부산대학교 도서관

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can cause the life-threatening acute respiratory disease called COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) as well as debilitating multiorgan dysfunction that persists after the initial viral phase has resolved. Long COVID or Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is manifested by a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, dyspnea, arthralgia, myalgia, heart palpitations, and memory issues sometimes affecting between 30% and 75% of recovering COVID-19 patients. However, little is known about the mechanisms causing Long COVID and there are no widely accepted treatments or therapeutics. After introducing the clinical aspects of acute COVID-19 and Long COVID in humans, we summarize the work in animals (mice, Syrian hamsters, ferrets, and nonhuman primates (NHPs)) to model human COVID-19. The virology, pathology, immune responses, and multiorgan involvement are explored. Additionally, any studies investigating time points longer than 14 days post infection (pi) are highlighted for insight into possible long-term disease characteristics. Finally, we discuss how the models can be leveraged for treatment evaluation, including pharmacological agents that are currently in human clinical trials for treating Long COVID. The establishment of a recognized Long COVID preclinical model representing the human condition would allow the identification of mechanisms causing disease as well as serve as a vehicle for evaluating potential therapeutics. Author summary: Not everyone who develops COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) recovers completely after 5 days, 14 days, or even 12 weeks. People who experience continuing or new symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty breathing, joint pain, heart dysfunction, and memory issues are now recognized as having "Long COVID" or Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Although Long COVID has been estimated to affect 30% to 75% of recovering COVID-19 patients in some studies, the illness is poorly understood, leaving us unable to properly support patients in their recovery. Here, we summarize COVID-19 and Long COVID in people then discuss the potential utility of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) animal models to address problems of Long COVID. We review SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease manifestations in mice, Syrian hamsters, ferrets, and nonhuman primates (NHPs). Specifically, the virology, pathology, immune responses, and multiorgan involvement are summarized. These models are rationally examined for their use in understanding the complexities of the multiorgan involvement during Long COVID and the potential for their use in screening therapeutics such as anti-inflammatory drugs, which are currently used for treating other diseases. The aim of this review is to highlight Long COVID preclinical animal models that could be used for Long COVID research and to screen for pharmacological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]