부산대학교 도서관

Najjary S; Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Amery NA; Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Huang M; Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Vadgama D; Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; van Akkooi ACJ; Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Gilhuis HJ; Department of Neurology, Reinier de Graaf Ziekenhuis, Delft, Netherlands.; Belcaid Z; Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Mustafa D; Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Kros JM; Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE

Doets, Alex Y; Lingsma, Hester F; Walgaard, Christa; Islam, Badrul; Papri, Nowshin; Davidson, Amy; Yamagishi, Yuko; Kusunoki, Susumu; Dimachkie, Mazen M; Waheed, Waqar; Kolb, Noah; Islam, Zhahirul; Mohammad, Quazi Deen; Harbo, Thomas; Sindrup, Soren H; Chavada, Govindsinh; Willison, Hugh J; Casasnovas, Carlos; Bateman, Kathleen; Miller, James AL; van den Berg, Bianca; Verboon, Christine; Roodbol, Joyce; Leonhard, Sonja E; Benedetti, Luana; Kuwabara, Satoshi; Van den Bergh, Peter; Monges, Soledad; Marfia, Girolama A; Shahrizaila, Nortina; Galassi, Giuliana; Péréon, Yann; Bürmann, Jan; Kuitwaard, Krista; Kleyweg, Ruud P; Marchesoni, Cintia; Sedano Tous, María J; Querol, Luis; Illa, Isabel; Wang, Yuzhong; Nobile-Orazio, Eduardo; Rinaldi, Simon; Schenone, Angelo; Pardo, Julio; Vermeij, Frederique H; Lehmann, Helmar C; Granit, Volkan; Cavaletti, Guido; Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Gerardo; Barroso, Fabio A; Visser, Leo H; Katzberg, Hans D; Dardiotis, Efthimios; Attarian, Shahram; van der Kooi, Anneke J; Eftimov, Filip; Wirtz, Paul W; Samijn, Johnny PA; Gilhuis, H Jacobus; Hadden, Robert DM; Holt, James KL; Sheikh, Kazim A; Karafiath, Summer; Vytopil, Michal; Antonini, Giovanni; Feasby, Thomas E; Faber, Catharina G; Gijsbers, Cees J; Busby, Mark; Roberts, Rhys C; Silvestri, Nicholas J; Fazio, Raffaella; van Dijk, Gert W; Garssen, Marcel PJ; Straathof, Chiara SM; Gorson, Kenneth C; Jacobs, Bart C

Neurology. Dec 22, 2021

Gilhuis, H Jacobus; Beurskens, Carien H G; de Vries, Joost; Marres, Henri A M; Hartman, Ed H M; Zwarts, Machiel J

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology; Apr2003, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p151-154, 4p

Al-Hakem H; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Doets AY; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Stino AM; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Zivkovic SA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Andersen H; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Willison HJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Cornblath DR; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Gorson KC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Islam Z; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Mohammad QD; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Sindrup SH; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kusunoki S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Davidson A; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Casasnovas C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Bateman K; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Miller JAL; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; van den Berg B; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Verboon C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Roodbol J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Leonhard SE; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Arends S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Luijten LWG; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Benedetti L; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kuwabara S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Van den Bergh P; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Monges S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Marfia GA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Shahrizaila N; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Galassi G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Pereon Y; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Bürmann J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kuitwaard K; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kleyweg RP; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Marchesoni C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Sedano Tous MJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Querol L; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Martín-Aguilar L; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Wang Y; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Nobile-Orazio E; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Rinaldi S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Schenone A; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Pardo J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Vermeij FH; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Waheed W; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Lehmann HC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Granit V; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Stein B; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Cavaletti G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Barroso FA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Visser LH; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Katzberg HD; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Dardiotis E; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Attarian S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; van der Kooi AJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Eftimov F; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Wirtz PW; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Samijn JPA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Gilhuis HJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Hadden RDM; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Holt JKL; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Sheikh KA; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kolb N; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Karafiath S; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Vytopil M; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Antonini G; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Feasby TE; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Faber C; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kramers H; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Busby M; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Roberts RC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Silvestri NJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Fazio R; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; van Dijk GW; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Garssen MPJ; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Verschuuren J; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Harbo T; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Jacobs BC; From the Department of Neurology (H.A.-H., H.A., T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (A.Y.D., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., S. Arends, L.W.G.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (A.M.S.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; Department of Neurology (S.A.Z.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA; Department of Neurology (H.J.W., A.D.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (D.R.C.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (Z.I.); Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) (Z.I.), icddr,b; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Department of Neurology (S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.C.), Neuromuscular Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (K.B.), Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., H.K.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Vlietland Hospital), Schiedam; Department of Neurology (S. Arends, P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (L.W.G.L., L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (Y.P.), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg (previous hospital), and MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current hospital); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., L.M.-A.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan University, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova, and IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Travesia Choupana, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G., B.S.), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology (S. Attarian), Reference Centre for NMD, CHU Timone ERN NMD, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology (J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Reinier de Graafweg, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Biology (N.K., S. Karafiath), Utah Valley University, Orem; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) (G.A.), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant' Andrea Hospital, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (J.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands. b.jacobs@erasmusmc.nl.

