학술논문
Disentangling Genetic and Environmental Influences on Early Language Development: The Interplay of Genetic Propensity for Negative Emotionality and Surgency, and Parenting Behavior Effects on Early Language Skills in an Adoption Study
Document Type
Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Reports - Research
Author
Rachael W. Cheung (ORCID 0000-0001-5207-240X ); Chloe Austerberry (ORCID 0000-0003-3051-6131 ); Pasco Fearon (ORCID 0000-0003-1847-8443 ); Marianna E. Hayiou-Thomas (ORCID 0000-0003-1163-2671 ); Leslie D. Leve (ORCID 0000-0003-3061-4524 ); Daniel S. Shaw; Jody M. Ganiban; Misaki N. Natsuaki (ORCID 0000-0001-5585-7827 ); Jenae M. Neiderhieser (ORCID 0000-0003-4474-5330 ); David Reiss
Source
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0009-3920
1467-8624
1467-8624
Abstract
Parenting and children's temperament are important influences on language development. However, temperament may reflect prior parenting, and parenting effects may reflect genes common to parents and children. In 561 U.S. adoptees (57% male) and their birth and rearing parents (70% and 92% White, 13% and 4% African American, and 7% and 2% Latinx, respectively), this study demonstrated how genetic propensity for temperament affects language development, and how this relates to parenting. Genetic propensity for negative emotionality inversely predicted language at 27 months ([Beta] = -0.15) and evoked greater maternal warmth ([Beta] = 0.12), whereas propensity for surgency positively predicted language at 4.5 years ([Beta] = 0.20), especially when warmth was low. Parental warmth ([Beta] = 0.15) and sensitivity ([Beta] = 0.19) further contributed to language development, controlling for common gene effects.