학술논문
Creando sinergias entre la psicometría para el desarrollo y validación de medidas de un solo ítem y la evaluación de la teoría motivacional de la autodeterminación en personas mayores
Document Type
Dissertation/Thesis
Author
Source
TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Subject
159.9
Language
Spanish; Castilian
Abstract
La evaluación de constructos complejos, como los contemplados en la teoría motivacional de la autodeterminación (SDT), mediante cuestionarios es un campo que no ha sido ampliamente explorado en personas mayores. La factibilidad de auto-administrarse los 65 ítems (24 de estilo interpersonal del monitor/a, 12 de satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, 24 de regulación conductual y 5 de vitalidad subjetiva) necesarios para evaluar la cadena de relaciones de la SDT es limitada en esta población. Utilizar medidas de un solo ítem podría conducir a una mayor factibilidad y por lo tanto a obtener más conocimiento sobre las personas mayores. En esta tesis se busca una solución sustantivo-metodológica a esta cuestión. El primer objetivo es describir la cadena de relaciones propuesta por la SDT en personas mayores de 60 años que practican actividad física. El segundo objetivo es obtener evidencia de calidad psicométrica para cuestionarios ya utilizados en otras poblaciones de adultos (i.e., Coaches’ Interpersonal Style Questionnaire [CIS-Q], Basic Psychological Need Exercise Scale [BPNES], Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire [BREQ-3] y Subjective Vitality Scale [SVS]). El tercero es desarrollar medidas de un solo ítem para examinar las mismas dimensiones que en las medidas de múltiples ítems. Concretamente se quiere estudiar la factibilidad y el proceso de respuesta de las medidas de un solo ítem en comparación de las medidas de múltiples ítems, examinar las propiedades psicométricas de las medidas de un solo ítem con la misma muestra que las medidas de múltiples ítems y estudiar con una nueva muestra la estabilidad temporal. Se ha contado con una muestra de 128 personas que han contestado las medidas de múltiples ítems y las medidas creadas, y también se contó con las respuestas de 62 personas para el estudio de la estabilidad temporal. Los resultados obtenidos con las dos medidas apuntan a que las personas mayores de sesenta años que practican actividad física dirigida perciben un gran apoyo y satisfacción de sus necesidades psicológicas básicas, practican actividad física motivadas autónomamente y en general se sienten vitales. Para las medidas de múltiples ítems, se ha obtenido evidencia favorable de estructura interna para el estilo interpersonal de apoyo a las necesidades psicológicas básicas, para satisfacción a las necesidades psicológicas básicas y para vitalidad subjetiva. El estudio de la consistencia interna solo aportó evidencia favorable para los estilos interpersonales de apoyo a la competencia y apoyo a la relación, para la satisfacción de la necesidad psicológica básica de relación y para la vitalidad subjetiva. Las 16 medidas de un solo ítem desarrolladas fueron consideradas por el panel de especialistas como relevantes, suficientes y claras para medir los conceptos de la SDT en esta población. El estudio de campo evidenció por un lado que la recogida de datos con medidas de un solo ítem era más factible que con las medidas de múltiples ítems. Por otro lado, se observaron procesos de respuesta relacionados con la voluntad de no perjudicar al líder o bien con la dificultad de diferenciar entre los conceptos. Adicionalmente se ha aportado evidencia favorable de validez basada en la relación con variables externas para todas las medidas de un solo ítem. En referencia a la fiabilidad los resultados han sido menos concluyentes ya que solo tres medidas (apoyo a la competencia, apoyo a la relación y satisfacción de la relación) han resultado aceptables en todos los indicadores.