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401060 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1526-632X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00283878 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurology Subsets: MEDLINE

Doets AY; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Lingsma HF; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Walgaard C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Islam B; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Papri N; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Davidson A; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Yamagishi Y; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Kusunoki S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Dimachkie MM; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Waheed W; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Kolb N; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Islam Z; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Mohammad QD; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Harbo T; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Sindrup SH; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Chavada G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Willison HJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Casasnovas C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Bateman K; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Miller JAL; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; van den Berg B; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Verboon C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Roodbol J; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Leonhard SE; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Benedetti L; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Kuwabara S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Van den Bergh P; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Monges S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Marfia GA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Shahrizaila N; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Galassi G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Péréon Y; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Bürmann J; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Kuitwaard K; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Kleyweg RP; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Marchesoni C; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Sedano Tous MJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Querol L; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Illa I; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Wang Y; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Nobile-Orazio E; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Rinaldi S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Schenone A; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Pardo J; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Vermeij FH; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Lehmann HC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Granit V; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Cavaletti G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Barroso FA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Visser LH; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Katzberg HD; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Dardiotis E; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Attarian S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; van der Kooi AJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Eftimov F; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Wirtz PW; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Samijn JPA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Gilhuis HJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Hadden RDM; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Holt JKL; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Sheikh KA; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Karafiath S; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Vytopil M; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Antonini G; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Feasby TE; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Faber CG; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Gijsbers CJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Busby M; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Roberts RC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Silvestri NJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Fazio R; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; van Dijk GW; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Garssen MPJ; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Straathof CSM; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Gorson KC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA.; Jacobs BC; From the Departments of Neurology (A.Y.D., C.W., B.v.d.B., C.V., J.R., S.E.L., K.K., B.C.J.), Public Health (H.F.L.), and Immunology (B.C.J.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam; Department of Neurology (C.W., J.P.A.S.), Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling (B.I., N.P., Z.I.), Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (A.D., G. Chavada, H.J.W.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Department of Neurology (Y.Y., S. Kusunoki), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.M.D.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (W.W., N.K.), University of Vermont Medical Centre, Burlington; National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (Q.D.M.), Agargoan, Bangladesh; Department of Neurology (T.H.), Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Neurology (S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit (C.C.), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (J.A.L.M.), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK; Department of Neurology (B.v.d.B., C.J.G.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (L.B.), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (S. Kuwabara), Chiba University, Japan; Department of Neurology (P.V.d.B.), Neuromuscular Reference Centre, University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology (S.M.), Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dysimmune Neuropathies Unit, Department of Systems Medicine (G.A.M.), Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine (N.S.), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; Department of Neurology (G.G.), University Hospital of Modena, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for NMD (Y.P.), CHU Nantes, France; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland (previous affiliation); MVZ Pfalzklinikum (J.B.), Kusel, Germany (current affiliation); Department of Neurology (K.K., R.P.K.), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.M.), Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (M.J.S.T.), Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander; Department of Neurology (L.Q., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Santa Pau, U.A.B. CIBERER and ERN-NMD, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (Y.W.), Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China; Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service (E.N.-O.), IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, Rozzano, Italy; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.R.), University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation, Genetics and Maternal Sciences (A.S.), University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino Hospital (A.S.), Genova, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.P.), Hospital Clínico de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain; Department of Neurology (F.H.V.), Franciscus Vlietland Hospital (location: Franciscus Gasthuis), Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.C.L.), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology (V.G.), Montefiore Medical Centre, Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (G. Cavaletti), University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.G.-G.), Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain; Department of Neurology (F.A.B.), Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurology (L.H.V.), St. Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (H.D.K.), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (E.D.), University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Reference Centre for NMD (S.A.), CHU Timone, Marseille, France; Department of Neurology (A.J.v.d.K., F.E.), Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Neuroscience Institute, Netherlands Neuromuscular Centre, Euro-NMD; Department of Neurology (P.W.W.), Haga Hospital, Den Haag; Department of Neurology (H.J.G.), Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (R.D.M.H.), King's College Hospital, London; Department of Neurology (J.K.L.H.), The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neurology (K.A.S.), University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston; Department of Neurology (S. Karafiath), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Department of Neurology (M.V.), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Burlington, MA; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University of Rome 'Sapienza,' Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.E.F.), University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurology (C.G.F.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals; Department of Neurology (R.C.R.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.J.S.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY; Department of Neurology (R.F.), Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.W.v.D.), Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (M.P.J.G.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch; Department of Neurology (C.S.M.S.), Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (K.C.G.), St. Elizabeth's Medical Centre, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA. b.jacobs@erasmusmc.nl.

