부산대학교 도서관

Jongen PJ; Sinnige LG; van Geel BM; Verheul F; Verhagen WI; van der Kruijk RA; Haverkamp R; Schrijver HM; Baart JC; Visser LH; Arnoldus EP; Gilhuis HJ; Pop P; Booy M; Heerings M; Kool A; van Noort E

Patient Preference and Adherence, Vol 2016, Iss Issue 1, Pp 243-250 (2016)

Jongen PJ; Sinnige LG; van Geel BM; Verheul F; Verhagen WI; van der Kruijk RA; Haverkamp R; Schrijver HM; Baart JC; Visser LH; Arnoldus EP; Gilhuis HJ; Pop P; Booy M; Lemmens W; Donders R; Kool A; van Noort E

Patient Preference and Adherence, Vol 2015, Iss Issue 1, Pp 1741-1750 (2015)

Al-Hakem H; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Doets AY; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Stino AM; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Zivkovic SA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Andersen H; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Willison HJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Cornblath DR; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Gorson KC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Islam Z; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Mohammad QD; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Sindrup SH; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kusunoki S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Davidson A; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Casasnovas C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Bateman K; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Miller JAL; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; van den Berg B; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Verboon C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Roodbol J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Leonhard SE; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Arends S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Luijten LWG; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Benedetti L; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kuwabara S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Van den Bergh P; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Monges S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Marfia GA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Shahrizaila N; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Galassi G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Pereon Y; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Bürmann J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kuitwaard K; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kleyweg RP; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Marchesoni C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Sedano Tous MJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Querol L; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Martín-Aguilar L; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Wang Y; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Nobile-Orazio E; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Rinaldi S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Schenone A; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Pardo J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Vermeij FH; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Waheed W; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Lehmann HC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Granit V; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Stein B; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Cavaletti G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Barroso FA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Visser LH; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Katzberg HD; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Dardiotis E; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Attarian S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; van der Kooi AJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Eftimov F; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Wirtz PW; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Samijn JPA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Gilhuis HJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Hadden RDM; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Holt JKL; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Sheikh KA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kolb N; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Karafiath S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Vytopil M; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Antonini G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Feasby TE; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Faber C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kramers H; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Busby M; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Roberts RC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Silvestri NJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Fazio R; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; van Dijk GW; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Garssen MPJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Verschuuren J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Harbo T; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Jacobs BC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands. b.jacobs@erasmusmc.nl.

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401060 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1526-632X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00283878 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurology Subsets: MEDLINE

Doets AY; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Lingsma HF; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Walgaard C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Islam B; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Papri N; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Davidson A; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Yamagishi Y; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Kusunoki S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Dimachkie MM; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Waheed W; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Kolb N; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Islam Z; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Mohammad QD; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Harbo T; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Sindrup SH; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Chavada G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Willison HJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Casasnovas C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Bateman K; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Miller JAL; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; van den Berg B; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Verboon C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Roodbol J; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Leonhard SE; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Benedetti L; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Kuwabara S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Van den Bergh P; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Monges S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Marfia GA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Shahrizaila N; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Galassi G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Péréon Y; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Bürmann J; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Kuitwaard K; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Kleyweg RP; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Marchesoni C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Sedano Tous MJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Querol L; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Illa I; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Wang Y; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Nobile-Orazio E; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Rinaldi S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Schenone A; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Pardo J; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Vermeij FH; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Lehmann HC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Granit V; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Cavaletti G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Barroso FA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Visser LH; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Katzberg HD; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Dardiotis E; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Attarian S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; van der Kooi AJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Eftimov F; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Wirtz PW; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Samijn JPA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Gilhuis HJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Hadden RDM; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Holt JKL; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Sheikh KA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Karafiath S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Vytopil M; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Antonini G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Feasby TE; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Faber CG; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Gijsbers CJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Busby M; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Roberts RC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Silvestri NJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Fazio R; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; van Dijk GW; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Garssen MPJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Straathof CSM; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Gorson KC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Jacobs BC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA. b.jacobs@erasmusmc.nl.

