부산대학교 도서관

Msuya HM; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Mrisho GA; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Mkopi A; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Mrisho M; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Lweno ON; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Ali AM; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Said AH; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Mihayo MG; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Mswata SS; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Tumbo AM; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Mhalu G; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Jongo SA; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Kassim KR; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Nyaulingo GD; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Temu SG; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Kazyoba PE; National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Haruna H; Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.; Kishimba R; Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.; Kassa H; Foundation for Innovation and New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland.; Mwangoka GW; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Abdulla S; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370507 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-1645 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00029637 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Trop Med Hyg Subsets: MEDLINE

Botelho F; From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird).; Gripp K; From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird).; Yanchar N; From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird).; Naus A; From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird).; Poenaru D; From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird).; Baird R; From the Cirurgia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Botelho); the Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Canada (Botelho, Poenaru); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Gripp); Pediatric General Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada (Yanchar); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Naus); the Division of Pediatric Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Baird).; Reis E; From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil.; Farias L; From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil.; Silva AG; From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil.; Viana F; From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil.; Neto JAP; From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil.; Silva S; From the Aquiraz Municipal Health Department, Aquiraz, Brazil (Reis, Farias, S. Silva) and Fortaleza, Brazil (A.G. Silva, Viana, Armando), Brazil.; Ribeiro K; From the School of Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil (Ribeiro); the Department of Neurosurgery, Cajuru University Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil (Gatto).; Gatto L; From the School of Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil (Ribeiro); the Department of Neurosurgery, Cajuru University Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil (Gatto).; Faleiro MD; From the International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Brazil (Faleiro, Fernandez, Salgado).; Fernandez MG; From the International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Brazil (Faleiro, Fernandez, Salgado).; Salgado LS; From the International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Brazil (Faleiro, Fernandez, Salgado).; Sampaio NZ; From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira).; Faleiro MD; From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira).; Mendes AL; From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira).; Ferreira RV; From the Department of Surgery, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; and International Students Surgical Network (InciSioN), Araraquara, Brazil (Sampaio), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Faleiro, Mendes) and Manaus, Brazil (Ferreira).; Marcião L; From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto).; Canto G; From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto).; Borges J; From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto).; Araújo V; From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto).; Andrade G; From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto).; Braga J; From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto).; Bentes L; From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto).; Pinto L; From the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery at the University of the State of Pará, Belém, Brazil (Marcião, Canto, Borges, Araújo, Andrade, Braga, Bentes, Pinto).; Ndasi HT; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima).; Amlani LM; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima).; Aminake G; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima).; Penda X; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima).; Tima S; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima).; Lechtig A; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima).; Agarwal-Harding KJ; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Baltimore, USA (Amlani) and Boston, USA (Lechtig, Agarwal-Harding); and the Baptist Hospital Mutengene, Cameroon (Ndasi, Aminake, Penda, Tima).; Whyte M; From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston).; Fowler-Woods M; From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston).; Fowler-Woods A; From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston).; Shingoose G; From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston).; Hatala A; From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston).; Daeninck F; From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston).; Vergis A; From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston).; Clouston K; From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston).; Hardy K; From the University of Manitoba Department of Surgery, Winnipeg, Canada (Whyte, Vergis, Hardy); the University of Manitoba Faculty of Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada (M. Fowler-Woods, A. Fowler-Woods, Shingoose, Hatala); and the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (Daeninck, Clouston).; Djadje L; From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye).; Djoutsop OM; From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye).; Djabo AT; From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye).; Kanmounye US; From the Faculty of Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangte, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon (Djadje); the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Djoutsop, Djabo); the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye).; Youmbi VN; From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye).; Kakobo P; From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye).; Djoutsop OM; From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye).; Djabo AT; From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye).; Kanmounye US; From the Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus Technological University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Youmbi, Kakobo, Djoutsop, Djabo); and the Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kanmounye).; Tafesse S; From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru).; Tamene B; From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru).; Chimdesa Z; From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru).; Alemayehu E; From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru).; Abera B; From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru).; Yifru D; From the Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tafesse, Tamene, Chimdesa, Alemayehu, Abera); and Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Yifru).; Belachew FK; From the Network for Perioperative and Critical Care, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; and