학술논문
'학술논문'
에서 검색결과 33건 | 목록
1~10
Academic Journal
Cerana, S; Dictar, MO; Bonvehi, P; Tregnaghi, JP; Fein, L; Ashley, D; Singh, M; Hayes, T; Playford, G; Morrissey, O; Thaler, J; Kuehr, T; Greil, R; Pecherstorfer, M; Duck, L; Van Eygen, K; Aoun, M; De Prijck, B; Franke, FA; Barrios, CHE; Mendes, AVA; Serrano, SV; Garcia, RF; Moore, F; Camargo, JFC; Pires, LA; Alves, RS; Radinov, A; Oreshkov, K; Minchev, V; Hubenova, AI; Koynova, T; Ivanov, I; Rabotilova, B; Petrov, PA; Chilingirov, P; Karanikolov, S; Raynov, J; Grimard, D; McNeil, S; Kumar, D; Larratt, LM; Weiss, K; Delage, R; Diaz-Mitoma, FJ; Cano, PO; Couture, F; Carvajal, P; Yepes, A; Torres Ulloa, R; Fardella, P; Caglevic, C; Rojas, C; Orellana, E; Gonzalez, P; Acevedo, A; Galvez, KM; Gonzalez, ME; Franco, S; Restrepo, JG; Rojas, CA; Bonilla, C; Florez, LE; Ospina, AV; Manneh, R; Zorica, R; Vrdoljak, DV; Samarzija, M; Petruzelka, L; Vydra, J; Mayer, J; Cibula, D; Prausova, J; Paulson, G; Ontaneda, M; Palk, K; Vahlberg, A; Rooneem, R; Galtier, F; Postil, D; Lucht, F; Laine, F; Launay, O; Laurichesse, H; Duval, X; Cornely, OA; Camerer, B; Panse, J; Zaiss, M; Derigs, H-G; Menzel, H; Verbeek, M; Georgoulias, V; Mavroudis, D; Anagnostopoulos, A; Terpos, E; Cortes, D; Umanzor, J; Bejarano, S; Galeano, RW; Wong, RSM; Hui, P; Pedrazzoli, P; Ruggeri, L; Aversa, F; Bosi, A; Gentile, G; Rambaldi, A; Contu, A; Marei, L; Abbadi, A; Hayajneh, W; Kattan, J; Farhat, F; Chahine, G; Rutkauskiene, J; Marfil Rivera, LJ; Lopez Chuken, YA; Franco Villarreal, H; Lopez Hernandez, J; Blacklock, H; Lopez, RI; Alvarez, R; Gomez, AM; Quintana, TS; Moreno Larrea, MDC; Zorrilla, SJ; Alarcon, E; Samanez, FCA; Caguioa, PB; Tiangco, BJ; Mora, EM; Betancourt-Garcia, RD; Hallman-Navarro, D; Feliciano-Lopez, LJ; Velez-Cortes, HA; Cabanillas, F; Ganea, DE; Ciuleanu, TE; Ghizdavescu, DG; Miron, L; Cebotaru, CL; Cainap, CI; Anghel, R; Dvorkin, MV; Gladkov, OA; Fadeeva, NV; Kuzmin, AA; Lipatov, ON; Zbarskaya, II; Akhmetzyanov, FS; Litvinov, IV; Afanasyev, BV; Cherenkova, M; Lioznov, D; Lisukov, IA; Smirnova, YA; Kolomietz, S; Halawani, H; Goh, YT; Drgona, L; Chudej, J; Matejkova, M; Reckova, M; Rapoport, BL; Szpak, WM; Malan, DR; Jonas, N; Jung, CW; Lee, DG; Yoon, SS; Lopez Jimenez, J; Duran Martinez, I; Rodriguez Moreno, JF; Solano Vercet, C; de la Camara, R; Batlle Massana, M; Yeh, S-P; Chen, C-Y; Chou, H-H; Tsai, C-M; Chiu, C-H; Siritanaratkul, N; Norasetthada, L; Sriuranpong, V; Seetalarom, K; Akan, H; Dane, F; Ozcan, MA; Ozsan, GH; Kalayoglu Besisik, SF; Cagatay, A; Yalcin, S; Peniket, A; Mullan, SR; Dakhil, KM; Sivarajan, K; Suh, JJ-G; Sehgal, A; Marquez, F; Gomez, EG; Mullane, MR; Skinner, WL; Behrens, RJ; Trevarthe, DR; Mazurczak, MA; Lambiase, EA; Vidal, CA; Anac, SY; Rodrigues, GA; Baltz, B; Boccia, R; Wertheim, MS; Holladay, CS; Zenk, D; Fusselman, W; Wade III, JL; Jaslowsk, AJ; Keegan, J; Robinson, MO; Go, RS; Farnen, J; Amin, B; Jurgens, D; Risi, GF, Jr; Beatty, PG; Naqvi, T; Parshad, S; Hansen, VL; Ahmed, M; Steen, PD; Badarinath, S; Dekker, A; Scouros, MA; Young, DE; Graydon Harker, W; Kendall, SD; Citron, ML; Chedid, S; Posada, JG, Jr; Gupta, MK; Rafiyath, S; Buechler-Price, J; Sreenivasappa, S; Chay, CH; Burke, JM; Young, SE; Mahmood, A; Kugler, JW; Gerstner, G; Fuloria, J; Belman, ND; Geller, R; Nieva, J; Whittenberger, BP; Wong, BMY; Cescon, TP; Abesada-Terk, G, Jr; Guarino, MJ; Zweibach, A; Ibrahim, EN; Takahashi, G; Garrison, MA; Mowat, RB; Choi, BS; Oliff, IA; Singh, J; Guter, KA; Ayrons, K; Rowland, KM; Noga, SJ; Rao, SB; Columbie, A; Nualart, MT; Cecchi, GR; Campos, LT; Mohebtash, M; Flores, MR; Rothstein-Rubin, R; O'Connor, BM; Soori, G; Knapp, M; Miranda, FG; Goodgame, BW; Kassem, M; Belani, R; Sharma, S; Ortiz, T; Sonneborn, HL; Markowitz, AB; Wilbur, D; Meiri, E; Koo, VS; Jhangiani, HS; Wong, L; Sanani, S; Lawrence, SJ; Jones, CM; Murray, C; Papageorgiou, C; Gurtler, JS; Ascensao, JL; Venigalla, ML; D'Andrea, M; De Las Casas, C; Haile, DJ; Qazi, FU; Santander, JL; Thomas, MR; Rao, VP; Craig, M; Garg, RJ; Robles, R; Lyons, RM; Stegemoller, RK; Goel, S; Garg, S; Lowry, P; Lynch, C; Lash, B; Repka, T; Baker, J; Goueli, BS; Campbell, TC; Van