학술논문

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Document Type
Author
Hay, S. I.Abajobir, A. A.Abate, K. H.Abbafati, C.Abbas, K. M.Abd-Allah, F.Abdulle, A. M.Abebo, T. A.Abera, S. F.Aboyans, V.Abu-Raddad, L. J.Ackerman, I. N.Adedeji, I. A.Adetokunboh, O.Afshin, A.Aggarwal, R.Agrawal, S.Agrawal, A.Kiadaliri, A. A.Ahmed, M. B.Aichour, A. N.Aichour, I.Aichour, M. T. E.Aiyar, S.Akinyemiju, T. F.Akseer, N.Al Lami, F. H.Alahdab, F.Al-Aly, Z.Alam, K.Alam, N.Alam, T.Alasfoor, D.Alene, K. A.Ali, R.Alizadeh-Navaei, R.Alkaabi, J. M.Alkerwi, A.Alla, F.Allebeck, P.Allen, C.Al-Maskari, F.Almazroa, M. A.Al-Raddadi, R.Alsharif, U.Alsowaidi, S.Althouse, B. M.Altirkawi, K. A.Alvis-Guzman, N.Amare, A. T.Amini, E.Ammar, W.Amoako, Y. A.Ansha, M. G.Antonio, C. A. T.Anwari, P.Ärnlöv, J.Arora, M.Artaman, A.Aryal, K. K.Asgedom, S. W.Atey, T. M.Atnafu, N. T.Avila-Burgos, L.Arthur Avokpaho, E. F. G.Awasthi, A.Awasthi, S.Quintanilla, B. P. A.Azarpazhooh, M. R.Azzopardi, P.Babalola, T. K.Bacha, U.Badawi, A.Balakrishnan, K.Bannick, M. S.Barac, A.Barker-Collo, S. L.BÀrnighausen, T.Barquera, S.Barrero, L. H.Basu, S.Battista, R.Battle, K. E.Baune, B. T.Bazargan-Hejazi, S.Beardsley, J.Bedi, N.Béjot, Y.Bekele, B. B.Bell, M. L.Bennett, D. A.Bennett, J. R.Bensenor, I. M.Benson, J.Berhane, A.Berhe, D. F.Bernabé, E.Betsu, B. D.Beuran, M.Beyene, A. S.Bhansali, A.Bhatt, S.Bhutta, Z. A.Biadgilign, S.Bienhof, K.Bikbov, B.Birungi, C.Biryukov, S.Bisanzio, D.Bizuayehu, H. M.Blyth, F. M.Boneya, D. J.Bose, D.Bou-Orm, I. R.Bourne, R. R. A.Brainin, M.Brayne, C. E. G.Brazinova, A.Breitborde, N. J. K.Briant, P. S.Britton, G.Brugha, T. S.Buchbinder, R.Bulto, L. N. B.Bumgarner, B.Butt, Z. A.Cahuana-Hurtado, L.Cameron, E.Campos-Nonato, I. R.Carabin, H.Cárdenas, R.Carpenter, D. O.Carrero, J. J.Carter, A.Carvalho, F.Casey, D.Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A.Rivas, J. C.Castle, C. D.Catalá-López, F.Chang, J. -CCharlson, F. J.Chaturvedi, P.Chen, H.Chibalabala, M.Chibueze, C. E.Chisumpa, V. H.Chitheer, A. A.Chowdhury, R.Christopher, D. J.Ciobanu, L. G.Cirillo, M.Colombara, D.Cooper, L. T.Cooper, C.Cortesi, P. A.Cortinovis, M.Criqui, M. H.Cromwell, E. A.Cross, M.Crump, J. A.Dadi, A. F.Dalal, KoustuvDamasceno, A.Dandona, L.Dandona, R.Das Neves, J.Davitoiu, D. V.Davletov, K.De Courten, B.De Leo, D.De Steur, H.Degenhardt, L.Deiparine, S.Dellavalle, R. P.Deribe, K.Deribew, A.Das Jarlais, D. C.Dey, S.Dharmaratne, S. D.Dhillon, P. K.Dicker, D.Djalalinia, S.Do, H. P.Dokova, K.Doku, D. T.Dorsey, E. R.Dos Santos, K. P. B.Driscoll, T. R.Dubey, M.Duncan, B. B.Ebel, B. E.Echko, M.El-Khatib, Z. Z.Enayati, A.Endries, A. Y.Ermakov, S. P.Erskine, H. E.Eshetie, S.Eshrati, B.Esteghamati, A.Estep, K.Fanuel, F. B. B.Farag, T.Farinha, C. S. E. S.Faro, A.Farzadfar, F.Fazeli, M. S.Feigin, V. L.Feigl, A. B.Fereshtehnejad, S. -MFernandes, J. C.Ferrari, A. J.Feyissa, T. R.Filip, I.Fischer, F.Fitzmaurice, C.Flaxman, A. D.Foigt, N.Foreman, K. J.Franklin, R. C.Frostad, J. J.Fullman, N.FÃŒrst, T.Furtado, J. M.Futran, N. D.Gakidou, E.Garcia-Basteiro, A. L.Gebre, T.Gebregergs, G. B.Gebrehiwot, T. T.Geleijnse, J. M.Geleto, A.Gemechu, B. L.Gesesew, H. A.Gething, P. W.Ghajar, A.Gibney, K. B.Gillum, R. F.Ginawi, I. A. M.Gishu, M. D.Giussani, G.Godwin, W. W.Goel, K.Goenka, S.Goldberg, E. M.Gona, P. N.Goodridge, A.Gopalani, S. V.Gosselin, R. A.Gotay, C. C.Goto, A.Goulart, A. C.Graetz, N.Gugnani, H. C.Gupta, R.Gupta, P. C.Gupta, T.Gupta, V.Gutiérrez, R. A.Hachinski, V.Hafezi-Nejad, N.Hailu, A. D.Hailu, G. B.Hamadeh, R. R.Hamidi, S.Hammami, M.Handal, A. J.Hankey, G. J.Hao, Y.Harb, H. L.Hareri, H. A.Haro, J. M.Harun, K. M.Harvey, J.Hassanvand, M. S.Havmoeller, R.Hay, R. J.Hedayati, M. T.Hendrie, D.Henry, N. J.Heredia-Pi, I. B.Heydarpour, P.Hoek, H. W.Hofman, H. J.Horino, M.Horita, N.Hosgood, H. D.Hostiuc, S.Hotez, P. J.Hoy, D. G.Htet, A. S.Hu, G.Huang, J. J.Huynh, C.Iburg, K. M.Igumbor, E. U.Ikeda, C.Irvine, C. M. S.Jacobsen, K. H.Jahanmehr, N.Jakovljevic, M. B.James, P.Jassal, S. K.Javanbakht, M.Jayaraman, S. P.Jeemon, P.Jensen, P. N.Jha, V.Jiang, G.John, D.Johnson, C. O.Johnson, S. C.Jonas, J. B.JÃŒrisson, M.Kabir, Z.Kadel, R.Kahsay, A.Kamal, R.Kar, C.Karam, N. E.Karch, A.Karema, C. K.Karimi, S. M.Karimkhani, C.Kasaeian, A.Kassa, G. M.Kassebaum, N. J.Kassaw, N. A.Kastor, A.Katikireddi, S. V.Kaul, A.Kawakami, N.Keiyoro, P. N.Kemmer, L.Kengne, A. P.Keren, A.Kesavachandran, C. N.Khader, Y. S.Khalil, I. A.Khan, E. A.Khang, Y. -HKhoja, A. T.Khosravi, A.Khubchandani, J.Kieling, C.Kim, Y. J.Kim, D.Kimokoti, R. W.Kinfu, Y.Kisa, A.Kissimova-Skarbek, K. A.Kissoon, N.Kivimaki, M.Knudsen, A. K.Kokubo, Y.Kolte, D.Kopec, J. A.Kosen, S.Kotsakis, G. A.Koul, P. A.Koyanagi, A.Kravchenko, M.Krohn, K. J.Defo, B. K.Bicer, B. K.Kumar, G. A.Kumar, P.Kyu, H. H.Lager, A. C. J.Lal, D. K.Lalloo, R.Lallukka, T.Lambert, N.Lan, Q.Lansingh, V. C.Larsson, A.Leasher, J. L.Lee, P. H.Leigh, J.Leshargie, C. T.Leung, J.Leung, R.Levi, M.Li, Y.Liang, X.Liben, M. L.Lim, S. S.Linn, S.Liu, A.Liu, P. Y.Liu, S.Liu, Y.Lodha, R.Logroscino, G.Looker, K. J.Lopez, A. D.Lorkowski, S.Lotufo, P. A.Lozano, R.Lucas, T. C. D.Lunevicius, R.Lyons, R. A.Macarayan, E. R. K.Maddison, E. R.Magdy Abd El Razek, H.Magdy Abd El Razek, M.Magis-Rodriguez, C.Mahdavi, M.Majdan, M.Majdzadeh, R.Majeed, A.Malekzadeh, R.Malhotra, R.Malta, D. C.Mamun, A. A.Manguerra, H.Manhertz, T.Mantovani, L. G.Mapoma, C. C.March, L. M.Marczak, L. B.Martinez-Raga, J.Martins, P. H. V.Martins-Melo, F. R.Martopullo, I.MÀrz, W.Mathur, M. R.Mazidi, M.McAlinden, C.McGaughey, M.McGrath, J. J.McKee, M.Mehata, S.Meier, T.Meles, K. G.Memiah, P.Memish, Z. A.Mendoza, W.Mengesha, M. M.Mengistie, M. A.Mengistu, D. T.Mensah, G. A.Meretoja, A.Meretoja, T. J.Mezgebe, H. B.Micha, R.Millear, A.Miller, T. R.Minnig, S.Mirarefn, M.Mirrakhimov, E. M.Misganaw, A.Mishra, S. R.Mitchell, P. B.Mohammad, K. A.Mohammadi, A.Mohammed, S.Mohammed, K. E.Mohammed, M. S. K.Mohan, M. B. V.Mokdad, A. H.Mollenkopf, S. K.Monasta, L.Montañez