the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Tirsit A; From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen).; Deyassa N; From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen).; Moen BE; From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen).; Sundstrøm T; From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen).; Lund-Johansen M; From the Surgery Department, Neurosurgery Unit, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Tirsit); the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Deyassa); the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Moen); the Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Sundstrøm); and the Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Lund-Johansen).; Abebe M; From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji).; Khan R; From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji).; Mekasha A; From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji).; Soklaridis S; From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji).; Haji F; From the departments of Neurosurgery (Abebe) and Pediatrics and Child Health (Mekasha), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Wilson Centre for Health Professions Education Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Khan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Soklaridis); Pediatric Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Haji); and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Haji).; Asingei J; From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello).; O'Flynn EP; From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello).; O'Donovan DT; From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello).; Masuka SC; From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello).; Mashava D; From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello).; Akello FV; From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello).; Ulisubisya MM; From the Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Asingei, O'Donovan); the Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (O'Flynn); the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania (Masuka, Mashava, Ulisubisya); and the Association of Anesthesiologists of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda (Akello).; Franco H; From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley).; Njai A; From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley).; Simister S; From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley).; Joseph M; From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley).; Woolley P; From the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Franco, Joseph); the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA (Njai); the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA (Simister); the Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Joseph); the University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK (Joseph); the University of Notre Dame School of Medicine Haiti, Department of Orthopaedics, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (Woolley).; James D; From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy).; Evans FM; From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy).; Rai E; From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy).; Roy N; From the Paediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (James); the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Evans); the Department of Anesthesia, Pediatric and ObGyn Anesthesia unit, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India (Rai); and the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Roy).; Bansal V; From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg).; Kamble J; From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg).; Aroke A; From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg).; David S; From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg).; Veetil D; From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg).; Soni KD; From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg).; Wärnberg MG; From the Department of General Surgery, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India (Bansal); Doctors For You, India (Kamble, Aroke, David); the Department of Public Health, Tata Institute of Social Science, Mumbai, India (Kamble); the Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (David, Wärnberg); Department of Minimal Access Surgery, Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery, Manipal Hospitals, New Delhi, India (Veetil); Critical & Intensive Care, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Soni); and Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden (Wärnberg).; Zadey S; From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Zadey); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey, Nickenig Vissoci); and the Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA (Nickenig Vissoci).; Vissoci JRN; From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Zadey); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey, Nickenig Vissoci); and the Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA (Nickenig Vissoci).; Iyer H; From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Iyer, Zadey); and the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey).; Zadey S; From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Iyer, Zadey); and the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey).; Shetty R; From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal).; Zadey S; From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal).; Jindal A; From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal).; Iyer H; From the Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, Maharashtra, India (Shetty, Zadey, Jindal, Iyer); the Terna Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Shetty); the Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA (Zadey); and King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (Jindal).; Ouma G; From the Department of Reproductive Health, Moi University School of Medicine, Moi, Kenya.; Shah SSNH; From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding).; Hinchman C; From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding).; Rayel IM; From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding).; Dworkin M; From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding).; Agarwal-Harding KJ; From the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya (Shah); the New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA (Hinchman); the National University of Ireland Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland (Rayel); the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); and the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding).; Mlinde E; From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Amlani LM; From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; May CJ; From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Banza LN; From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Chokotho L; From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Agarwal-Harding KJ; From the Department of Orthopedics, Nkhotakota District Hospital, Nkhotakota, Malawi (Mlinde); the Harvard Global Orthopaedics Collaborative (Amlani, May, Agarwal-Harding); the Department of Orthopedics, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi (Banza); the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Dworkin M; From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho).; Mbomuwa F; From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho).; Chidothi P; From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho).; Martin C Jr; From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho).; Harrison WJ; From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho).; Agarwal-Harding KJ; From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho).; Chokotho L; From the Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, USA (Dworkin); the Beit CURE International Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi); the AO Alliance Foundation, Blantyre, Malawi (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Agarwal-Harding); and the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi (Chokotho).; Paek S; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Amlani L; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Mbomuwa F; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Chidothi P; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Martin C Jr; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Harrison WJ; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Agarwal-Harding KJ; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Chokotho L; From the Harvard Global Orthopaedic Collaborative, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Paek, Amlani, Harrison, Agarwal-Harding); the AO Alliance Foundation (Mbomuwa, Chidothi, Martin Jr., Harrison, Chokotho); the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Boston, USA (Harrison); and the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (Chokotho).; Adégné T; From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.; Abdoulmouinou P; From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.; Amadou T; From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.; Youssouf T; From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.; Madiassa K; From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.; Younoussa DM; From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.; Moussa S; From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.; Amadou B; From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.; Hawa T; From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.; Laurent A; From the CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako Commune III, Bamako, Mali.; Jesuyajolu DA; From the Surgery Department, First Graceland Hospitals, Abijo, Lagos (Jesuyajolu); the Surgery Department, EYN Primary Healthcare Center Mubi, Kwarhi, Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria (Okeke); and Vascular Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (Obuh).; Okeke CA; From the Surgery Department, First Graceland Hospitals, Abijo, Lagos (Jesuyajolu); the Surgery Department, EYN Primary Healthcare Center Mubi, Kwarhi, Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria (Okeke); and Vascular Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (Obuh).; Obuh O; From the Surgery Department, First Graceland Hospitals, Abijo, Lagos (Jesuyajolu); the Surgery Department, EYN Primary Healthcare Center Mubi, Kwarhi, Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria (Okeke); and Vascular Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (Obuh).; Jesuyajolu DA; From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.; Ehizibue PE; From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.; Ikemefula NE; From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.; Ekennia-Ebeh JO; From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.; Ibraham AA; From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.; Ikegwuonu OE; From the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.; Diehl TM; From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze).; Bunogerane GJ; From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze).; Neal D; From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze).; Ndibanje AJ; From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze).; Petroze RT; From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze).; Ntaganda E; From the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (Diehl); the Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda (Bunogerane, Ndibanje, Ntaganda); the Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Neal); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA (Petroze).; Milligan L; From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Cairncross L; From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Malherbe F; From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Roodt L; From the Division of Global Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Kyengera DK; From the Department of Orthopaedics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Kyengera); the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA (O'Hara); and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Stockton).; O'Hara NN; From the Department of Orthopaedics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Kyengera); the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA (O'Hara); and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Stockton).; Stockton D; From the Department of Orthopaedics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Kyengera); the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA (O'Hara); and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Stockton).; Bedada A; From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi).; Hsiao M; From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi).; Chilisa U; From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi).; Yarranton B; From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi).; Chinyepi N; From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi).; Azzie G; From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi); the Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, Canada (Hsiao); the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (Yarranton); the Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada (Azzie); and the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana (Bedada, Chilisa, Chinyepi).; Moon J; From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt).; Rehany Z; From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt).; Bakhshi M; From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt).; Bergeron A; From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt).; Boulanger N; From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt).; Watt L; From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt).; Wong EG; From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Moon, Rehany, Bakhshi, Bergeron, Wong); the Régie Régionale de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nunavik, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Boulanger); and the Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Canada (Watt).; Pawlak N; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Bierema C; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Ameh E; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Bekele A; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Jimenez MF; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Lakhoo K; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Roy N; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Sacato H; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Tefera G; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Ozgediz D; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Jayaraman S; From the Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA (Pawlak); Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Surgery, Richmond, USA (Bierema); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Ameh); the University Teaching Hospital Division of Pediatric Surgery, Addis Ababa University Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bekele); Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Department of Surgery, Bogotá, Colombia (Jimenez); Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Surgery, London, UK (Lakhoo); BARC Hospital, Department of Surgery, Mumbai, India (Roy); the Universidad del Azuay Facultad de Medicina, Cuenca, Ecuador (Sacato); the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Madison, USA (Tefera); the University of California San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, USA (Ozgediz); and the University of Utah, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, USA (Jayaraman).; Peric I; From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O'Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein).; Youngson G; From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O'Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein).; Ameh E; From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O'Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein).; Borgstein E; From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O'Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein).; O'Flynn E; From