부산대학교 도서관

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: The Pediatric Trauma Society (PTS) is a multidisciplinary organization, with scientific presentations at its annual meeting addressing trauma care from prehospital through rehabilitation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the scholarly areas of focus of presentations at the annual meeting over the society's first 5 years and evaluate research dissemination. Methods: Data were collected on abstracts presented between 2014 and 2018, including titles, authors, and abstract classification. PubMed and Google Scholar searches identified abstracts that resulted in publications. Journal impact factors were identified. Results: Over 5 years, 491 of 635 (77.3%) abstracts were accepted. The number of submitted and accepted abstracts increased, but the acceptance rate was stable (range = 72.1%–81.2%, p = NS [nonsignificant]). The most frequently accepted categories included "Epidemiology," "Abdominal or Thoracic Trauma," and "Neurosurgery or Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)," whereas "Trauma Nursing" and "Quality Improvement" were less common. Among the 2014–2016 abstracts, 55.4% of podium and 24.3% of poster presentations were published. Abstracts categorized as "Epidemiology," "Education & Injury Prevention," and "Neurosurgery or TBI" were commonly presented but uncommonly published. The median journal impact factor of publications was 2.1 and 2.0 for podium and poster presentations, respectively (ranging from 0.11 to 10.25). Conclusion: Most of the scholarly effort presented at the PTS remains unpublished. Published work is mainly in low-impact factor journals. Mentorship in the publication process and encouragement of multidisciplinary collaboration within the society are needed to address limitations in the number and potential impact of the scientific content of the annual meeting. This type of analysis is relevant not only to the PTS but also to any professional society seeking to improve its impact. JTRAN Journal of Trauma Nursing 1078-7496 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000605 00008 3 RESEARCH The Pediatric Trauma Society Annual Meeting: An Analysis of Scholarly Output From the First 5 Years Knaus Maria E. MD Maria.Knaus@nationwidechildrens.org Berg Gina M. PhD, MBA gberg@kumc.edu Vogel Adam M. MD adamv@bcm.edu Prince Jose M. MD Jprince@northwell.edu Burd Randall S. MD, PhD rburd@childrensnational.org Gosain Ankush MD, PhD agosain@uthsc.edu Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (Drs Knaus and Gosain); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita (Dr Berg); Texas Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Dr Vogel); Cohen Children's Medical Center and Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York (Dr Prince); Division of Trauma and Burn Surgery, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia (Dr Burd); and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Dr Gosain). Correspondence: Gina M. Berg, PhD, MBA, University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, 1010 N. Kansas, Wichita, KS 67214 (gberg@kumc.edu). This study was presented at the 2019 Pediatric Trauma Society Annual Meeting in November 2019 in San Diego, CA. Author Contributions: conception and design of the study: G.M.B., A.G.; acquisition of data: M.E.K., A.G.; analysis and interpretation of data: all authors; drafting/revision the manuscript: all authors; final approval: all authors; accountability: all authors. The authors have no conflicts of interest or funding to declare. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.journaloftraumanursing.com). September/October 2021 28 5 316 322 © 2021 Society of Trauma Nurses 2021 Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: The Pediatric Trauma Society (PTS) is a multidisciplinary organization, with scientific presentations at its annual meeting addressing trauma care from prehospital through rehabilitation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the scholarly areas of focus of presentations at the annual meeting over the society's first 5 years and evaluate research dissemination. Methods: Data were collected on abstracts presented between 2014 and 2018, including titles, authors, and abstract classification. PubMed and Google Scholar searches identified abstracts that resulted in publications. Journal impact factors were identified. Results: Over 5 years, 491 of 635 (77.3%) abstracts were accepted. The number of submitted and accepted abstracts increased, but the acceptance rate was stable (range = 72.1%–81.2%, p = NS [nonsignificant]). The most frequently accepted categories included "Epidemiology," "Abdominal or Thoracic Trauma," and "Neurosurgery or Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)," whereas "Trauma Nursing" and "Quality Improvement" were less common. Among the 2014–2016 abstracts, 55.4% of podium and 24.3% of