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401060 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1526-632X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00283878 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurology Subsets: MEDLINE

Alfen, Nens Van; Gilhuis, H Jacobus; Keijzers, Jurre P; Pillen, Sigrid; Van Dijk, Johannes P

Muscle & Nerve (MUSCLE NERVE), Sep2013; 48(3): 375-380. (6p)

Jongen PJ; MS4 Research Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Wesnes K; Bracket, Goring-on-Thames, United Kingdom; Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.; van Geel B; Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.; Pop P; Viecuri Medisch Centrum, Venlo-Venray, The Netherlands.; Sanders E; Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, The Netherlands.; Schrijver H; Westfries Gasthuis, Hoorn, The Netherlands.; Visser LH; St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands.; Gilhuis HJ; Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, The Netherlands.; Sinnige LG; Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.; Brands AM; Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Zuwe Hofpoort Ziekenhuis/Regionaal Psychiatrisch Centrum Woerden, The Netherlands.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

Zwarts MJ; Gilhuis HJ

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7803146 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-4598 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0148639X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Muscle Nerve Subsets: MEDLINE

Gilhuis, H Jacobus; Panwar, Amna; Van Duinen, Sjoerd G; De Jong, Frank J

Neurology. 11/18/2014, Vol. 83 Issue 21, p1988-1989. 2p.

Gilhuis, H Jacobus; Rafiee, Mahsa; Zwarts, Machiel J

Neurology. 4/9/2013, Vol. 80 Issue 15, pe170-1. 1p.

Hama-Amin AD; Gilhuis HJ; Portegies P; Hama-Amin, Ako Dara; Gilhuis, H Jacobus; Portegies, Peter

Neurology. 9/8/2009, Vol. 73 Issue 10, pe53-e53. 1p.

