Cavalier, F.Cavalieri, R.Cella, G.Cepeda, C. B.Baiardi, L. CerboniCerretani, G.Cesarini, E.Chamberlin, S. J.Chan, M.Chao, S.Charlton, P.Chassande-Mottin, E.Chatterjee, D.Chatziioannou, K.Cheeseboro, B. D.Chen, H. Y.Chen, Y.Cheng, H. -P.Chincarini, A.Chiummo, A.Chmiel, T.Cho, H. S.Cho, M.Chow, J. H.Christensen, N.Chu, Q.Chua, A. J. K.Chua, S.Chung, A. K. W.Chung, S.Ciani, G.Ciolfi, R.Cirelli, C. E.Cirone, A.Clara, F.Clark, J. A.Cleva, F.Cocchieri, C.Coccia, E.Cohadon, P. -F.Colla, A.Collette, C. G.Cominsky, L. R.Constancio Jr., M.Conti, L.Cooper, S. J.Corban, P.Corbitt, T. R.Corley, K. R.Cornish, N.Corsi, A.Cortese, S.Costa, C. A.Coughlin, M. W.Coughlin, S. B.Coulon, J. -P.Countryman, S. T.Couvares, P.Covas, P. B.Cowan, E. E.Coward, D. M.Cowart, M. J.Coyne, D. C.Coyne, R.Creighton, J. D. E.Creighton, T. D.Cripe, J.Crowder, S. G.Cullen, T. J.Cumming, A.Cunningham, L.Cuoco, E.Canton, T. DalDanilishin, S. L.D'Antonio, S.Danzmann, K.Dasgupta, A.Costa, C. F. Da SilvaDattilo, V.Dave, I.Davier, M.Davis, D.Daw, E. J.Day, B.De, S.DeBra, D.Deelman, E.Degallaix, J.De Laurentis, M.Deléglise, S.Del Pozzo, W.Denker, T.Dent, T.Dergachev, V.De Rosa, R.DeRosa, R. T.DeSalvo, R.Devenson, J.Devine, R. C.Dhurandhar, S.Díaz, M. C.Di Fiore, L.Di Giovanni, M.Di Girolamo, T.Di Lieto, A.Di Pace, S.Di Palma, I.Di Renzo, F.Doctor, Z.Dolique, V.Donovan, F.Dooley, K. L.Doravari, S.Dorrington, I.Douglas, R.Álvarez, M. DovaleDownes, T. P.Drago, M.Drever, R. W. P.Driggers, J. C.Du, Z.Ducrot, M.Duncan, J.Dwyer, S. E.Edo, T. B.Edwards, M. C.Effler, A.Eggenstein, H. -B.Ehrens, P.Eichholz, J.Eikenberry, S. S.Eisenstein, R. A.Essick, R. C.Etienne, Z. B.Etzel, T.Evans, M.Evans, T. M.Factourovich, M.Fafone, V.Fair, H.Fairhurst, S.Fan, X.Farinon, S.Farr, B.Farr, W. M.Fauchon-Jones, E. J.Favata, M.Fays, M.Fehrmann, H.Feicht, J.Fejer, M. M.Fernandez-Galiana, A.Ferrante, I.Ferreira, E. C.Ferrini, F.Fidecaro, F.Fiori, I.Fiorucci, D.Fisher, R. P.Flaminio, R.Fletcher, M.Fong, H.Forsyth, P. W. F.Forsyth, S. S.Fournier, J. -D.Frasca, S.Frasconi, F.Frei, Z.Freise, A.Frey, R.Frey, V.Fries, E. M.Fritschel, P.Frolov, V. V.Fulda, P.Fyffe, M.Gabbard, H.Gabel, M.Gadre, B. U.Gaebel, S. M.Gair, J. R.Gammaitoni, L.Ganija, M. R.Gaonkar, S. G.Garufi, F.Gaudio, S.Gaur, G.Gayathri, V.Gehrels, N.Gemme, G.Genin, E.Gennai, A.George, D.George, J.Gergely, L.Germain, V.Ghonge, S.Ghosh, AbhirupGhosh, ArchismanGhosh, S.Giaime, J. A.Giardina, K. D.Giazotto, A.Gill, K.Glover, L.Goetz, E.Goetz, R.Gomes, S.González, G.Castro, J. M. GonzalezGopakumar, A.Gorodetsky, M. L.Gossan, S. E.Gosselin, M.Gouaty, R.Grado, A.Graef, C.Granata, M.Grant, A.Gras, S.Gray, C.Greco, G.Green, A. C.Groot, P.Grote, H.Grunewald, S.Gruning, P.Guidi, G. M.Guo, X.Gupta, A.Gupta, M. K.Gushwa, K. E.Gustafson, E. K.Gustafson, R.Hall, B. R.Hall, E. D.Hammond, G.Haney, M.Hanke, M. M.Hanks, J.Hanna, C.Hannam, M. D.Hannuksela, O. A.Hanson, J.Hardwick, T.Harms, J.Harry, G. M.Harry, I. W.Hart, M. J.Haster, C. -J.Haughian, K.Healy, J.Heidmann, A.Heintze, M. C.Heitmann, H.Hello, P.Hemming, G.Hendry, M.Heng, I. S.Hennig, J.Henry, J.Heptonstall, A. W.Heurs, M.Hild, S.Hoak, D.Hofman, D.Holt, K.Holz, D. E.Hopkins, P.Horst, C.Hough, J.Houston, E. A.Howell, E. J.Hu, Y. M.Huerta, E. A.Huet, D.Hughey, B.Husa, S.Huttner, S. H.Huynh-Dinh, T.Indik, N.Ingram, D. R.Inta, R.Intini, G.Isa, H. N.Isac, J. -M.Isi, M.Iyer, B. R.Izumi, K.Jacqmin, T.Jani, K.Jaranowski, P.Jawahar, S.Jiménez-Forteza, F.Johnson, W. W.Johnson-McDaniel, N. K.Jones, D. I.Jones, R.Jonker, R. J. G.Ju, L.Junker, J.Kalaghatgi, C. V.Kalogera, V.Kandhasamy, S.Kang, G.Kanner, J. B.Karki, S.Karvinen, K. S.Kasprzack, M.Katolik, M.Katsavounidis, E.Katzman, W.Kaufer, S.Kawabe, K.Kéfélian, F.Keitel, D.Kemball, A. J.Kennedy, R.Kent, C.Key, J. S.Khalili, F. Y.Khan, I.Khan, S.Khan, Z.Khazanov, E. A.Kijbunchoo, N.Kim, ChungleeKim, J. C.Kim, W.Kim, W. S.Kim, Y. -M.Kimbrell, S. J.King, E. J.King, P. J.Kirchhoff, R.Kissel, J. S.Kleybolte, L.Klimenko, S.Koch, P.Koehlenbeck, S. M.Koley, S.Kondrashov, V.Kontos, A.Korobko, M.Korth, W. Z.Kowalska, I.Kozak, D. B.Krämer, C.Kringel, V.Krishnan, B.Królak, A.Kuehn, G.Kumar, P.Kumar, R.Kumar, S.Kuo, L.Kutynia, A.Kwang, S.Lackey, B. D.Lai, K. H.Landry, M.Lang, R. N.Lange, J.Lantz, B.Lanza, R. K.Lartaux-Vollard, A.Lasky, P. D.Laxen, M.Lazzarini, A.Lazzaro, C.Leaci, P.Leavey, S.Lee, C. H.Lee, H. K.Lee, H. M.Lee, H. W.Lee, K.Lehmann, J.Lenon, A.Leonardi, M.Leroy, N.Letendre, N.Levin, Y.Li, T. G. F.Libson, A.Littenberg, T. B.Liu, J.Lo, R. K. L.Lockerbie, N. A.London, L. T.Lord, J. E.Lorenzini, M.Loriette, V.Lormand, M.Losurdo, G.Lough, J. D.Lovelace, G.Lück, H.Lumaca, D.Lundgren, A. P.Lynch, R.Ma, Y.Macfoy, S.Machenschalk, B.MacInnis, M.Macleod, D. M.Hernandez, I. MagañaMagaña-Sandoval, F.Zertuche, L. MagañaMagee, R. M.Majorana, E.Maksimovic, I.Man, N.Mandic, V.Mangano, V.Mansell, G. L.Manske, M.Mantovani, M.Marchesoni, F.Marion, F.Márka, S.Márka, Z.Markakis, C.Markosyan, A. S.Maros, E.Martelli, F.Martellini, L.Martin, I. W.Martynov, D. V.Marx, J. N.Mason, K.Masserot, A.Massinger, T. J.Masso-Reid, M.Mastrogiovanni, S.Matas, A.Matichard, F.Matone, L.Mavalvala, N.Mayani, R.Mazumder, N.McCarthy, R.McClelland, D. E.McCormick, S.McCuller, L.McGuire, S. C.McIntyre, G.McIver, J.McManus, D. J.McRae, T.McWilliams, S. T.Meacher, D.Meadors, G. D.Meidam, J.Mejuto-Villa, E.Melatos, A.Mendell, G.Mercer, R. A.Merilh, E. L.Merzougui, M.Meshkov, S.Messenger, C.Messick, C.Metzdorff, R.Meyers, P. M.Mezzani, F.Miao, H.Michel, C.Middleton, H.Mikhailov, E. E.Milano, L.Miller, A. L.Miller, A.Miller, B. B.Miller, J.Millhouse, M.Minazzoli, O.Minenkov, Y.Ming, J.Mishra, C.Mitra, S.Mitrofanov, V. P.Mitselmakher, G.Mittleman, R.Moggi, A.Mohan, M.Mohapatra, S. R. P.Montani, M.Moore, B. C.Moore, C. J.Moraru, D.Moreno, G.Morriss, S. R.Mours, B.Mow-Lowry, C. M.Mueller, G.Muir, A. 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Source
Phys. Rev. Lett., 118(22):221101, 2017
Subject
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Language
Abstract
We describe the observation of GW170104, a gravitational-wave signal produced by the coalescence of a pair of stellar-mass black holes. The signal was measured on January 4, 2017 at 10:11:58.6 UTC by the twin advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory during their second observing run, with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 13 and a false alarm rate less than 1 in 70,000 years. The inferred component black hole masses are $31.2^{+8.4}_{-6.0}\,M_\odot$ and $19.4^{+5.3}_{-5.9}\,M_\odot$ (at the 90% credible level). The black hole spins are best constrained through measurement of the effective inspiral spin parameter, a mass-weighted combination of the spin components perpendicular to the orbital plane, $\chi_\mathrm{eff} = -0.12^{+0.21}_{-0.30}.$ This result implies that spin configurations with both component spins positively aligned with the orbital angular momentum are disfavored. The source luminosity distance is $880^{+450}_{-390}~\mathrm{Mpc}$ corresponding to a redshift of $z = 0.18^{+0.08}_{-0.07}$. We constrain the magnitude of modifications to the gravitational-wave dispersion relation and perform null tests of general relativity. Assuming that gravitons are dispersed in vacuum like massive particles, we bound the graviton mass to $m_g \le 7.7 \times 10^{-23}~\mathrm{eV}/c^2$. In all cases, we find that GW170104 is consistent with general relativity.
Comment: 28 pages including Supplemental Material, 15 Figures, 5 Tables. This version updates Fig. 14 (Fig. 9 in Supp. Mat.)