poster presentations were published. Abstracts categorized as "Epidemiology," "Education & Injury Prevention," and "Neurosurgery or TBI" were commonly presented but uncommonly published. The median journal impact factor of publications was 2.1 and 2.0 for podium and poster presentations, respectively (ranging from 0.11 to 10.25). Conclusion: Most of the scholarly effort presented at the PTS remains unpublished. Published work is mainly in low-impact factor journals. Mentorship in the publication process and encouragement of multidisciplinary collaboration within the society are needed to address limitations in the number and potential impact of the scientific content of the annual meeting. This type of analysis is relevant not only to the PTS but also to any professional society seeking to improve its impact. Bibliometrics Conferences Pediatric Research Scholarly activity Trauma SDC T Presentation of research findings as an abstract and the subsequent publication of the associated manuscript are necessary steps of the scientific research process (National Research Council, 2003). Without presentation and publication, methods cannot be disseminated, research findings cannot be validated, and patient care cannot be advanced. Bibliometrics, defined as the statistical analysis of written publications to determine research output and its impact, can serve as a marker of the quality of scientific output from an organization (Desai, Veras, & Gosain, 2018). The Pediatric Trauma Society (PTS) is a relatively young organization founded in 2011 after leaders in pediatric trauma sought to create a group dedicated to the prevention, advocacy, and data-guided care for injured children (PTS, 2011). In 2014, the PTS held its first annual conference in Chicago, IL. Since the first meeting, participation within the organization and at the annual meetings has substantially grown. In recognition of the high-level content presented at the annual meeting, the American College of Surgeon's Trauma Center Verification Program has included the PTS on the list of acceptable organizations in which trauma medical directors can seek membership and active participation to satisfy the requirement of national organization involvement (American College of Surgeons, 2019). The PTS is a multispecialty society, with membership that includes physicians, residents, nurses, advanced practice providers, students, prehospital providers, and other (such as psychologists, physical, occupational, respiratory therapists) specialists. Presentations at the annual meeting address pediatric trauma care over the entire continuum, from prehospital through rehabilitation, and include randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, clinical outcomes studies, and process or quality improvement studies. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to describe scholarly activity presented in the first 5 years of PTS annual meetings, identify topical areas of focus of presentations, and evaluate research dissemination of the findings of these presentations. METHODS: We obtained abstracts submitted for presentation to the PTS annual meetings from 2014 to 2018. Abstracts chosen for presentation were classified on the basis of whether they were podium or poster presentations. Author names and institutions were collected. Abstracts were grouped into one of 21 categories (as selected by authors at submission): basic or translational science, outcomes, clinical or surgical care, critical care, emergency medicine, education and prevention, epidemiology, innovation, guidelines, prehospital care, quality improvement, trauma nursing, trauma systems, rehab or psych or social work, firearms, abdominal or thoracic, vascular, thermal or burn, spine, neurosurgery or traumatic brain injury (TBI), and orthopedics. To best capture related publications, PubMed and Google Scholar searches were performed using abstract titles, key words, one or more of the authors, and author institutions. Only abstracts from 2014 to 2016 were included to allow a 2-year window for each abstract to be submitted as a manuscript and published. If a study had been published before the PTS annual meeting, it was not considered in the final count. After each publication was identified, the journal's impact factor for the year of publication was obtained using Journal Citation Reports. If an impact factor could not be found for a given year, the impact factor from the prior year was used. If a manuscript was not published in an indexed journal, the manuscript was still considered as a publication in the final count. Descriptive results are presented in frequencies (percentages) and medians (interquartile ranges) where appropriate. RESULTS: Over 5 years, 635 abstracts were submitted and 491 (77.3%) were accepted. Of those, most (69.7%) were podium presentations and the remaining (30.3%) were poster presentations (Table 1). Each PTS annual