the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Institute of Global Surgery, Dublin, Ireland (Peric, O'Flynn); Kids Operating Room, Aberdeen, UK (Youngson); the West African College of Surgeons, Abuja, Nigeria (Ameh); and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa, Blantyre, Malawi (Borgstein).; Simoes J; From the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (CROCODILE study group, Simoes); and the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India (Kingsley).; Kingsley PA; From the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (CROCODILE study group, Simoes); and the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India (Kingsley).; Sasson L; From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman).; Dekel H; From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman).; Sternfeld AR; From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman).; Assa S; From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman).; Sarid RS; From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman).; Mnong'one NJ; From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman).; Sharau GG; From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman).; Mongella SM; From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman).; Caryl WG; From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman).; Goldman B; From the Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology and Intensive Care, Sylvan Adams Children's Hospital and Save a Child's Heart International Pediatric Cardiac Care Center at the Wolfson Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel (Sasson, Dekel, Sternfeld, Assa, Sarid); the Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Mnong'one, Sharau, Mongella); and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Save a Child's Heart Canada, Toronto, Canada (Caryl, Goldman).; Bola R; From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh).; Ngonzi J; From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh).; Ujoh F; From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh).; Kihumuro RB; From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh).; Lett R; From the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Canada (Bola, Lett); the Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda (Ngonzi, Kihumuro); and the London South Bank University, London, UK (Ujoh).; Torquato A; From the University of Vale do Rio Doce, Faculty of Medicine, Governador Valadares, Brazil (Torquato); Salvador University, Faculty of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil (Tavares); and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Lech).; Tavares C; From the University of Vale do Rio Doce, Faculty of Medicine, Governador Valadares, Brazil (Torquato); Salvador University, Faculty of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil (Tavares); and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Lech).; Lech G; From the University of Vale do Rio Doce, Faculty of Medicine, Governador Valadares, Brazil (Torquato); Salvador University, Faculty of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil (Tavares); and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Lech).; Džunic A; From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor).; Ujoh F; From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor).; Gusa V; From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor).; Apeaii R; From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor).; Noor R; From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor).; Bola R; From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor).; Guyan IO; From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor).; Christilaw J; From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor).; Hodgins S; From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor).; Lett R; From the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Džunic, Hodgins); the Canadian Network for International Surgery, Vancouver, Canada (Ujoh, Bola, Guyan, Christilaw, Lett); the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Makurdi, Nigeria (Gusa); the School of Midwifery, Mkar, Nigeria (Apeaii); and the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Noor).; Binda C; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Heo K; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Cheng S; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Foggin H; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Hu G; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Lam S; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Feng L; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Labinaz A; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Adams J; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Livergant R; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Williams S; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Vasanthakumaran T; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Lounes Y; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Mata J; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Hache P; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Schamberg-Bahadori C; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Monytuil A; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Mayom E; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Joharifard S; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Joos É; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Binda, Heo, Cheng, Foggin, Labinaz, Mata, Joharifard, Joos); the Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Hu, Lam, Feng, Adams); the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Livergant); the Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Williams); the Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (Vasanthakumaran); the Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Lounes, Joos); the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hache); the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Main-Klinik Ochsenfurt Teaching Hospital, Ochsenfurt, Germany (Schamberg-Bahadori); the Aweil State Hospital, Aweil, South Sudan (Monytuil, Mayom); and the BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Paterson A; From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard).; Maswime S; From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard).; Hardy A; From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard).; Pearse RM; From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard).; Biccard BM; From the Global Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Paterson, Maswime, Biccard); the Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (Paterson); the Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Hardy); the Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (Pearse); and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Biccard).; Salehi M; From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Zivkovic I; From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Jatana S; From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Joharifard S; From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Joos É; From the Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Salehi, Joos); the School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (Zivkovic); the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (Jatana); and the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (Joharifard).; Flores MJ; From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga).; Brown KE; From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga).; Roberts HJ; From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga).; Donnelley CA; From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga).; von Kaeppler EP; From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga).; Eliezer E; From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga).; Haonga B; From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga).; Morshed S; From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga).; Shearer DW; From the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA (Flores, Brown, Roberts, Donnelley, von Kaeppler, Morshed, Shearer); and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Eliezer, Haonga).