Hernandez, J. C.Montico, M.Moradi-Lakeh, M.Moraga, P.Morawska, L.Mori, R.Morrison, S. D.Moses, M.Mountjoy-Venning, C.Mruts, K. B.Mueller, U. O.Muller, K.Mudoch, M. E.Murthy, S.Murthy, G. V. S.Musa, K. I.Nachega, J. B.Nagel, G.Naghavi, M.Naheed, A.Naidoo, K. S.Nangia, V.Nasher, J. T.Natarajan, G.Negasa, D. E.Negoi, I.Negoi, R. I.Newton, C. R.Ngunjiri, J. W.Nguyen, C. T.Nguyen, Q. L.Nguyen, G.Nguyen, T. H.Nguyen, M.Nichols, E.Ningrum, D. N. A.Nong, V. M.Norheim, O. F.Norrving, B.Noubiap, J. J. N.Nyandwi, A.Obermeyer, C. M.O’Donnell, M. J.Ogbo, F. A.Oh, I. -HOkoro, A.Oladimeji, O.Olagunju, A. T.Olagunju, T. O.Olsen, H. E.Olusanya, B. O.Olusanya, J. O.Ong, K.Opio, J. N.Oren, E.Ortiz, A.Osborne, R. H.Osgood-Zimmerman, A.Osman, M.Ota, E.Owolabi, M. O.Pa, M.Pacella, R. E.Panda, B. K.Pandian, J. D.Papachristou, C.Park, E. -KParry, C. D.Parsaeian, M.Patil, S. T.Patten, S. B.Patton, G. C.Paudel, D.Paulson, K.Pearce, N.Pereira, D. M.Perez, K. M.Perico, N.Pesudovs, K.Peterson, C. B.Petri, W. A.Petzold, M.Phillips, M. R.Phipps, G.Pigott, D. M.Pillay, J. D.Pinho, C.Piradov, M. A.Plass, D.Pletcher, M. A.Popova, S.Poulton, R. G.Pourmalek, F.Prabhakaran, D.Prasad, N.Purcell, C.Purwar, M.Qorbani, M.Rabiee, R. H. S.Radfar, A.Rafay, A.Rahimi, K.Rahimi-Movaghar, A.Rahimi-Movaghar, V.Rahman, M.Rahman, M. A.Rahman, M. H. U.Rai, R. K.Rajsic, S.Ram, U.Ranabhat, C. L.Rangaswamy, T.Rankin, Z.Rao, P. V.Rao, P. C.Rawaf, S.Ray, S. E.Reiner, R. C.Reinig, N.Reitsma, M.Remuzzi, G.Renzaho, A. M. N.Resnikof, S.Rezaei, S.Ribeiro, A. L.Roba, H. S.Robinson, S. R.Rojas-Rueda, D.Rokni, M. B.Ronfani, L.Roshandel, G.Roth, G. A.Rothenbacher, D.Roy, A.Rubagotti, E.Ruhago, G. M.Saadat, S.Safdarian, M.Safri, S.Sagar, R.Sahathevan, R.Sahraian, M. A.Salama, J.Saleh, M. M.Salomon, J. A.Salvi, S. S.Samy, A. M.Sanabria, J. R.Sanchez-Niño, M. D.Santomauro, D.Santos, J. V.Santos, I. S.Santric Milicevic, M. M.Sartorius, B.Satpathy, M.Sawhney, M.Saxena, S.Schelonka, K.Schmidt, M. I.Schneider, I. J. C.Schöttker, B.Schutte, A. E.Schwebel, D. C.Schwendicke, F.Seedat, S.Sepanlou, S. G.Servan-Mori, E. E.Shaheen, A.Shaikh, M. A.Shamsipour, M.Shariful Islam, S. M.Sharma, R.Sharma, J.She, J.Shi, P.Shibuya, K.Shields, C.Shiferaw, M. S.Shigematsu, M.Shiri, R.Shirkoohi, R.Shirude, S.Shishani, K.Shoman, H.Siabani, S.Sibai, A. M.Sigfusdottir, I. D.Silberberg, D. H.Silva, J. P.Silva, D. A. S.Silveira, D. G. A.Singh, J. A.Singh, V.Singh, O. P.Singh, N. P.Sinha, D. N.Skiadaresi, E.Skirbekk, V.Slepak, E. L.Smith, D. L.Smith, M.Sobaih, B. H. A.Sobngwi, E.Soljak, M.Sorensen, R. J. D.Sousa, T. C. M.Sposato, L. A.Sreeramareddy, C. T.Srinivasan, V.Stanaway, J. D.Stathopoulou, V.Steel, N.Stein, D. J.Steiner, C.Steinke, S.Stokes, M. A.Stovner, L. J.Strub, B.Subart, M.Sufyan, M. B.Abdulkader, R. S.Sunguya, B. F.Sur, P. J.Swaminathan, S.Sykes, B. L.Sylte, D.Szoeke, C. E. I.Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.Tadakamadla, S. K.Tafere, G. R.Takala, J. S.Tandon, N.Tanne, D.Tarekegn, Y. L.Tavakkoli, M.Taveira, N.Taylor, H. R.Tegegne, T. K.Tehrani-Banihashemi, A.Tekelab, T.Temam Shifa, G.Terkawi, A. S.Tesfaye, D. J.Tesssema, B.Thakur, J. S.Thamsuwan, O.Theadom, A. M.Theis, A. M.Thomas, K. E.Thomas, N.Thompson, R.Thrift, A. G.Tobe-Gai, R.Tobollik, M.Tonelli, M.Topor-Madry, R.Tortajada, M.Touvier, M.Traebert, J.Tran, B. X.Troeger, C.Truelsen, T.Tsoi, D.Tuzcu, E. M.Tymeson, H.Tyrovolas, S.Ukwaja, K. N.Undurraga, E. A.Uneke, C. J.Updike, R.Uthman, O. A.Uzochukwu, B. S. C.Van Boven, J. F. M.Varughese, S.Vasankari, T.Veerman, L. J.Venkatesh, S.Venketasubramanian, N.Vidavalur, R.Vijayakumar, L.Violante, F. S.Vishnu, A.Vladimirov, S. K.Vlassov, V. V.Vollset, S. E.Vos, T.Wadilo, F.Wakayo, T.Wallin, M. T.Wang, Y. -PWeichenthal, S.Weiderpass, E.Weintraub, R. G.Weiss, D. J.Werdecker, A.Westerman, R.Whiteford, H. A.Wijeratne, T.Williams, H. C.Wiysonge, C. S.Woldeyes, B. G.Wolfe, C. D. A.Woodbrook, R.Woolf, A. D.Workicho, A.Xavier, D.Xu, G.Yadgir, S.Yaghoubi, M.Yakob, B.Yan, L. L.Yano, Y.Ye, P.Yihdego, M. G.Yimam, H. H.Yip, P.Yonemoto, N.Yoon, S. -JYotebieng, M.Younis, M. Z.Yu, C.Zaidi, Z.Zaki, M. E. S.Zegeye, E. A.Zenebe, Z. M.Zhang, X.Zheng, Y.Zhou, M.Zipkin, B.Zodpey, S.Zoeckler, L.Zuhlke, L. J.Murray, C. J. L.Adedji, I. A.Murdoch, M. E.Bryane, C. E. G.DALYs, G B D 2 0 1 6Collaborators, H A L E
Source
The Lancet. 390(10100):1260-1344
Subject
abdominal wall hernia
abortion
accommodation disorder
acne vulgaris
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
acute glomerulonephritis
acute hepatitis A
acute hepatitis e
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
acute myeloid leukemia
adolescent
adult
African trypanosomiasis
aged
alcoholic cardiomyopathy
alcoholism
all cause mortality
alopecia areata
Alzheimer disease
amphetamine dependence
anorexia nervosa
anxiety disorder
aortic aneurysm
appendicitis
Article
asbestosis
ascariasis
Asperger syndrome
asthma
atrial fibrillation
attention deficit disorder
autism
automutilation
biliary tract cancer
biliary tract disease
bipolar disorder
bladder cancer
brain cancer
brain hemorrhage
brain ischemia
breast cancer
bronchus cancer
bulimia
cardiomyopathy
cataract
cause of death
cellulitis
cerebrovascular disease
Chagas disease
chickenpox
child
chlamydiasis
chronic kidney failure
chronic liver disease
chronic lymphatic leukemia
chronic myeloid leukemia
chronic obstructive lung disease
coal workers’ pneumoconiosis
cocaine dependence
colon cancer
conduct disorder
congenital disorder
cysticercosis
decubitus
dengue
dental caries
dermatitis
diabetes mellitus
diarrhea
diphtheria
disability-adjusted life year
disease course
diseases
Down syndrome
dracunculiasis
drowning
drug dependence
drug resistant tuberculosis
duodenitis
dysthymia
eating disorder
Ebola hemorrhagic fever
echinococcosis
ectopic pregnancy
encephalitis
endocarditis
endometriosis
epidemic meningitis
epilepsy
esophagus cancer
falling
female
female infertility
femoral hernia
food borne trematodiasis
foreign body
fungal skin disease
gallbladder cancer