meeting had between 61 and 77 podium presentations over 4 days, but poster presentations increased from 11 in 2014 to 35 in 2018 (range = 11–44). Abstract submission increased from 98 (2014) to 149 (2018). Although the number of submitted and accepted abstracts has increased, the acceptance rate has remained stable (range = 72.1%–81.2%, p = NS [nonsignificant]; Figure 1). TABLE 1 Category 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total Abstracts submitted, n 98 111 139 138 149 635 Abstracts accepted, n (%) 75 (76.5) 80 (72.1) 112 (80.6) 112 (81.2) 112 (75.2) 491 (77.3) Podium, n (%) 64 (85.3) 61 (76.3) 68 (60.7) 72 (64.3) 77 (68.8) 342 (69.7) Poster, n (%) 11 (14.7) 19 (23.8) 44 (39.3) 40 (35.7) 35 (31.3) 149 (30.3) Podium publication, n (%) 30 (46.9) 38 (62.3) 39 (57.4) 25 (34.7) n/a 107 (55.4)a Median impact factor, median  (IQR) 2.1 (1.6–2.8) 2.2 (1.2–3.4) 2.2 (1.4–3.7) 2.1 (1.1–2.2) n/a 2.1 (1.4–3.4)a Published in JTACS, n (%) 9 (30) 9 (23.7) 12 (30.8) 4 (16) n/a 30 (28)a Published in non-JTACS, n (%) 20 (66.7) 31 (51.6) 23 (59) 21 (84) n/a 74 (69.2)a Published in nonindexed journal, n (%) 1 (3.3) 0 (0) 3 (7.7) 0 (0) n/a 4 (3.7)a Poster publication, n (%) 0 (0) 7 (36.8) 11 (25) 5 (12.5) n/a 18 (24.3)a Median impact factor, median (IQR) n/a 1.1 (0.76–1.6) 2.1 (1.4–3.0) 2.5 (1.9–4.8) n/a 2.0 (1.1–2.4)a Published in JTACS, n (%) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (9.1) 0 (0) n/a 1 (5.6)a Published in non-JTACS, n (%) 0 (0) 5 (71.4) 8 (72.7) 4 (80) n/a 13 (72.2)a Published in nonindexed journal, n (%) 0 (0) 2 (28.6) 2 (18.2) 1 (20) n/a 4 (22.2)aNote. JTACS = Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery; IQR = interquartile range; n/a = not available. aPublication metrics for 2014–2016 only. Figure 1. Abstract submissions to the Pediatric Trauma Society over time. The number of abstract submissions to the Pediatric Trauma Society has steadily increased over time, whereas the acceptance rate for podium presentation has been relatively flat. "Epidemiology" was the most common abstract category (Table 2). This category was followed by "Abdominal or thoracic trauma" and then "Neurosurgery or TBI." The number of "Epidemiology" podium presentations stayed consistent each year (range = 7–13). The category with the most yearly variation was "Abdominal or thoracic trauma" (range = 3–14). Topical areas that were less represented included "Trauma nursing" and "Quality improvement." "Guidelines" and "Critical care" were the two categories with the lowest number of abstracts. Among the 342 podium presentations over the first 5 years, only 20 were focused on firearm-related trauma. The 2018 PTS annual meeting had a higher number of firearm-related presentations (n = 7; Figure 2). TABLE 2 Category 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total Epidemiology 7 10 10 13 12 52 Abdominal or Thoracic Trauma 10 9 14 6 3 42 Neurosurgery or TBI 8 6 5 7 10 36 Education & Injury Prevention 7 6 5 7 8 33 Clinical Outcomes 6 5 5 7 9 32 Firearms 3 3 4 3 7 20 Trauma Systems 2 3 4 3 6 18 Clinical or Surgical Care 2 2 4 3 3 14 Spine 5 4 1 2 2 14 Rehab or Psych or Social Work 2 1 3 3 4 13 Orthopedics 1 3 2 5 0 11 Thermal or Burn 0 2 1 4 3 10 Quality Improvement 1 2 2 0 4 9 Trauma Nursing 5 0 1 2 1 9 Innovation 2 0 3 1 1 7 Vascular Trauma 1 0 0 3 3 7 Basic or Translational Science 0 1 1 1 1 4 Emergency Medicine 2 1 0 1 0 4 Prehospital Care 0 1 1 1 1 4 Critical Care 0 2 1 0 0 3 Guidelines 0 0 1 0 1 2 Note. TBI = traumatic brain injury. Figure 2. Categories of abstract submission to the Pediatric Trauma Society. The most common categories in aggregate were Epidemiology, Abdominal or Thoracic Trauma, and Neurosurgery/TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury). In any given year, one of these three categories was the most common for accepted podium presentations. Publication Outcomes: There was a noticeable lag time between presentation and publication of 1.4 and 1.8 years (see Supplemental Digital Content Figure 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JTN/A35). Thus, only accepted abstracts from 2014 to 2016 were analyzed for publication metrics. During that time, 193 abstracts were presented at the podium. Among these abstracts, 107 have been published as full papers (55.4%). Among the 74 posters presented, 18 were published (24.3%). Overall, 46.8% of presented abstracts from 2014 to 2016 were published as manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals. The Joseph J. Tepas Best Presentation Awards (established in 2016) recognize the best presentations at the annual PTS meeting by a physician and a nonphysician. Dr. Joseph Tepas has been memorialized as a model pediatric surgeon and researcher who built a pediatric surgery residency program dedicated to the expert care of injured and sick children. The publication outcomes associated with winners of the Tepas award are variable. For 2016, the abstracts