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401060 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1526-632X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00283878 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurology Subsets: MEDLINE

Walgaard C; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Jacobs BC; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Lingsma HF; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Steyerberg EW; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.; van den Berg B; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Netherlands.; Doets AY; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Leonhard SE; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Verboon C; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Huizinga R; Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Drenthen J; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Arends S; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Budde IK; The Medical Department, Sanquin Plasma Products, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Kleyweg RP; Department of Neurology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, Netherlands.; Kuitwaard K; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, Netherlands.; van der Meulen MFG; Department of Neurology, Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands.; Samijn JPA; Department of Neurology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Vermeij FH; Department of Neurology, Franciscus en Vlietland Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Kuks JBM; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.; van Dijk GW; Department of Neurology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Wirtz PW; Department of Neurology, Haga Hospital, Den Haag, Netherlands.; Eftimov F; Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; van der Kooi AJ; Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Garssen MPJ; Department of Neurology, Jeroen Bosch hospital, Den Bosch, Netherlands.; Gijsbers CJ; Department of Neurology, Franciscus en Vlietland Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; de Rijk MC; Department of Neurology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, Netherlands.; Visser LH; Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Netherlands.; Blom RJ; Department of Neurology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, Netherlands.; Linssen WHJP; Department of Neurology, Onze Lieve Vrouwen Gasthuis-West, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Zaans Medical Center, Zaandam, Netherlands.; van der Kooi EL; Department of Neurology, Leeuwarden Medical Center, Leeuwarden, Netherlands.; Verschuuren JJGM; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.; van Koningsveld R; Department of Neurology, Elkerliek Hospital, Helmond, Netherlands.; Dieks RJG; Department of Neurology, Röpke-Zweers Hospital, Hardenberg, Netherlands.; Gilhuis HJ; Department of Neurology, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, Netherlands.; Jellema K; Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, Den Haag, Netherlands.; van der Ree TC; Department of Neurology, Dijklander hospital, Hoorn, Netherlands.; Bienfait HME; Department of Neurology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, Netherlands.; Faber CG; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.; Lovenich H; Department of Neurology, St Jans Hospital, Weert, Netherlands.; van Engelen BGM; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Groen RJ; Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, Den Haag, Netherlands.; Merkies ISJ; Department of Neurology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.; van Oosten BW; Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; van der Pol WL; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.; van der Meulen WDM; Department of Neurology, Rode Kruis Hospital, Beverwijk, Netherlands.; Badrising UA; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, van Weel-Bethesda Hospital, Dirksland, Netherlands.; Stevens M; Department of Neurology, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, Netherlands.; Breukelman AJ; Department of Neurology, ZorgSaam Hospital, Terneuzen, Netherlands.; Zwetsloot CP; Department of Neurology, Dijklander Hospital, Purmerend, Netherlands.; van der Graaff MM; Department of Neurology, BovenIJ Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Wohlgemuth M; Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Netherlands.; Hughes RAC; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.; Cornblath DR; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; van Doorn PA; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Electronic address: p.a.vandoorn@erasmusmc.nl.

Publisher: Lancet Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139309 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1474-4465 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14744422 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

Bekooij TJS; Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Centre Westeinde, The Hague, The Netherlands.; Gilhuis HJ; Department of Neurology, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands.; Dawson L; Department of Neurology, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands.; Niks EH; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.

Publisher: IOS Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101649948 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2214-3602 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neuromuscul Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

Gilhuis HJ; Brouwer OF; Verrips A; Zwarts MJ

Journal of Pediatric Neurology (J PEDIATR NEUROL), Oct-Dec2004; 2(4): 213-218. (6p)

Van Wamelen DJ; Hama-Amin AD; Gilhuis HJ; De Bruijn SF

Neurology India. Sep2011, Vol. 59 Issue 5, p782-783. 2p.

Grosveld WJ; Gilhuis HJ; Voermans NC

Neurology India. Jul2011, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p633-634. 2p.

Wohlgemuth M; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.wohlgemuth@etz.nl.; Horlings CGC; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; van der Kooi EL; Department of Neurology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.; Gilhuis HJ; Department of Neurology, Reinier de Graaf Group, Delft, The Netherlands.; Hendriks JCM; Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; van der Maarel SM; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; van Engelen BGM; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Heijdra YF; Department of Pulmonology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Padberg GW; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9111470 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2364 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09608966 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neuromuscul Disord Subsets: MEDLINE