Kalay T; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Gilhuis HJ; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Kraan G; Orthopedic Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, The Netherlands.; vanAlfen N; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Publisher: Karger Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101517693 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1662-680X (Print) Linking ISSN: 1662680X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Case Rep Neurol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

Jongen PJ; Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands ; MS4 Research Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.; Sinnige LG; Multiple Sclerosis Centre Leeuwarden, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.; van Geel BM; Department of Neurology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands.; Verheul F; Department of Neurology, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, the Netherlands.; Verhagen WI; Department of Neurology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.; van der Kruijk RA; Department of Neurology, Slingeland Hospital, Doetinchem, the Netherlands.; Haverkamp R; Department of Neurology, Zuwe Hofpoort Hospital, Woerden, the Netherlands.; Schrijver HM; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Westfries Gasthuis, Hoorn, the Netherlands.; Baart JC; Department of Neurology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, Almelo-Hengelo, the Netherlands.; Visser LH; Multiple Sclerosis Centre Midden Brabant, St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands.; Arnoldus EP; Multiple Sclerosis Centre Midden Brabant, Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands.; Gilhuis HJ; Department of Neurology, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands.; Pop P; Department of Neurology, Viecuri Medical Centre, Venlo-Venray, the Netherlands.; Booy M; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands.; Lemmens W; Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.; Donders R; Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.; Kool A; Curavista bv, Geertruidenberg, the Netherlands.; van Noort E; Curavista bv, Geertruidenberg, the Netherlands.

Publisher: Dove Press Limited Country of Publication: New Zealand NLM ID: 101475748 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1177-889X (Print) Linking ISSN: 1177889X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Patient Prefer Adherence Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

Jongen PJ; MS4 Research Institute, Ubbergseweg 34, 6522 KJ Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands.; Wesnes K; Swinburne University, John Street, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.; van Geel B; Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmaar, Netherlands.; Pop P; Viecuri Medisch Centrum, Merseloseweg 130, 5801 CE Venray, Netherlands.; Schrijver H; Westfries Gasthuis, Maelsonstraat 3, 1624 NP Hoorn, Netherlands.; Visser LH; St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, 5022 GC Tilburg, Netherlands.; Gilhuis HJ; Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Reinier de Graafweg 3-11, 2625 AD Delft, Netherlands.; Sinnige LG; Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD Leeuwarden, Netherlands.; Brands AM; Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands ; Zuwe Hofpoort Ziekenhuis, Regionaal Psychiatrisch Centrum Woerden, Polanerbaan 2, 3447 GN Woerden, Netherlands.

Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101566861 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2090-2654 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20902654 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mult Scler Int Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

van Velzen GA; Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, afd. Neurologie, Delft.; Verwer KM; Rothova A; Gilhuis HJ

Publisher: Vereniging NTvG Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0400770 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1876-8784 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00282162 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd Subsets: MEDLINE

Prost MG; Department of Ophthalmology, Reinier de Graaf Group, Delft, The Netherlands.; Gilhuis HJ; Department of Neurology, Reinier de Graaf Group, Delft, The Netherlands.; Brouwer RE; Department of Haematology and Oncology, Reinier de Graaf Group, Delft, The Netherlands.; Gawda P; Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.

Publisher: Karger AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101532006 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1663-2699 (Print) Linking ISSN: 16632699 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Case Rep Ophthalmol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

Strijbos E; Reinier de Graaf Groep, afd. Neurologie, Delft.; Pomp J; Gilhuis HJ

Publisher: Vereniging NTvG Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0400770 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1876-8784 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00282162 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd Subsets: MEDLINE

Gilhuis HJ; Department of Neurology, Reinier De Graaf Group, Delft, the Netherlands. gilhuis@rdgg.nl; Schieving J; Zwarts MJ

Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100891853 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1294-9361 (Print) Linking ISSN: 12949361 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Epileptic Disord Subsets: MEDLINE

Gilhuis HJ; Department of Neurology, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, P.O. Box 5011, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands. gilhuis@rdgg.nl; Zöphel OT; Lammens M; Zwarts MJ

Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9111470 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2364 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09608966 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neuromuscul Disord Subsets: MEDLINE

Gilhuis HJ; Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. gilhuis@rdgg.nl; van der Laak JA; Pomp J; Kappelle AC; Gijtenbeek JM; Wesseling P

Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9814575 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0969-6970 (Print) Linking ISSN: 09696970 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Angiogenesis Subsets: MEDLINE