presented by both Tepas award winners have been published as manuscripts, one in the Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (JTACS) and one in the Journal of Pediatrics. However, neither of the Tepas award-winning abstracts from 2017 has resulted in a published manuscript as of this manuscript's preparation. Publication Metrics: Published manuscripts presented on the podium had a median journal impact factor of 2.1 compared with a median impact factor of 2.0 for published manuscripts presented as a poster. The range of impact factors varied from 0.11 to 10.25 (see Supplemental Digital Content Figure 2, available at: http://links.lww.com/JTN/A36). The official journal for PTS is JTACS. A minority (28%) of accepted abstracts were published in JTACS, and the remainder (69.2%) were published in journals other than JTACS. Four (3.7%) were published in nonindexed journals. Among the 18 poster presentations, only one manuscript was published in JTACS. The remaining abstracts were published in non-JTACS (72.2%) and four (22.2%) in nonindexed journals. Most papers were published in surgical journals, followed by pediatric and emergency medicine journals. Only one of the nursing abstracts was found to be published and that was in the Journal of Trauma Nursing (JTN). Figure 3 compares rates of abstract acceptance versus rate of publication by topical categories. Those topics that were commonly presented but uncommonly published included "Epidemiology," "Education & Injury Prevention," and "Neurosurgery or TBI." We also found that projects in which a nurse or advanced practice provider was the first author were more often process or quality improvement projects and were less likely to result in publication. This could be because surgeons must publish to advance in their careers and gain professorship and other promotions, whereas nurses may not follow an academic career path. In addition, process and quality improvement projects can be difficult to publish unless they can demonstrate sustainability over time. Figure 3. Plot of abstract categories as the percentage of overall submissions versus the percentage published. TBI = traumatic brain injury. DISCUSSION: This study analyzed the scholarly output of the PTS over its first 5 years. We found that the number of abstracts submitted to the annual meeting has grown over the years and that slightly more than half of abstracts presented as podium presentations are published. Approximately a quarter of those presented as posters are published. Podium presentations were more likely to result in publication than poster presentations. Most publications were found in low-impact factor journals and published outside of the society's official journal. We have demonstrated the relationship between acceptance and publication by topical areas. Abstracts from topics with low representation (such as trauma nursing and vascular trauma) and those commonly presented but uncommonly published (such as Epidemiology, Education & Injury Prevention) may be an area of opportunity for the PTS to focus and improve dissemination of results specifically. This type of analysis is relevant not only to the PTS but also to any professional society seeking to assess and improve its impact. To our knowledge, the PTS is the youngest society to undertake this type of bibliometric review, but other societies have undertaken reviews of their scholarly output (Greig et al., 2019). Our results show that fewer abstracts make it to publication from the PTS than older and more established pediatric surgical organizations, such as the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Surgery (AAP-SoS) and the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA). Seventy-two percent of abstracts from the AAP-SoS annual meetings were published from 2009 to 2013, and 68% from the APSA meetings from the same period (Greig et al., 2019). Mentorship in the publication process and continued encouragement of nonsurgeon involvement in the society may address limitations in the number of peer-reviewed publications and improve the impact of the scientific content of the PTS annual meeting. The etiology for abstracts not progressing to peer-reviewed publications is multifactorial. One prior study found that abstracts may not become published because the author did not have enough time to write a manuscript or because a study was still ongoing (Sprague et al., 2003). A certain proportion of research may not even be submitted for publication if the study yielded negative results. The scientific community should encourage the presentation and publication of negative study results because of their potential clinical impact (Ivanov et al., 2017). Among the 491 presented abstracts in this series, only four were related to basic science. The focus on clinical research rather than basic science research is consistent with other pediatric surgical associations. A review of the abstracts submitted at the annual meetings for the AAP-SoS and APSA showed similar findings in the paucity of basic science submissions (Greig et al., 2019). The category with the highest number of abstracts presented at the PTS was "Epidemiology." This is not surprising, as identifying epidemiological data and trends is critical to preventing and treating pediatric trauma. To increase publication rates and to disseminate more clinically applicable research, the PTS has employed numerous strategies. In 2018, the PTS implemented a formal Publications Committee that reviews manuscripts in advance of submission to JTACS, the official journal of the PTS. The Publications Committee aims to improve acceptance rates by suggesting revisions and edits prior to submission. Authors competing for the Tepas Award are now required to submit a manuscript for publication to JTACS, which will likely result in a higher publication rate for the award-winning manuscripts. To address the low representation of nursing-led studies or low publication rates for nurse-authored studies, the PTS has formed a partnership with the Society of Trauma Nursing (STN). This partnership aims to increase the publication of nurse-led projects, including process and quality improvement. The STN-affiliated journal is JTN, which aims to disseminate generalizable quality improvement initiatives (traumanurses.org/resources/stn-journal). Because these efforts are relatively new, it is too soon to determine the impact on publication metrics for the annual meeting. In addition, we have identified topical areas commonly presented at the meeting but infrequently result in publications. Ongoing efforts should focus on the dissemination of results from this group of abstracts. LIMITATIONS: This study has several limitations. Despite extensive searching, we may not have identified all published manuscripts, particularly in nonindexed journals. We also may have missed publications specifically found in other research databases, such as Scopus or EMBASE. In addition, we did not analyze the publication metrics for studies presented at the 2018 annual meeting because of the lag time between presentation and publication. The use of the journal impact factor as a quality metric may be misleading. Journal impact factors can represent the importance and visibility of a journal in a particular discipline but are subject to variability (Paulus, Cruz, & Krach, 2018) and do not necessarily indicate manuscript quality. Finally, we have used bibliometrics to describe and understand the impact of the scholarly works presented at the annual meeting. The true impact would be measured by improvements in patient care resulting from disseminating this work but is not readily quantifiable. This study identified the volume of presentations that progressed to publications but did not specifically identify barriers; future research should delve deeper into this, possibly by follow-up surveys with abstract presenters. CONCLUSION: The PTS is a relatively new society and has made tremendous strides in its first 5 years related to the publication of the scientific meeting content. Although the number of abstracts submitted to the annual meeting is increasing, a large percentage of the scholarly effort of PTS members presented at the annual meetings remains unpublished. The published work is mainly in surgical and low-impact factor journals. Focused efforts to increase publication of presented abstracts, including implementing a Publications Committee, requiring abstracts desiring to be considered for awards to submit a manuscript, and partnering with the STN, are in place. Efforts to identify pediatric trauma research barriers are needed to advance patient care and improve outcomes for vulnerable and injured children. Ongoing evaluation of the scholarly body of work presented at PTS annual meetings will be useful in developing society and its members. KEY POINTS: Much scholarly work remains unpublished. The PTS has partnered with the STN to increase publication of nursing-led studies. Periodic evaluation of the scholarly body of work is useful in the development of a society and its members. Identify strategies to increase publication and dissemination of scholarly work to a wider audience to improve the care of the pediatric population. Acknowledgments: The authors thank Katie Leavitt, Senior Administrator for the PTS, and Brittany Fiore, Meeting Manager for the PTS, for their assistance in gathering records for this project. REFERENCES: American College of Surgeons. (2019). VRC Standards FAQs (Vol. 2019). Retrieved from https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/trauma/tqp/center-programs/vrc/faq/standards Desai N. Veras L. V. Gosain A. (2018). Using bibliometrics to analyze the state of academic productivity in US pediatric surgery training programs. 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