학술논문
Collapsars as Sites of r-process Nucleosynthesis: Systematic Photometric Near-infrared Follow-up of Type Ic-BL Supernovae
Document Type
Author
Anand, Shreya; Barnes, Jennifer; Yang, Sheng, 1990; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Coughlin, Michael W.; Sollerman, Jesper, 1968; De, Kishalay; Fremling, Christoffer; Corsi, Alessandra; Ho, Anna Y. Q.; Balasubramanian, Arvind; Omand, Conor M. B., 1992; Srinivasaragavan, Gokul P.; Cenko, S. Bradley; Ahumada, Tomás; Andreoni, Igor; Dahiwale, Aishwarya; Das, Kaustav Kashyap; Jencson, Jacob; Karambelkar, Viraj; Kumar, Harsh; Metzger, Brian D.; Perley, Daniel; Sarin, Nikhil; Schweyer, Tassilo; Schulze, Steve; Sharma, Yashvi; Sit, Tawny; Stein, Robert; Tartaglia, Leonardo; Tinyanont, Samaporn; Tzanidakis, Anastasios; van Roestel, Jan; Yao, Yuhan; Bloom, Joshua S.; Cook, David O.; Dekany, Richard; Graham, Matthew J.; Groom, Steven L.; Kaplan, David L.; Masci, Frank J.; Medford, Michael S.; Riddle, Reed; Zhang, Chaoran
Source
Astrophysical Journal. 962(1)
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0004-637X
1538-4357
1538-4357
Abstract
One of the open questions following the discovery of GW170817 is whether neutron star (NS) mergers are the only astrophysical sites capable of producing r-process elements. Simulations have shown that 0.01–0.1 M⊙ of r-process material could be generated in the outflows originating from the accretion disk surrounding the rapidly rotating black hole that forms as a remnant to both NS mergers and collapsing massive stars associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (collapsars). The hallmark signature of r-process nucleosynthesis in the binary NS merger GW170817 was its long-lasting near-infrared (NIR) emission, thus motivating a systematic photometric study of the light curves of broad-lined stripped-envelope (Ic-BL) supernovae (SNe) associated with collapsars. We present the first systematic study of 25 SNe Ic-BL—including 18 observed with the Zwicky Transient Facility and 7 from the literature—in the optical/NIR bands to determine what quantity of r-process material, if any, is synthesized in these explosions. Using semi-analytic models designed to account for r-process production in SNe Ic-BL, we perform light curve fitting to derive constraints on the r-process mass for these SNe. We also perform independent light curve fits to models without the r-process. We find that the r-process-free models are a better fit to the light curves of the objects in our sample. Thus, we find no compelling evidence of r-process enrichment in any of our objects. Further high-cadence infrared photometric studies and nebular spectroscopic analysis would be sensitive to smaller quantities of r-process ejecta mass or indicate whether all collapsars are completely devoid of r-process nucleosynthesis.