The evaluation of complex constructs, such as those contemplated in self-determination theory of motivation (SDT), through questionnaires is a field that has not been widely explored in the elderly. The feasibility of self-administering 65 items (24 of coaches’ interpersonal style, 12 of basic psychological needs satisfaction, 24 of behavioral regulation and 5 of subjective vitality) necessary to evaluate the chain of relationships of the SDT is limited in this population. Using single-item measures could lead to greater feasibility and therefore to obtain more knowledge about the elderly. In this thesis it is proposed to look for a substantive-methodological solution to this question. The first aim is to describe the chain of relationships proposed by the SDT in people over sixty who practice directed physical activity. The second is to obtain evidence of psychometric quality for questionnaires already used in other adult populations (i.e., Coaches’ Interpersonal Style Questionnaire [CIS-Q], Basic Psychological Need Exercise Scale [BPNES], Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire [BREQ-3] and Subjective Vitality Scale [SVS]). The third is to develop single-item measures to examine the same dimensions as in multi-item measures. Specifically, we want to study the feasibility and response process of single-item measures in comparison to multi-item measures, to examine the psychometric properties of single-item measures with the same sample as multi-item measures, and to study with a new sample the temporal stability. The multi-item measures and the measures created were administered to a sample of 128 elderly people and the responses of other 62 people were used for the study of temporal stability. The results obtained with the two measures point that people over sixty years of age who practice directed physical activity perceive a great support and satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, practice autonomously motivated physical activity and in general feel vital. For multi-item measures, favorable evidence of internal structure was found for the interpersonal style of support to basic psychological needs, for satisfaction of the basic psychological needs and for subjective vitality. From the study of internal consistency only favorable evidence was found for the interpersonal style of support to competence and support to relationships, for satisfaction of the basic psychological need of relationship and for subjective vitality. The 16 single-item measures developed were considered as relevant, sufficient and clear to measure the concepts of SDT in this population by the panel of specialists. Field research showed on one hand that the collection of data with single-item measures was more feasible than with multi-item measures. On the other hand, response process related to the desire not to harm the leader or the difficulty of differentiating between the concepts were observed. Additionally, favorable validity evidence has been provided based on the relationship with external variables for all single-item measures. Regarding reliability, the results have been less conclusive since only three measures (competence support, relationship support and relationship satisfaction) have been acceptable in all indicators.
The evaluation of complex constructs, such as those contemplated in self-determination theory of motivation (SDT), through questionnaires is a field that has not been widely explored in the elderly. The feasibility of self-administering 65 items (24 of coaches’ interpersonal style, 12 of basic psychological needs satisfaction, 24 of behavioral regulation and 5 of subjective vitality) necessary to evaluate the chain of relationships of the SDT is limited in this population. Using single-item measures could lead to greater feasibility and therefore to obtain more knowledge about the elderly. In this thesis it is proposed to look for a substantive-methodological solution to this question. The first aim is to describe the chain of relationships proposed by the SDT in people over sixty who practice directed physical activity. The second is to obtain evidence of psychometric quality for questionnaires already used in other adult populations (i.e., Coaches’ Interpersonal Style Questionnaire [CIS-Q], Basic Psychological Need Exercise Scale [BPNES], Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire [BREQ-3] and Subjective Vitality Scale [SVS]). The third is to develop single-item measures to examine the same dimensions as in multi-item measures. Specifically, we want to study the feasibility and response process of single-item measures in comparison to multi-item measures, to examine the psychometric properties of single-item measures with the same sample as multi-item measures, and to study with a new sample the temporal stability. The multi-item measures and the measures created were administered to a sample of 128 elderly people and the responses of other 62 people were used for the study of temporal stability. The results obtained with the two measures point that people over sixty years of age who practice directed physical activity perceive a great support and satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, practice autonomously motivated physical activity and in general feel vital. For multi-item measures, favorable evidence of internal structure was found for the interpersonal style of support to basic psychological needs, for satisfaction of the basic psychological needs and for subjective vitality. From the study of internal consistency only favorable evidence was found for the interpersonal style of support to competence and support to relationships, for satisfaction of the basic psychological need of relationship and for subjective vitality. The 16 single-item measures developed were considered as relevant, sufficient and clear to measure the concepts of SDT in this population by the panel of specialists. Field research showed on one hand that the collection of data with single-item measures was more feasible than with multi-item measures. On the other hand, response process related to the desire not to harm the leader or the difficulty of differentiating between the concepts were observed. Additionally, favorable validity evidence has been provided based on the relationship with external variables for all single-item measures. Regarding reliability, the results have been less conclusive since only three measures (competence support, relationship support and relationship satisfaction) have been acceptable in all indicators.