gallbladder disease
gastritis
genital herpes
glaucoma
global disease burden
glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
gonorrhea
gout
gross national product
groups by age
gunshot injury
haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis
health care policy
healthy life expectancy
hearing impairment
heart atrium flutter
hemolytic anemia
hepatitis
hepatitis B
hepatitis C
herpes zoster
Hodgkin disease
hookworm infection
human
Human immunodeficiency virus infection
ICD-10
ICD-9
inflammatory bowel disease
inguinal hernia
injury
intellectual impairment
interstitial lung disease
interstitial nephritis
intestine infection
intestine obstruction
intoxication
iodine deficiency
iron deficiency anemia
ischemic heart disease
kidney cancer
larynx cancer
latent tuberculosis
leishmaniasis
leprosy
leukemia
life expectancy
lip cancer
liver cancer
liver cirrhosis
low back pain
low income country
lower respiratory tract infection
lung cancer
lung sarcoidosis
lymphatic filariasis
macular degeneration
major clinical study
major depression
malaria
male
male infertility
malignant neoplasm
maternal death
maternal hemorrhage
maternal hypertension
measles
melanoma
meningitis
mesothelioma
middle income country
migraine
morbidity
motor neuron disease
mouth cancer
mouth malformation
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
multiple myeloma
multiple sclerosis
myocarditis
nasopharynx cancer
neck pain
neglected disease
nematodiasis
neonatal encephalopathy
neural tube defect
newborn disease
newborn jaundice
newborn sepsis
nonhodgkin lymphoma
onchocerciasis
opiate addiction
osteoarthritis
otitis media
ovary cancer
pancreas cancer
pancreatitis
paralytic ileus
paratyphoid fever
Parkinson disease
pelvic organ prolapse
peptic ulcer
perinatal asphyxia
periodontal disease
peripheral occlusive artery disease
pertussis
physical violence
pneumococcal meningitis
pneumoconiosis
premature labor
premenstrual syndrome
priority journal
prostate cancer
prostate hypertrophy
protein calorie malnutrition
pruritus
psoriasis
pulmonary aspiration
pyoderma
rectum cancer
refraction error
retinol deficiency
rheumatic heart disease
rheumatoid arthritis
risk factor
scabies
schistosomiasis
schizophrenia
sickle cell trait
silicosis
skin leishmaniasis
spontaneous abortion
stomach cancer
sudden infant death syndrome
suffocation
syphilis
tension headache
terrorism
testis cancer
tetanus
thalassemia
thyroid cancer
trachea cancer
trachoma
traffic accident
trematodiasis
trichomoniasis
trichuriasis
tuberculosis
Turner syndrome
typhoid fever
upper respiratory tract infection
urinary tract infection
urticaria
uterine cervix cancer
uterus cancer
uterus myoma
uterus rupture
viral skin disease
visceral leishmaniasis
yellow fever
Zika fever
age distribution
communicable disease
demography
disabled person
global health
middle aged
mortality
non communicable disease
quality adjusted life year
sex ratio
statistics and numerical data
trends
very elderly
Adult
Age Distribution
Aged
80 and over