Publisher: Canadian Medical Association Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 0372715 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1488-2310 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0008428X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Can J Surg Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE; MEDLINE

Lin K; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.; Li M; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Municipality, China.; Wang D; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Municipality, China.; Luo F; Chongqing City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Municipality, China.; Lu S; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Municipality, China.; Michael MG; Ifakara Health Institute, Dares Salaam, the United Republic of Tanzania.; Mlacha Y; Ifakara Health Institute, Dares Salaam, the United Republic of Tanzania.; Chaki P; Ifakara Health Institute, Dares Salaam, the United Republic of Tanzania.; Xiao N; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Municipality, China.; Zhou XN; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Municipality, China.

Publisher: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) Country of Publication: China NLM ID: 101767554 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2096-7071 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20967071 NLM ISO Abbreviation: China CDC Wkly Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

Mlacha YP; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Wang D; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.; Chaki PP; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. pchaki@ihi.or.tz.; Gavana T; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Zhou Z; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.; Michael MG; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Khatib R; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Chila G; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Msuya HM; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Chaki E; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Makungu C; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Lin K; Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.; Tambo E; Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, BP 208, Cameroon.; Rumisha SF; National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Mkude S; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Mahende MK; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Chacky F; National Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dodoma, Tanzania.; Vounatsou P; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Tanner M; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Masanja H; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Aregawi M; The Global Malaria Programme (GMP), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.; Hertzmark E; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Xiao N; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.; Abdulla S; Ifakara Health Institute, P. O. Box 78378, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.; Zhou XN; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE

Schindler T; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. tobias.schindler@unibas.ch.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. tobias.schindler@unibas.ch.; Deal AC; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Fink M; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Guirou E; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Moser KA; Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Mwakasungula SM; Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, United Republic of Tanzania.; Mihayo MG; Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, United Republic of Tanzania.; Jongo SA; Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, United Republic of Tanzania.; Chaki PP; Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, United Republic of Tanzania.; Abdulla S; Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, United Republic of Tanzania.; Valverde PCM; Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia & Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Alexander von Humboldt Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.; Torres K; Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia & Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Alexander von Humboldt Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.; Bijeri JR; Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea.; Silva JC; Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia & Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Alexander von Humboldt Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.; Hoffman SL; Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA.; Gamboa D; Laboratorios de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia & Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Alexander von Humboldt Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.; Tanner M; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Daubenberger C; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. claudia.daubenberger@swisstph.ch.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. claudia.daubenberger@swisstph.ch.

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Wang D; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.; Chaki P; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Mlacha Y; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Gavana T; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Michael MG; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Khatibu R; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Feng J; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.; Zhou ZB; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.; Lin KM; Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Naning, People's Republic of China.; Xia S; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.; Yan H; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Ishengoma D; National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Rumisha S; National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Mkude S; National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Mandike R; National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Chacky F; National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Dismasi C; National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Abdulla S; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Masanja H; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Xiao N; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. ningxiao116@126.com.; Zhou XN; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. zhouxn1@chinacdc.cn.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101606645 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2049-9957 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20499957 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Infect Dis Poverty Subsets: MEDLINE

Khatib RA; Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania. rkhatib@ihi.or.tz.; Chaki PP; Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Wang DQ; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.; Mlacha YP; Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.; Mihayo MG; Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Gavana T; Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.; Xiao N; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.; Zhou XN; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.; Abdullah S; Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE

Drakeley C; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.; Abdulla S; Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania. sabdulla@ihi.or.tz.; Agnandji ST; Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Fernandes JF; Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Kremsner P; Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Lell B; Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Mewono L; Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Bache BE; Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Mihayo MG; Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.; Juma O; Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.; Tanner M; Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Tahita MC; Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.; Tinto H; Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.; Diallo S; Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.; Lompo P; Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.; D'Alessandro U; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.; Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia.; Ogutu B; KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya.; Otieno L; KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya.; Otieno S; KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya.; Otieno W; KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya.; Oyieko J; KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya.; Asante KP; Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana.; Dery DB; Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana.; Adjei G; Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana.; Adeniji E; Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana.; Atibilla D; Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana.; Owusu-Agyei S; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.; Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana.; Greenwood B; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.; Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana.; Gesase S; National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania.; Lusingu J; National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania.; Mahende C; National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania.; Mongi R; National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania.; Segeja M; National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania.; Adjei S; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana.; Agbenyega T; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana.; Agyekum A; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana.; Ansong D; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana.; Bawa JT; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana.; Boateng HO; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana.; Dandalo L; University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi.; Escamilla V; University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi.; Hoffman I; University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi.; Maenje P; University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi.; Martinson F; University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi.; Carter T; The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, D.C., USA.; Leboulleux D; The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, D.C., USA.; Kaslow DC; The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, D.C., USA.; Usuf E; Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia.; GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium.; Pirçon JY; GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium.; Bahmanyar ER; GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE