부산대학교 도서관

Acute appendicitis in children requires early surgery and short-course antibiotics active against Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes. Although an aminoglycoside-containing three-drug regimen has been used successfully for decades, simpler regimens with similar efficacy are increasingly used. This study evaluated the impact of a switch from the combination of cefotaxime, metronidazole and gentamicin (regimen 1) to piperacillin/tazobactam (regimen 2) as first-line regimen for complicated acute appendicitis in children. In total, 171 children were enrolled [median (IQR) age, 10 (6–13) years], treated with regimen 1 ( n  = 80) or regimen 2 ( n  = 91) following surgery for complicated acute appendicitis. The two groups were comparable except for surgical approach (through laparoscopy in 46% vs. 88% for regimens 1 and 2, respectively; P < 0.001). Post-operative complications and duration of hospital stay were similar. Deviations from antibacterial treatment protocol decreased from 36% (29/80) to 14% (13/91) ( P < 0.001), with a dramatic reduction in antibacterial treatment duration from median (IQR) of 15 (12–16) days to 5 (5–8) days ( P < 0.001). Post-operative intra-abdominal abscess developed in 32 children (18.7%). Female sex (OR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.18–6.48; P  = 0.02) and sepsis/septic shock on admission (OR = 4.72, 95% CI 1.12–19.97; P  = 0.035) were independently associated with post-operative intra-abdominal abscess, but not antibacterial regimen. This study shows that simplification of first-line antibacterial regimen for complicated appendicitis in children was associated with reduced protocol deviation, reduced duration of antibiotics, and similar outcomes (post-operative complications and duration of hospital stay). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]