Cause of Death
Communicable Diseases
Disabled Persons
Female
Global Burden of Disease
Global Health
Humans
Life Expectancy
Male
Middle Aged
Noncommunicable Diseases
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
Residence Characteristics
Sex Distribution
Wounds and Injuries
Language
English
ISSN
0140-6736
1474-547X
Abstract
Background: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE difered from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71·9-78·6) for females and 72·0 years (68·8-75·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45·6 years [42·0-49·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41·5 years [39·0-44·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6·24 years (5·97-6·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6·04 years (5·74-6·27) for males and 6·49 years (6·08-6·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1·78 years (1·61-1·93) for males and 1·96 years (1·69-2·13) for females. Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2016 (-2·3% [-5·9 to 0·9]), with decreases in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disease DALYs ofset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The exemplars, calculated as the fve lowest ratios of observed to expected age-standardised DALY rates in 2016, were Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Maldives, Peru, and Israel. The leading three causes of DALYs globally were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections, comprising 16·1% of all DALYs. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most CMNN causes decreased from 1990 to 2016. Conversely, the total DALY burden rose for most NCDs; however, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined globally. Interpretation: At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements. At the same time, we observe that many populations are facing growing functional health loss. Rising SDI was associated with increases in cumulative years of life lived with disability and decreases in CMNN DALYs ofset by increased NCD DALYs. Relative compression of morbidity highlights the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning. The analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework with which to benchmark location-specific health performance. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform health policies, health system improvement initiatives, targeted prevention eforts, and development assistance for health, including fnancial and research investments for all countries, regardless of their level of sociodemographic development. The presence of countries that substantially outperform others suggests the need for increased scrutiny for proven examples of best practices, which can help to extend gains, whereas the presence of underperforming countries suggests the need for devotion of extra attention to health systems that need more robust support. © The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.