Echo, DA; Lee, YJ; Reyes, EA; Senecal, FM; Donnelly, G; Byeff, P; Weiss, R; Reid, T; Roeland, E; Goel, A; Prow, DM; Brandt, DS; Kaplan, HG; Payne, JE; Boeckh, MG; Rosen, PJ; Mena, RR; Khan, R; Betts, RF; Sharp, SA; Morrison, VA; Fitz-Patrick, D; Congdon, J; Erickson, N; Abbasi, R; Henderson, S; Mehdi, A; Wos, EJ; Rehmus, E; Beltzer, L; Tamayo, RA; Mahmood, T; Reboli, AC; Moore, A; Brown, JM; Cruz, J; Quick, DP; Potz, JL; Kotz, KW; Hutchins, M; Chowhan, NM; Devabhaktuni, YD; Braly, P; Berenguer, RA; Shambaugh, SC; O'Rourke, TJ; Conkright, WA; Winkler, CF; Addo, FEK; Duic, JP; High, KP; Kutner, ME; Collins, R; Carrizosa, DR; Perry, DJ; Kailath, E; Rosen, N; Sotolongo, R; Shoham, S; Chen, T; Mullane, Kathleen M ; Morrison, Vicki A; Camacho, Luis H; Arvin, Ann; McNeil, Shelly A; Durrand, Jessie; Campbell, Bernadette; Su, Shu-Chih; Chan, Ivan S F; Parrino, Janie; Kaplan, Susan S; Popmihajlov, Zoran; Annunziato, Paula W
In The Lancet Infectious Diseases September 2019 19(9):1001-1012
Academic Journal
Academic Journal
Stoddard, MF; Longaker, R; Klein, AL; Vaughn, S; Porter, TR; Silver, M; Chartrand, M; Smith, RH; Lazar, J; Bilodeau, S; Trehan, N; Kasliwal, RR; Singh, S; Acquatella, H; Benitez, J; Mendoza, I; Mathias, W; Borowski, L; Small, RS; Soucier, DJ; Hollywood, L; Erbel, R; Muller, S; Madkour, MA; Melman, P; Pasteuning, WH; Katz, WE; Obarski, TP; Mayer, C; Eichelberger, JP; Opladen, J; Redberg, RF; Bosco, V; Pape, LA; Aurigemma, G; Rofino, KA; Barbosa, MM; Fattal, PG; Harris, M; Blanchard, DG; Sobel, J; Schwartz, SL; Garcia, MJ; Henck, T; Hoit, BD; Kraft, L; Baruch, L; Patacsil, P; Arrowood, JA; Nixon, JV; Shapiro, SM; Wang, SJ; Mele, D; Gruppioni, G; Lang, RM; Spencer, K; Furlong, K; Grayburn, PA; Abraham, T; Black, IW; Smith, A; Walsh, W; Davidson, T; Rosen, SE; Chepurko, L; Figueredo, E; Quinones, MA; Wilansky, S; Harlan, M; Shively, BK; Gelgand, E; Haichin, R; Feldman, BT; Rodgers, GP; Ducote, V; Orsinelli, DA; Sagar, KB; Bambulas, D; Coulis, L; Sommers, T; Langholz, D; Johnson, E; Phillips, PL; Wahl, SA; Nagelhout, D; Farley, R; Miller, K; Nye, GC; Barackman, K; Pai, RG; Daggubatti, R; Tyler, D; Briller, J; McNally, B; Pollack, PS; Whitley, D; Lengyel, M; Kancz, S; Davidoff, R; Manning, WJ; Mansur, J; Carneiro, M; Sorrell, VL; Corbett, C; Gillam, LD; Mangion, J; Fisher, M; Schlesinger, RB; Palazzo, D; LaVoie, J; Krasnow, N; Sherrid, M; Tan, E; Abi-Samra, M; Grant, A; Khalighi, K; Mezei, LE; Hamilton, WP; Riggio, S; Markarian, M; Ring, M; Fein, S; Megas-Nowak, I; Goldberger, MH; Wilson, DB; DeVore, D; Weiss, RJ; Chandler, D; Arheart, KL; Grimm, RA; Murray, RD; Chung, MK; Vaughn, SE; Becker, ER; Culler, SD; Ellis, SG; Elson, PJ; Olin, J; Furlan, AJ; Lauer, M; Asinger, RW; Halperin, JL; Steering Publications Comm ACUTE Study ACUTE I
Academic Journal
BONE, RC; BALK, RA; CERRA, FB; DELLINGER, RP; FEIN, AM; KNAUS, WA; SCHEIN, RMH; SIBBALD, WJ; ABRAMS, JH; BERNARD, GR; BIONDI, JW; CALVIN, JE; DEMLING, R; FAHEY, PJ; FISHER, CJ; FRANKLIN, C; GORELICK, KJ; KELLEY, MA; MAKI, DG; MARSHALL, JC; MERRILL, WW; PRIBBLE, JP; RACKOW, EC; RODELL, TC; SHEAGREN, JN; SILVER, M; SPRUNG, CL; STRAUBE, RC; TOBIN, MJ; TRENHOLME, GM; WAGNER, DP; WEBB, CD; WHERRY, JC; WIEDEMANN, HP; WORTEL, CH
Academic Journal
Paul, WG; Bermant, GW; McCallum, CE; Harris, MS; Friedman, SS; Fein, RL; Kelly, DG; Denniston, KK; Sheinfeld, MM; Lackey, SA; Howard, MS; Walker, AY
Academic Journal
Gibbs KW; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Semler MW; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Driver BE; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Seitz KP; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Stempek SB; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Taylor C; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Resnick-Ault D; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; White HD; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Gandotra S; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Doerschug KC; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Mohamed A; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Prekker ME; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Khan A; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Gaillard JP; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Andrea L; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Aggarwal NR; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Brainard JC; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Barnett LH; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Halliday SJ; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Blinder V; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Dagan A; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Whitson MR; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Schauer SG; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Walker JE Jr; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Barker AB; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Palakshappa JA; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Muhs A; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Wozniak JM; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Kramer PJ; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Withers C; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Ghamande SA; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Russell DW; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Schwartz A; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Moskowitz A; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Hansen SJ; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Allada G; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Goranson JK; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Fein DG; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Sottile PD; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Kelly N; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Alwood SM; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Long MT; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Malhotra R; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Shapiro NI; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Page DB; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Long BJ; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Thomas CB; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Trent SA; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Janz DR; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Rice TW; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Self WH; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Bebarta VS; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Lloyd BD; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Rhoads J; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Womack K; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Imhoff B; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Ginde AA; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).; Casey JD; From the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases (K.W.G., J.A.P.), the Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine (J.P.G., J.K.G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (M.W.S., K.P.S., A. Muhs, T.W.R., J.R., K.W., J.D.C.), the Departments of Emergency Medicine (W.H.S., B.D.L.) and Biostatistics (B.I.), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (W.H.S., B.D.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; the Department of Emergency Medicine (B.E.D., M.E.P., S.J. Hansen) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (M.E.P., S.J. Hansen), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington (S.B.S., J.M.W.), and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (A.D., N.I.S.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus (C.T., P.J.K.); the Department of Emergency Medicine (D.R.-A., S.G.S., C.W., S.A.T., V.S.B., A.A.G.) and the Center for COMBAT Research (V.S.B.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care (N.R.A., P.D.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology (J.C.B., S.G.S., N.K.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus - both in Aurora; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple (H.D.W., S.A.G.), and U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (S.G.S., B.J.L.) and Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston (S.G.S., B.J.L.), and the 59th Medical Wing, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland (B.J.L.), San Antonio - all in Texas; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (S.G., M.R.W., D.W.R., D.B.P.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (M.R.W.) and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (A.B.B.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pulmonary Section (D.W.R.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (K.C.D., A.S.); the Department of Critical Care Medicine (A. Mohamed, L.A., V.B., A. Moskowitz, R.M.) and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division (D.G.F.), Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY; the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (A.K., G.A.); Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (L.H.B., S.M.A.), and the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program-Baton Rouge Campus (J.E.W., C.B.T.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine-New Orleans, Baton Rouge; the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S.J. Halliday, M.T.L.), and the Department of Anesthesia (M.T.L.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison; the Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (S.A.T.); and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, and Allergy and Immunology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (D.R.J.).
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Editorial & Opinion
Fein DG; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Electronic address: dafei@montefiore.org.; Taylor C; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.; Stempek S; Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA.
Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0231335 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1931-3543 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00123692 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chest Subsets: MEDLINE
Editorial & Opinion
Fein DG; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Electronic address: dafei@montefiore.org.; Taylor C; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.; Stempek S; Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA.
Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0231335 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1931-3543 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00123692 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chest Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE; MEDLINE
Academic Journal
Waizbard-Bartov E; Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Waizbard-Bartov); The MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Waizbard-Bartov, Amaral); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA (Fein); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Development and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Lord).; Fein D; Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Waizbard-Bartov); The MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Waizbard-Bartov, Amaral); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA (Fein); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Development and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Lord).; Lord C; Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Waizbard-Bartov); The MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Waizbard-Bartov, Amaral); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA (Fein); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Development and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Lord).; Amaral DG; Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Waizbard-Bartov); The MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA (Waizbard-Bartov, Amaral); Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA (Fein); Departments of Psychiatry and Human Development and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (Lord).
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101156081 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1541-4094 (Print) Linking ISSN: 15414094 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ) Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
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